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Dataset results
159 results for “Medicago truncatula”
Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (BR0000011706786)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (BR0000011975649)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (BR0000012259045)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (BR0000011563723)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (BR0000015232144V)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (BR0000005138289)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (BR0000011566632)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (BR0000012168866)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (BR0000015202352V)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Aphid infestation differently affects the defences of nitrate-fed and nitrogenfixing Medicago truncatula and alters symbiotic nitrogen fixation
<p>Legumes can meet their nitrogen requirements through root nodule symbiosis, which could also trigger plant systemic resistance against pests. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, a legume pest, can harbour different facultative symbionts (FS) influencing various traits of their hosts. It is, therefore, worth determining if and how the symbionts of the plant and the aphid modulate their interaction. We used different pea aphid lines without FS or with a single one (Hamiltonella defensa, Regiella insecticola, Serratia symbiotica) to infest Medicago truncatula plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti (symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF)) or supplemented with nitrate (non-inoculated (NI)). The growth of SNF and NI plants was reduced by aphid infestation, while aphid weight (but not survival) was lowered on SNF compared to NI plants. Aphids strongly affected the plant nitrogen fixation depending on their symbiotic status, suggesting indirect relationships between aphid- and plant-associated microbes. Finally, all aphid lines triggered expression of Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1 (PR1) and Proteinase Inhibitor (PI), respective marker for salicylic and jasmonic pathways, in SNF plants, compared to only PR1 in NI plants. We demonstrate that the plant symbiotic status influences plant–aphid interactions while that of the aphid can modulate the amplitude of the plant's defence response.</p>
Mining Proteomic Databases of a Model Plant Medicago truncatula for Mosaic Proteins and Other Unconventional Translation Products
<p><strong>How many different proteins can be produced from a single spliced transcript? Genome annotation projects do not consider the coding potential of reading frames other than that of the reference open reading frames (refORFs). Recently, alternative open reading frames (altORFs) and their translational products, alternative proteins (altProts), have been shown to carry out important functions in various organisms. Overlapping altORFs may be involved in one fundamental mechanism so far overlooked. A few years ago, it was proposed that altORFs may act as building blocks for chimeric (mosaic) polypeptides, which are produced via multiple ribosomal frameshifting events from a single mature transcript. We adopt terminology from that earlier discussion and call this mechanism mosaic translation. This way of extracting and combining genetic information may significantly increase proteome diversity. Thus, we hypothesize that this mechanism may have contributed to the flexibility and adaptability of organisms to a variety of environmental conditions. The idea of mosaic translation is a testable hypothesis, although its direct demonstration is technically very challenging. If confirmed, this concept will revolutionize modern genetics. In this project, we would like to follow a unique strategy for the detection of mosaic proteins in proteomic databases publicly available for a very important model plant <em>Medicago truncatula</em>. The proposed analysis will be based on our own preliminary data already generated in the course of an ongoing TÜBİTAK1002 project. Regardless of whether the evidence for mosaic translation is found in this study, this effort will help identify such proteins later when more proteomic data become available. Finally, our approach can reveal unconventional frameshifting products that derive from the omission of several nucleotides by ribosomes (for example, +2 to +16 frameshifts). Regardless of whether such frameshifted products are parts of mosaic proteins, the potential for their detection makes this project very novel, because frameshifts longer than one nucleotide in the forward direction have not been described so far.</strong></p>
Plastid phylogenomics uncovers multiple species in Medicago truncatula (Fabaceae) germplasm accessions
<p><em>Medicago</em> <em>truncatula</em> is a model legume that has been extensively investigated in diverse subdisciplines of plant science. <em>Medicago</em> <em>littoralis</em> can interbreed with <em>M</em>. <em>truncatula</em> and <em>M</em>. <em>italica</em>; these three closely related species form a clade, i.e. TLI clade. Genetic studies have indicated that <em>M</em>. <em>truncatula</em> accessions are heterogeneous, but their taxonomic identities have not been verified. To elucidate the phylogenetic position of diverse <em>M</em>. <em>truncatula</em> accessions within the genus, we assembled 54 plastid genomes (plastomes) using publicly available next-generation sequencing data and conducted phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood. Five accessions showed high levels of plastid DNA polymorphism. Three of these highly polymorphic accessions contained sequences from both <em>M</em>. <em>truncatula</em> and <em>M</em>. <em>littoralis</em>. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences placed some accessions closer to distantly related species suggesting misidentification of source material. Most accessions were placed within the TLI clade and maximally supported the interrelationships of three subclades. Two Medicago accessions were placed within a <em>M</em>. <em>italica</em> subclade of the TLI clade. Plastomes with a 45-kb (rpl20-ycf1) inversion were placed within the <em>M</em>. <em>littoralis</em> subclade. Our results suggest that the <em>M</em>. <em>truncatula</em> accession genome pool represents more than one species due to possible mistaken identities and gene flow among closely related species.</p>
