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821 results for “Middle Jurassic”
Figure S2 in A skeleton from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland illuminates an earlier origin of large pterosaurs
Figure S2. Skull and anterior cervical vertebrae of the new Middle Jurassic pterosaur Dearc sgiathanach visualised by X-ray computed microtomography (manual & machine learning segmentation), Related to Figures 1-3. Manually segmented skull in: (a) dorsal; (b) ventral; (c) right lateral; (d) left lateral; (e) anterior; (f) posterior views. Colour code: yellow – palate & pterygoid; purple – dentary; black – teeth; green – fused dorsal cranial elements; blue – basipterygoid; light blue – dorsal unfused cranial bones. Manually segmented atlas, axis & anterior cervical complex in: (g) lateral; (h) ventral; (i) dorsal views. Cervical close up with schematic line art in: (j) dorsal and (k) ventral views. Colour code: dark yellow – 3rd cervical; cream – atlas & axis. Manually segmented brain and inner ear endocast in: (l) anterior; (m) dorsal; (n) ventral; (o) left lateral views. Colour code [annotated in the figure] channels; dark blue – optic lobes; pink – flocculus; purple – cerebrum & cerebellum; light blue – cranial nerves; WEKA trained machine learning segmentation results (p) in dorsal and ventral (left to right, respectively). Line art of select elements (q) cervical vertebral series in dorsal view, abbreviations: cv# - cervical vertebra; cr - cervical ribs; ns - neural spine; NMS G.2021.6.3 counterslab (r) in ventral orientation, abbreviations: lcv - long caudal vertebra; scv - short caudal vertebra; isc - ischium; ppb - prepubis; sv - sacral vertebra (?); gas - gastralia; sac - sacrum; dv - dorsal vertebra; rib - dorsal ribs; hum - humerus; sc - scapula coracoid; and dorsal view of right humerus (s); abbreviations: hum - humerus; ra - radius; ul - ulna. Comparative size diagram of select non-pterodactyloid humeri (t) [annotated in image]. Scales bars=20 m
Figure 4 in A skeleton from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland illuminates an earlier origin of large pterosaurs
Figure 4. Phylogenetic relationships of the Middle Jurassic pterosaur Dearc sgiathanach and wingspan estimates for Jurassic pterosaurs Strict consensus of most parsimonious trees from phylogenetic analysis, with silhouettes scaled to wingspan (Dearc = ca. 2.0 m) (1), and skull reconstructions of key taxa: (A) Scaphognathus crassirostris (based on GPIB 1304), (B) Dorygnathus banthensis (based on SMNS 55886), (C) Rhamphorhynchus muensteri (based on NHMUK R 37002), (D) Angustinaripterus longicephalus (based on ZDM T8001), and (E) Dearc sgiathanach. Wingspan plot (2): estimated wingspan range for isolated pterosaur remains from the Taynton Limestone collection. See Data S1D for complete element list. (A) NHMUK PV R 36634, (B) GSM 113726, (C) OUM J28352, (D) NHMUK PV R 38016, (E) NHMUK PV R1362, (F) LL12158, (G) NHMUK PV R 40126, (H) NMS G.2021.6.1-4 (Dearc), (I) OUM J23046, (J) OUM J28273, (K) NHM UK PV R 40126 B, (L) OUM J28319, (M) OUM J28307, (N) OUM J28271, (O) OUM J28354, (P) LL12160, (Q) OUM J23047, and (R) MJM L K1995. See Figure S4 and Data S1 and S2.
FIG. 18. — Specimen APVM2 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 18. — Specimen APVM2, caudal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophyse; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 19 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 19. — Representation of the supposed three theropods taxon of the Vaches Noires cliffs with anatomic referred specimen positioning. Indeterminate Allosauroidea (A). Streptospondylus altdorfensis with the probable individual from Oolithes Ferrugineuse de Villers (B). Indeterminate Megalosauroidea distinct from Streptospondylus altdorfensis (C). Scale bars: 1 m.
FIG. 17 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 17. — Indeterminates tetanuran caudal vertebrae of the former Pennetier collection from Callovian or Oxfordian marls. Specimen MPV 2020.1.4 in anterior (A), posterior (B) views. MPV 2020.1.6 specimen in left lateral (C) view. Successive caudal vertebrae MPV 2020.1.4, 8 and 5 in left lateral (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophyse; ri, ridges; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm.
