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31 results for “Microplastic Particles”
Data from: Do microplastic particles affect Daphnia magna at the morphological, life history and molecular level?
Microplastic particles are ubiquitous not only in marine but also in freshwater ecosystems. However, the impacts of microplastics, consisting of a large variety of synthetic polymers, on freshwater organisms remains poorly understood. We examined the effects of two polymer mixtures on the morphology, life history and on the molecular level of the waterflea Daphnia magna (three different clones). Microplastic particles of ~40 µm were supplied at a low concentration (1% of the food particles) leading to an average of ~30 particles in the digestive tract which reflects a high microplastic contamination but still resembles a natural situation. Neither increased mortality nor changes on the morphological (body length, width and tail spine length) or reproductive parameters were observed for adult Daphnia. The analyses of juvenile Daphnia revealed a variety of small and rather subtle responses of morphological traits (body length, width and tail spine length). For adult Daphnia, alterations in expression of genes related to stress responses (i.e. HSP60, HSP70 & GST) as well as of other genes involved in body function and body composition (i.e. SERCA) were observed already 48h after exposure. We anticipate that the adverse effects of microplastic might be influenced by many additional factors like size, shape, type and even age of the particles and that the rather weak effects, as detected in a laboratory, may lead to reduced fitness in a natural multi-stressor environment.
Effect of Microplastic Particles on the Rheological Properties of Human Saliva and Mucus
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Figure 3 in Phytoplankton Exopolymers Enhance Adhesion of Microplastic Particles to Submersed Surfaces
Figure 3. Aggregates of 4.3-µm fluorescent microsphere settled at the bottom of the experimental vessels with Rhodomonas salina (RHO), Tetraselmis suecica (TET) and the reference vessel (CNL) on the fourth day of experiment. Micrographs were obtained in light (top) and fluorescent (bottom) modes. Arrows show organic matrix stained by Alcian Blue. The microspheres fluoresce in green.
Contamination from microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in the digestive tracts of the commercial species Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus
<p><strong>Dataset of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles found on stomach contents of anchovy and sardines in the gulf of Cadiz (Europe)<br> Dataset with date, longitude and latitude, species, area, sub-area, distance to Guadiana river mouth measured in kilometers (Guadiana), distance to Guadalquivir river mouth measured in kilometers (Guadalquivir), distance to the Bay of Cadiz measured in kilometers (Cadiz), distance to Huelva city measured in kilometers (Huelva), Individual, size (Cm), total weight (g), stomach weight (g), Relative condition index (Kn), Gonadosomatic index (GSI), sex, number of fibres and number of “others anthropogenic particles”.</strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Fragments of microplastics (< 5mm) found in commercial species of fish, crustaceans, and bivalves, are an issue of global concern. The bioaccumulation of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in different levels of the food web may provoke unwanted impacts on marine ecosystems and cause pernicious effects on human health. Here, we study the presence of anthropogenic particles and the fraction of microplastics in the target organs of two representative commercial fish species in Spain; the European anchovy (<em>Engraulis encrasicolus</em>) and the European pilchard (<em>Sardina pilchardus</em>). The individuals were sampled along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, from the Bay of Cádiz to Cape Santa Maria. The isolation of the microplastics (MPs) was carried out with a complete alkaline-oxidant organic digestion (KOH-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) of the digestive tract, including both the contents ingested and the muscle tissues. Anthropogenic particles were found in all individuals of both species with an average of 8.94 ± 5.11 items·ind<sup>-1</sup>. Fibres made up 93 % of the items while fragments and films were represented by the remaining 7 %. The average size of the anthropogenic particles was 0.89 ± 0.82 mm. In addition to the fragment and film particles identified as microplastics, 29 % of the fibres were estimated to be microplastics by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The main polymer found in both species was nylon. No significant correlation was found between the abundance and size of anthropogenic particles ingested and individual size or other body variables. The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and the distanced-based multiple linear regression model showed a high homogeneity in anthropogenic particle contamination in both species throughout the study area along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz.</p>
Particle tracking algorithm and additional data for "Optimized and Validated Settling Velocity Measurement for Small Microplastic Particles (10–400 µm)"
<p>This repository provides additional files for in the publication "Optimized and Validated Settling Velocity Measurement for Small Microplastic Particles (10–400 µm)" by Stefan Dittmar, Aki Sebastian Ruhl and Martin Jekel (DOI: <a href="https://www.doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.3c00457">10.1021/acsestwater.3c00457</a>) </p><p>It contains:</p><p>- image processing routine for particle tracking written in Python (<strong>1_particle_tracking_algorithm.zip</strong>)<br>- single particle raw data from settling experiments (<strong>2_settling_data.zip</strong>)<br>- single particle data from appyling empirical model for interactions between settling particles (<strong>3_model_results_data.zip</strong>)<br>- additional video & animated graph referenced in publication or SI (<strong>4_videos.zip</strong>)</p>
Data from: Do microplastic particles affect Daphnia magna at the morphological, life history and molecular level?
