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GPM Ground Validation Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) OLYMPEX V1

The GPM Ground Validation Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) OLYMPEX dataset was collected by the AMPR instrument flown on the high altitude ER-2 research aircraft from November 9 - December 15, 2015, during the Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX) field campaign conducted at Washington State’s Olympic Peninsula. AMPR is an airborne passive microwave radiometer from which cloud, precipitation, water vapor, wind speed and wind direction can be obtained using advanced algorithms with the 10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz microwave frequency brightness temperatures measured by AMPR. The primary goal of OLYMPEX was to validate rain and snow measurements in midlatitude frontal systems moving from ocean to coast to mountains. AMPR data at the Global Hydrology Resource Center (GHRC) DAAC include netCDF format data files of brightness temperature and PNG browse files of Quality Control Flags and Brightness Temperatures.

GPM GROUND VALIDATION ADVANCED MICROWAVE RADIOMETER RAIN IDENTIFICATION (ADMIRARI) GCPEX V1

The GPM Ground Validation Advanced Microwave Radiometer Rain Identification (ADMIRARI) GCPEx dataset measures brightness temperature at three frequencies (10.7, 21.0 and 36.5 GHz) and at two polarized planes (H & V). The ADMIRIRI retrieval typically provides rain/cloud liquid water path (LWP) and integrated water vapor, and for low water content cases it provides the total LWP and integrated water vapor. The ADMIRARI is a scanning radiometer like its auxiliary active instruments, which include a Micro Rain Radar (MRR) and a cloud lidar, which provide reflectivity profiles and cloud base altitude at the same scanning angle as the ADMIRIRI. This data was collected during the GPM Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) located in Ontario, Canada, January 14, 2012 through February 29, 2012. Reference: http://www2.meteo.uni-bonn.de/admirari.

Sentinel-6A MF Jason-CS L2 Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR-C) NRT Geophysical Parameters

Provides L2 near real time (NRT; 3-hour latency) geophysical information from the Advanced Microwave Radiometer on the Sentinel-6A Michael Freilich spacecraft including surface type, wind speed, water vapor, brightness temperature, sigma0, wet troposphere, and associated quality flags. The data are interpolated to intervals that correspond to altimetry measurements from the Poseidon-4 SAR to supply the geophysical and environmental corrections for altimetry. The S6A NRT product is analogous to the Jason-3 OGDR product.

CLPX-Ground: Ground Based Passive Microwave Radiometer (GBMR-7) Data, Version 1

This data set contains brightness temperature observations of the snow cover at the Local Scale Observation Site (LSOS) of the Cold Land Processes Field Experiment (CLPX) in Fraser, Colorado, USA.

GPM GROUND VALIDATION ADVANCED MICROWAVE PRECIPITATION RADIOMETER (AMPR) IPHEX V2

The GPM Ground Validation Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) IPHEx dataset was acquired by the AMPR instrument flown aboard the high altitude ER-2 aircraft during the IPHEx field campaign in North Carolina from May 1, 2014 through June 14, 2014. The goal of IPHEx was to evaluate the accuracy of satellite precipitation measurements and use the collected data for hydrology models in the region. These files include the Level 2B calibrated and georeferenced brightness temperature for the four AMPR-observed frequencies (10, 19, 37, 85 GHz). These data are archived in a netCDF-4 format that contains the calibrated brightness temperatures in addition to ER-2 aircraft navigation and instrument scene georectification variables. Corresponding browse imagery are also available in JPG format. A set of Python software has been developed for reading, plotting, and providing some additional analysis capabilities.

