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Fig. 3 in Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies

Fig. 3. Male genitalia, aedeagus, lateral view. A. Merodon aureus (Fabricius, 1805) (FSUNS; FSUNS ID 09662) the place of absence of lateral sclerite of the aedeagus marked with arrow. B. M. funestus (Fabricius, 1794) (FSUNS; FSUNS ID F99). C. M. bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ID A2_079). D. M. zebraVujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (BMNH; FSUNS ID 03314). Abbreviations: ea = ejaculatory apodeme; p = aedeagus; s = lateral sclerite of aedeagus. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.

Fig. 11. Male head, frontal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 in Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies

Fig. 11. Male head, frontal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ZA2_079). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (USNM 2052372; FSUNS ID 04512). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., holotype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25089). E. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_066). F. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04972). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 10. Mesonotum, dorsal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 in Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies

Fig. 10. Mesonotum, dorsal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ZA2_079). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA5_243). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25090). E. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_066). F. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04972). A, C, E-F. Male. B, D. Female. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 15. Female head, frontal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 in Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies

Fig. 15. Female head, frontal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (NMSA; FSUNS ID 04278). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA5_243). C. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25090). D. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (NMSA; FSUNS ID ZA6_067). E. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915, lectotype (BMNH; NHMUK010369943). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 13. Male genitalia. A–C. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 in Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies

Fig. 13. Male genitalia. A–C. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (NMSA; FSUNS ID 04277). D–F. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (NMSA; FSUNS ID 04284). A, D. Epandrium, lateral view. B, E. Epandrium, ventral view. C, F. Hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: ams = anterior margin of surstyle; c = cercus; pl = posterior lobe of surstyle. Medially narrowed hypandrium marked with arrow. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 15 in Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

Fig. 15. Differences in the posterior part of the surstylus among species of the M. avidus complex. A. UPGMA phenogram constructed using squared Mahalanobis distances. B. Thin-plate spline deformation grids showing overall shape differences between analysed species.

Fig. 14 in Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

Fig. 14. Differences in the posterior part of the surstylus among species of the M. avidus complex. A. Scatter plot of individual scores of CV1 vs CV2. B. Scatter plot of individual scores of CV2 vs CV3.

Fig. 11 in Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

Fig. 11. UPGMA phenogram constructed using the squared Mahalanobis distances of wing shape for species of the M. avidus complex.

Fig. 12 in Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

Fig. 12. Thin-plate spline deformation grids showing wing shape differences between analysed species. Differences between the species have been exaggerated five-fold to make them more visible.

Fig. 10 in Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

Fig. 10. Differences in wing shape among species of the M. avidus complex. A. Scatter plot of individual scores of CV1 vs CV2. B. Scatter plot of individual scores of CV2 vs CV3.

Fig. 9 in Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

Fig. 9. UPGMA tree based on pairwise genetic distances for four species from the Merodon avidus complex.

Fig. 8 in Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

Fig. 8. Median-joining network of the mtDNA 5'-end of the COI gene. Circle sizes are proportional to haplotype frequencies. Each branch represents one mutational step; if more than one mutational step is present, it is denoted by the given number.

Fig. 6 in Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

Fig. 6. Maximum parsimony strict consensus tree based on DNA barcode COI sequences. Length 136 steps, Consistency Index (CI) = 93, Retention Index (RI) = 95. Filled circles denote unique changes, open circles non-unique.

Fig. 4 in Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

Fig. 4. Merodon megavidus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., head, antero-lateral view. A. Ƌ. B. ♀. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 3. Hind leg, lateral view. A–B in Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

Fig. 3. Hind leg, lateral view. A–B. Merodon avidus (Rossi, 1790). A. Ƌ. B. ♀. — C–D. M. megavidus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov. C. Ƌ. D. ♀. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

Fig. 2. Merodon megavidus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., male genitalia. A. Epandrium, lateral view. B. Left surstylus, anterior view. C. Hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: psl = posterior surstylus lobe; asl = anterior surstylus lobe; c = cercus; ae = aedeagus; ea = ejaculatory apodeme. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 1. Merodon aureus Fabricius, 1805 in An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study

Fig. 1. Merodon aureus Fabricius, 1805, ♂, right wing with the character used in linear morphometric: a = intersection of R4+5 with r-m vein; b = intersection of R4+5 vein with a line drawn in the middle between a and c; c = the intersection of R4+5 with M1 vein; D = the angle formed by the lines that connect a, b and c.

Fig. 4 in An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study

Fig. 4. Results of the geometric morphometric wing shape analysis of species of the Merodon aureus complex. A. Scatter plot of individual scores showing R4+5 vein shape variability. B. Scatter plot of individual scores showing wing shape variability from Vujić et al. (2020c). C. Scatter plot of individual scores showing semilandmark R4+5 vein shape and landmark wing shape variability D. Superimposed outline drawings showing R4+5 vein shape differences among investigated species.

Fig. 5 in An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study

Fig. 5. Results of the geometric morphometric wing shape analysis of males of the Merodon natans group. A. Scatter plot of individual scores showing the R4+5 vein shape variability. B. Scatter plot of individual scores showing the wing shape variability from Vujić et al. (2021c). C. Scatter plot of individual scores showing the semilandmark R4+5 vein shape and landmark wing shape variability D. Superimposed outline drawings showing R4+5 vein shape differences among males of the investigated species.

Fig. 3. Box plot showing a in An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study

Fig. 3. Box plot showing a comparison of the angle at the intersection of the R4+5 vein and the middle