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Nano- and Microplastic Particle Lengths and Surface Areas, analyzed with Epifluorescence microscopy, collected aboard two student cruises, SKrillEx I (July 2014) and SKrillEx II (June 2015).
Surface seawater was collected in stainless steel buckets aboard two student cruises, SKrillEx I (July 2014) and SKrillEx II (June 2015). Surface seawater samples were filtered on to 5-µm pore polycarbonate filters, and frozen at sea for later analysis. Once back on land, the frozen transparent polycarbonate (PC) filters were filtered on an all-glass apparatus and then imaged with modified epifluorescence microscopy techniques for microplastic particles. All microplastic particles were analyzed for plastic shape, length, surface area, and fluorescence.
Ingested Nano- and Microplastic Particle Lengths and Surface Areas, dissected from salp guts, analyzed with Epifluorescence microscopy, collected aboard multiple cruises SEAPLEX in 2009, SKrillEx I in 2014, and SKrillEx II in 2015.
Salps were collected on SKrillEx I and II during nightly transects in 202-μm mesh bongo tows, towed to approximately 200 m depth, and samples were preserved in 5% formaldehyde buffered with sodium tetraborate. We also used zooplankton samples collected on the August 2009 SEAPLEX cruise, where samples were collected using a manta net, 333-μm mesh, towed for 15 minutes at the surface, with samples preserved in 5% formaldehyde buffered with sodium tetraborate. Salps were identified to species, life history phase (oozooid or blastozooid), and measured for zooid length. The length of the stomach was measured, noted for degree of fullness, and dissected from each salp. Dissected salp stomachs were cut in half and placed in 15 mL of Milli-Q water for at least 24 hours to soften and release gut contents. The contents were then vacuum-filtered onto 5-μm pore polycarbonate filters with an additional 70 mL of Milli-Q water to aid in filtration. Those filters were analyzed with modified epifluoresecence microscopy techniques for microplastic particles. All microplastic particles were analyzed for plastic shape, length, surface area, and fluorescence.
Nano- and Microplastic Particle Lengths and Surface Areas, analyzed with Epifluorescence microscopy, collected aboard the student cruise on R/V Falkor (2013).
Surface seawater was collected in stainless steel buckets on a transect from Seattle to Honolulu, in October 2013. Surface seawater samples were filtered on to 5-µm pore polycarbonate filters, and frozen at sea for later analysis. Once back on land, the frozen transparent polycarbonate (PC) filters were filtered on an all-glass apparatus and then imaged with modified epifluorescence microscopy techniques for microplastic particles. All microplastic particles were analyzed for plastic shape, length, surface area, and fluorescence.
Effect of microplastic particles on gene expression in Daphnia magna
GEO Series GSE84173. Daphnia magna. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Polystyrene nano- and microplastic particles induce an inflammatory gene expression profile in neural stem cell-derived astrocytes
GEO Series GSE256038. Rattus norvegicus. 32 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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