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Figs. 35–42 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 35–42. Right mandible of postdefecating larvae, dorsal and inner views, respectively, drawn to same scale. 35, 36. Radoszkowskiana rufiventris. 37, 38. Coelioxys decipiens. 39, 40. Coelioxys coturnix. 41, 42. Megachile nigripes. Note that apex of inner view of mandible of R. rufiventris is not in maximum profile as is the case in fig. 10.

Fig. 27 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Fig. 27. Cocoon of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris, collected dry, lateral view; shiny surface resulted from its construction in remnant of cocoon of Megachile nigripes from previous generation. Figs. 28– 30. Megachile nigripes. 28. Three cocoons, lateral view, encased in material from cell wall; note feces and white nipples; nipple of cocoon on right accidentally destroyed. 29. Close-up of cell closure as seen from inside cells. 30. Outside, upper surface of cocoon showing dark fecal pellets and white nipple with central opening, top view.

Figs. 89–91 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 89–91. SEM micrographs of the postdefecating larva of Megachile minutissima. 89. Head, lateral view, showing slopping profile of cranium. 90. Salivary lips, frontal view. 91. Close-up of upper lip identified by rectangle in fig. 90.

Figs. 80–82 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 80–82. SEM micrographs of the postdefecating larva of Coelioxys decipiens. 80. Antennal papilla, lateral view. 81. Salivary lips, frontal view. 82. Close-up of inner surface of upper lip identified by rectangle in fig. 81.

Figure 20 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figure 20 is a close-up in ventral view of the anterior end of the first instar of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris from which the piece of chorion had been torn away when host and parasite were separate. The peculiar stratum with a papillate outer surface covering the front of the labrum cannot be explained at this time and warrants further investigation to reveal its anatomy and function. Of special interest are the mandibles. Although, as stated above, we thought at first that each had a simple, curved, sclerotized apex, we discov-

Figs. 47, 48 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 47, 48. Photographs of heads of postdefecating larvae, lateral view. 47. Coelioxys decipiens, with hypostomal tubercle and ridge delineated by dashed line. 48. Coelioxys coturnix, with hypostomal ridge delineated by dashed line.

Figs. 14–17 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 14–17. SEM micrographs of midbody segments of first instars of Megachile nigripes and Radoszkowskiana rufiventris, showing differences in spicules, anterior ends toward left, lateral view; for explanation, see text. 14. Two midbody segments of M. nigripes showing sharp-pointed, thornlike spi-

Fig. 18 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Fig. 18. SEM micrographs of egg of Megachile nigripes from which first instar of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris had been removed, leaving behind piece of chorion that had covered its mouthparts, identified by rectangle. Fig. 19. Close-up of piece of chorion of R. rufiventris identified by rectangle in fig. 18.

Fig. 12 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Fig. 12. Photograph of live egg of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris on top of egg of Megachile nigripes, collected on June 1, 2005, dorsal view. Fig. 13. Photograph of same individual of R. rufiventris preserved as pharate first instar with host egg on June 2, 2005, lateral view.

Figs. 3–5 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 3–5. Diagrams of cells and cocoon of Megachile nigripes, lateral views. 3. Taller cell, showing provisions with egg of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris deposited on floating egg of host. 4. Shorter cell with cocoon of M. nigripes. 5. Close-up of cross section of upper end of cocoon of M. nigripes; for explanations, see text.

Fig. 11 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Fig. 11. Diagram of egg Radoszkowskiana rufiventris position on egg of Megachile nigripes found on May 17, 2004, anterior ends to left, dorsal view.

Figs. 6–10 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 6–10. Right mandibles of larval instars of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris, outer views, with apices drawn in maximum profile. 6. First instar, above, outer view with second tooth eclipsed by apical tooth, and, below, ventral view showing basal tooth.7. Second instar. 8. Third instar. 9. Fourth instar. 10. Fifth instar. All figures drawn to same scale.

Figs. 1, 2 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 1, 2. Nesting sites of Megachile nigripes and it cleptoparasites in Tel El Kebir, Egypt. 1. Abundant adults of this solitary bee and its cleptoparasites (as well as of other bees) nesting in adobe wall to the left. 2. Kariman Mahmoud (left) and Soliman M. Kamel standing in front of adobe building showing damage caused by numerous generations of Megachile nigripes and other solitary bees nesting in the walls; large holes left of each of person resulted from our excavations of the nests.