Aphid infestation differently affects the defences of nitrate-fed and nitrogenfixing Medicago truncatula and alters symbiotic nitrogen fixation
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Plastid phylogenomics uncovers multiple species in Medicago truncatula (Fabaceae) germplasm accessions
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Data from: Intra-population genomics in a model mutualist: population structure and candidate symbiosis genes under selection in Medicago truncatula
Bottom-up evolutionary approaches, including geographically-explicit population genomic analyses, have the power to reveal the mechanistic basis of adaptation. Here we conduct a population genomic analysis in the model legume, Medicago truncatula, in order to characterize population genetic structure and identify symbiosis-related genes showing evidence of spatially-variable selection. Using RAD-seq, we generated over 26,000 SNPs from 191 accessions from within three regions of the native range in Europe. Results from STRUCTURE analysis identify 5 distinct genetic clusters with divisions that separate east and west regions in the Mediterranean basin. Much of the genetic variation is maintained within sampling sites, and there is evidence for isolation by distance. Extensive linkage disequilibrium was identified, particularly within populations. We conducted genetic outlier analysis with FST-based genome scans and a bayesian modeling approach (PCAdapt). There were 70 core outlier loci shared between these distinct methods with one clear candidate symbiosis related gene, DMI1. This work sets that stage for functional experiments to determine the important phenotypes that selection has acted upon and complementary efforts in rhizobium populations.
Differential responses of Medicago truncatula NLA homologs to nutrient deficiency and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
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Plant circadian clock control of Medicago truncatula nodulation involving regulation of Nodule Cysteine-Rich genes
<p>Legumes house nitrogen-fixing endosymbiotic rhizobia in specialized polyploid cells within root nodules, which undergo tightly regulated metabolic activity. By carrying out expression analysis of transcripts over time in Medicago truncatula nodules we found that the circadian clock enables coordinated control of metabolic and regulatory processes linked to nitrogen fixation. This involves the circadian clock-associated transcriptional factor LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY), with lhy mutants being affected in nodulation. Rhythmic transcripts in root nodules include a subset of Nodule-specific Cysteine Rich peptides (NCRs) that have the LHY-bound conserved Evening Element in their promoters. Until now, studies have suggested that NCRs act to regulate bacteroid differentiation and keep the rhizobial population in check. However, these conclusions came from the study of a few members of this very large gene family that has complex diversified spatio-temporal expression. We suggest that rhythmic expression of NCRs may be important for temporal coordination of bacterial activity with the rhythms of the plant host, in order to ensure optimal symbiosis.</p>
Plant growth over one growing season of Medicago truncatula in competition with conspecifics of different genetic relatedness
<p><span>Kin recognition and kin selection have long been known to occur in animals where it shapes altruistic behavior towards relatives. More recently, studies have found that kin recognition and altered behavior towards kin can also occur in plants. However, inferring the underlying mechanism responsible for variation in plant performance in experimental studies is challenging as often, results can be explained by alternative and non-exclusive mechanisms such as niche differences, kin competition avoidance, and genetic variation in growth rate and competitive ability. Plant-plant interactions may change with the life stage of plants, and competition is often most intense towards the end of plants growing season. However, changes in plant-plant interaction intensity across plants life cycle are rarely considered in kin interaction studies. Here, we adapt a model of plant growth over time modified to specifically include effects of kin and non-kin competition. The model decompose competitive interactions at different stages during plant growth from initial growth to the end of the growing season. It estimates genotype specific variation in growth rate, and how sensitive individual genotypes are to competition neighbors. Furthermore, it estimates size asymmetry among plants accounting for both variation in growth rate, neighbor relatedness, and resource variation (here water availability). We use this model to analyze the results from a competition experiment where plants grew in mini-communities with neighbor plants that were either kin or non-kin. We find that when applied to our experiments, this approach can disentangle kin effects from other effects caused by genotypic variation in growth rate and competitive response to neighbors, and thus significantly help to detect whether plants exhibit kin-cooperative behavior</span></p>
Data from: Intra-population genomics in a model mutualist: population structure and candidate symbiosis genes under selection in Medicago truncatula
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Data from: Multiple mutualist effects on genomewide expression in the tripartite association between Medicago truncatula, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi
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