First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Marine Stratocumulus Microwave Radiometer Data

The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to seek the basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1 - June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.Microwave radiometer with steerable antenna was used for the measurement of column amounts of liquid water in clouds, and precipitable water vapor in the atmosphere. Antenna was directed to the zenith during FIRE I.Operating frequencies: 20.6, 31.65, 90.0 GHzSpatial resolution: 2.5 deg antenna beamwidth (44m @ 1.0 km range)Temporal resolution: 60 secEstimated accuracies Liquid water: +/- 10 percent or better (absolute) Noise level +/- .025 mm Water vapor: 0.08 cm rms relative to radiosonde (Vapor and liquid data retrievals were from 20.6 and 31.65 GHz data only)Radiometer location: San Nicolas Island, northwestern tip 33.27N, 119.58W

GPM GROUND VALIDATION ENVIRONMENT CANADA (EC) PASSIVE MICROWAVE RADIOMETER AND SOIL MOISTURE-TEMPERATURE DATA GCPEX

The GPM Ground Validation Environment Canada (EC) Passive Microwave Radiometer and Soil Moisture-Temperature Data GCPEx dataset is consisted of data during the GPM Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) at the Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments (CARE) site in Ontario, Canada during the winter season 2011-2012. GCPEx addressed shortcomings in the GPM snowfall retrieval algorithm by collecting microphysical properties, associated remote sensing observations, and coordinated model simulations of precipitating snow. Data collected includes microwave brightness temperatures, snow and soil/snow-air interface (ground surface temperatures), soil surface temperatures, and soil volumetric water content. These data were acquired by multiple instruments: a passive microwave radiometer, a water content reflectometer, thermistors, soil moisture probe.

Sentinel-6A MF Jason-CS L2 Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR-C) NTC Geophysical Parameters F08

Provides L2 non-time critical (NTC; 60-day latency) validated geophysical information from the Advanced Microwave Radiometer on the Sentinel-6A Michael Freilich spacecraft including surface type, wind speed, water vapor, brightness temperature, sigma0, wet troposphere, and associated quality flags. The data are interpolated to intervals that correspond to altimetry measurements from the Poseidon-4 SAR to supply the geophysical and environmental corrections for altimetry. The S6A NTC product is analogous to the Jason-3 GDR product.

GHRSST Level 2P Global Near-Real-Time Subskin Sea Surface Temperature version 8.2 (v8.2) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) on the GCOM-W satellite by REMSS

This product provides a near-real-time (NRT) Level-2 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (identified by "_rt_" within the file name) for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, which is derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS). AMSR2 was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Global Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. The NRT SST is made as available as soon as possible, generally within 3 hours latency. The v8.2 supersedes the previous v8a dataset which can be found at https://www.doi.org/10.5067/GHAM2-2TR8A.

GHRSST Level 3U Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature version 8.2 from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on the GCOM-W satellite by REMSS

This product contains a “Final” (Refined) Level-3U Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (currently identified by "v8.2" within the file name) for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, which is derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS). AMSR2 was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Global Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. The “Final” SSTs are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric model National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) Operational Global Analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. The final "v8.2" products will continue to accumulate new swaths (half orbits) until the maps are full, generally within 2 days. The v8.2 L3U SST supersedes the previous v8a dataset which can be found at https://www.doi.org/10.5067/GHAM2-3UR8A.

GHRSST Level 3U Global Near-Real-Time Subskin Sea Surface Temperature version 8a from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on the GCOM-W satellite

GDS2 Version -The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Golbal Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. From about 700 km above the Earth, AMSR2 will provide us highly accurate measurements of the intensity of microwave emission and scattering. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS), providers of these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, performs a detailed processing of AMSR-E instrument data in two stages. The first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) product (identified by "rt" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. This is generally within 3 hours of when the data are recorded. Although suitable for many timely uses the NRT products are not intended to be archive quality. "Final" data (currently identified by "v8" within the file name) are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric mode NCEP FNL analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. The final "v8" products will continue to accumulate new swaths (half orbits) until the maps are full, generally within 2 days.

CAMEX-4 MIPS MICROWAVE PROFILING RADIOMETER V1

The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) Mobile Integrated Profiling System (MIPS) is a mobile atmospheric profiling system. It includes a 915 MHz Doppler profiler, lidar ceilometer, 12 channel microwave profiling radiometer, Doppler Sodar, Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS), Field Mills, and surface observing station. The 12 channel microwave profiling radiometer provides profiles of temperature, water vapor and liquid water and integrated values of water vapor and liquid water from the surface to 10km every ~ 15 minutes. Cloud base temperature is also measured.