Figs. 23–26 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 23–26. Photographs of feeding larval instars of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris. 23. First instar three days after collection as egg, on partly consumed host egg. 24. Second instar of same individual with opaque, yellowish abdomen, two days later, and chorion of completely consumed host egg. 25. Probably third instar, different individual; note shiny chorion of host egg to the left of its forebody. 26. Fourth instar of same individual as in figs. 23, 24, nine days after being collected as egg; two days later, larvae became fifth instar.

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Figs 1–3 in Megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan: tribes Lithurgini, Dioxyini, and Megachilini

Figs 1–3. Megachile (Creightonella) albisecta (Klug, 1817), gynandromorph: 1 –

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Fig. 31 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Fig. 31. Mature oocytes drawn in lateral view to same scale, anterior ends to the left.

FIGURES 1–10 in A review of Megachile (Chelostomoda) Michener (Megachilidae: Megachilini) known from China with the description of a new species

FIGURES 1–10. Megachile (Chelostomoda) guangxiense sp. nov. Holotype, Ƥ, 1, Body in dorsal view; 2, Body in lateral view; 3, Head in frontal view; 4, Head in lateral view; 5, Antenna in lateral view; 6, Clypeus and mandible in frontal view, showing the setae-tuft on clypeal median lobe and teeth on mandible; 7, Mesoscutum and scutellum in dorsal view; 8, Metasoma in lateral view, showing the apical hair bands on terga; 9, Metasoma in lateral view, showing the T6; 10, Hind tarsus in later view, showing the claw.

FIGURES 29–38 in A review of Megachile (Chelostomoda) Michener (Megachilidae: Megachilini) known from China with the description of a new species

FIGURES 29–38. Characters of Chinese Megachile (Chelostomoda) species. 29, M. (C.) spissula male antenna in lateral view; 30, M. (C.) nigroapicalis male mandible in frontal view, showing the teeth and interspaces among teeth; 31, M. (C.) ulrica male mandible in frontal view, showing the teeth and interspaces among teeth; 32, M. (C.) nigroapicalis male hind tarsus, showing color of distitarsus; 33, M. (C.) ulrica male hind tarsus, showing color of distitarsus; 34, M. (C.) crabipedes male genitalia line drawing, from Wu (2006); 35, M. (C.) spissula male genitalia line drawing, from Wu (2006); 36, M. (C.) ulrica male genitalia line drawing, from Wu (2006); 37, M. (C.) guangxiense sp. nov. male genitalia in dorsal view; 38, M. (C.) guangxiense sp. nov. male genitalia line drawing.

FIGURES 11–21 in A review of Megachile (Chelostomoda) Michener (Megachilidae: Megachilini) known from China with the description of a new species

FIGURES 11–21. Megachile (Chelostomoda) guangxiense sp. nov. Allotype, 3, 11, Body in dorsal view; 12, Body in lateral view; 13, Head in frontal view; 14, Antenna in lateral view; 15, Outer surface of fore tarsus; 16, Inner surface of fore tarsus, showing the black spots; 17, Claw on distitarsus of middle leg; 18, Metasoma in dorsal view, showing the postgradular groove on T2 and T3; 19, T6 in dorsal view, showing the apical margin; 20, T6 in ventral view, showing the carina; 21, Metasoma in ventral view, showing the exposed S1, S2 and T6.

FIGURES 22–28 in A review of Megachile (Chelostomoda) Michener (Megachilidae: Megachilini) known from China with the description of a new species

FIGURES 22–28. Characters of Chinese Megachile (Chelostomoda) species. 22, M. (C.) spissula female clypeus in frontal view, showing setae-tufts on clypeal median lobe; 23, M. (C.) ulrica female clypeus in frontal view, showing setae-tufts on clypeal median lobe; 24, M. (C.) crabipedes male metasoma in ventral view, showing horned lobe on S1; 25, M. (C.) nigroapicalis male metasoma in ventral view; 26, M. (C.) crabipedes male fore tarsus; 27, M. (C.) crabipedes male middle tarsus; 28, M. (C.) crabipedes male hind leg.