First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) ERS-1 Microwave Radiometer Data

The First ISCCP Regional Experiments (FIRE) have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve the basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. To-date, four intensive field-observation (IFO) periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1 - June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.

CAMEX-3 DC-8 Airborne Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (AMMR) V1

The CAMEX-3 DC-8 Airborne Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (AMMR) dataset is a browse-only dataset that consists of plotted digital count measurements collected by the Airborne Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (AMMR) during the third field campaign in the Convection And Moisture EXperiment (CAMEX) series, CAMEX-3. This field campaign took place from August to September 1998 based out of Patrick Air Force Base in Florida, with the purpose of studying the various aspects of tropical cyclones in the region. The AMMR was mounted onboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft. Daily browse files in GIF format are available for August 20, September 2, and September 17, 1998.

GPM Ground Validation Duke Microwave Radiometer (MWR) IPHEx

The GPM Ground Validation Duke Microwave Radiometer (MWR) IPHEx dataset consists of data collected by the MWR, which is a sensitive microwave radiometer that detects the microwave radiances at two frequencies: 23.8 and 31.4 GHz. The measurements are are used to determine the presence of vapor and liquid water molecules in the atmosphere along with other derived parameters. These data were obtained during the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) field experiment, which was held in North Carolina with the goal to characterize warm season orographic precipitation regimes and the relationship between precipitation regimes and hydrologic processes in regions of complex terrain. These data are available for May 1, 2014 through June 15, 2014 and are in netCDF-3 format.

First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) PSU Microwave Radiometer Data

Sentinel-6A MF Jason-CS L2 Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR-C) NTC Geophysical Parameters (Unvalidated) F08

Provides reprocessed L2 non-time critical (NTC; 60-day latency) geophysical information from the Advanced Microwave Radiometer on the Sentinel-6A Michael Freilich spacecraft including surface type, wind speed, water vapor, brightness temperature, sigma0, wet troposphere, and associated quality flags. The data are interpolated to intervals that correspond to altimetry measurements from the Poseidon-4 SAR to supply the geophysical and environmental corrections for altimetry. The S6A NTC product is analogous to the Jason-3 GDR product.

GPM GROUND VALIDATION ADVANCED MICROWAVE PRECIPITATION RADIOMETER (AMPR) MC3E V1

The GPM Ground Validation Advanced Microwave Precipitaiton Radiometer (AMPR) MC3E dataset was collected by the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) instrument, which played a key role in the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E). The AMPR remotely sensed passive microwave signatures of geophysical parameters from an airborne platform. The instrument is a low noise system which provided multi-frequency microwave imagery with high spatial and temporal resolution. AMPR data were collected at a combination of four microwave frequencies (10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz) with two orientations each (Vpol-to-Hpol and Hpol-to-Vpol), which were complimentary to current aircraft and satellite instrumentation. These frequencies are best suited to the study of rain systems, but were also useful to studies of other atmospheric, oceanic, and land surface processes.

SBU Microwave Radiometer (MWR) IMPACTS

The SBU Microwave Radiometer (MWR) IMPACTS dataset consists of microwave radiometer data collected during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S. Atlantic Coast (2020-2023). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. The dataset files are available from January 1, 2023, through March 6, 2023, in netCDF-4 format.

GHRSST Level 3U Global Global Near-Real Subskin Sea Surface Temperature version 8.2 (v8.2) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) on the GCOM-W satellite by REMSS

This product contains a near-real-time (NRT) Level-3U Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (identified by "_rt_" within the file name) for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, which is derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS). AMSR2 was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Global Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. The NRT SST is made as available as soon as possible, generally within 3 hours latency. The v8.2 supersedes the previous v8a dataset which can be found at https://www.doi.org/10.5067/GHAM2-3TR8A.