FIG. 16. — Specimen B7 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 16. — Specimen B7, anterior caudal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 15 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 15. — Dorsal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls. Specimen MPV 2020.1.7 (Callovian or Oxfordian marls) in left lateral (A) and ventral (B) views. Specimen MPV V869 (Oxfordian marls), in left lateral? (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: vp, ventral plateau. Scale bars: 5 cm.
FIG. 14. — Specimen B4 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 14. — Specimen B4, dorsal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in left lateral (A) and right lateral (B) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ns, neural spine; pcd, pleurocentral depression; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; spl, supplementary lamina. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 13. — Specimen MPV 2020.1.9 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 13. — Specimen MPV 2020.1.9, first or second dorsal vertebra of an indeterminate Allosauroidea from Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: cpof, centropostzygapophyseal fossa; acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpof, centropostzygapophyseal fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; dp, diapophysis; ls, ligament scar; ns, neural spine; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; plr, pleurocoel; po, postzygapophysis; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, parapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; spof, spinopostzygodiapophyseal fossa. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 11 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 11. — Allosauroidea indet., braincase (B25392) and frontals (APVM1). Braincase in anterior view (A); frontals in posterior view (B); associated specimens B25392 and APVM1 in dorsal (C) and right lateral (D) views. Abbreviations: fm, foramen magnum; pr, parietal; frr, frontal remains on B25392. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 10 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 10. — Allosauroidea indet., right maxilla (MPV 2020.1.1), in lateral (A), medial (B) and dorsal (C) views. Details of mesial denticles from a replacement tooth of the second alveoli in lingual view (D). Abbreviations: aof, antorbital fossa; aor, antorbital ridge; amp, anteromedial process; pmr, promaxillary recess. Scale bar: A-C, 5 cm; D, 1 mm.
FIG. 9 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 9. — Allosauroidea indet., left maxilla and dentary (A1). Tentative positioning of A1 specimen in an "allosauroid like" skull (A); maxillary in dorsal view (A) and interpretative drawing (C). Abbreviations: amp, anteromedial process; man, maxillary antrum; pmf, promaxillary fossa; pmr, promaxillary recess; poas, postantral strut; pras, preantral strut. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 8 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 8. — Allosauroidea indet., left maxilla and dentary in occlusion (A1), lower Oxfordian Marnes de Villers, in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; mesial denticles of the fourth maxillary tooth in lateral view (C); mesial denticles of the second dentary tooth in lingual view (D); apex of the third dentary replacement tooth in lingual view (E). Abbreviations: aof, antorbital fossa; aor, antorbital ridge; amp, anteromedial process; dt, dentary tooth; mg, Meckelian groove; mt, maxillary tooth. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C-E, 1 mm.
FIG. 7. — Specimen MPV 2020.1.2 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 7. — Specimen MPV 2020.1.2, proximal end of left tibia of?Streptospondylus altdorfensis from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), medial (B), proximal (C), lateral (D), posterior (E) views. Abbreviations: cnc, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; ict, incisura tibialis. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 3. — Specimen MNHN.F.RJN471 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 3. — Specimen MNHN.F.RJN471, right femur of an indeterminate Megalosauridae from H14 level of Marnes de Villers, in anterior (A) and lateral (B) views; proximal end in proximal view (C); distal end in proximal (D), medial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: eg, extensor groove; gt, great trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; lt, lesser trochanter; mc, medial condyle; mdc, mesiodistal crest. Scale bar: 10 cm.
FIG. 6 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 6. — Dorsal vertebrae of Streptospondylus altdorfensis from Vaches Noires cliffs. Specimen MNHN.F.RJN82 of the type specimen of Streptospondylus altdorfensis in right lateral (A) and ventral (B) views. Specimen MPV 2020.1.10 (Callovian or Oxfordian marls) in right lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Specimen B5 (Oolithes Ferrugineuse de Villers), in right lateral (E) and ventral (F) views. Abbreviations:ddpc, double pleurocentral depression; vp, ventral plateau.Scale bars:5 cm.
FIG. 4 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 4. —?Streptospondylus altdorfensis, anterior cervical vertebra (MPV 2020.1.11), Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: ags, Actinostreon gregareum shell; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ns, neural spine; plr, pleurocoele; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; pp, parapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; spof, spinopostzygodiapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapohyseal fossa. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 1 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 1. — Vaches Noires cliffs synthetic log with studied specimen position. Grey interval indicates unclear provenance; dotted line is for easily recognizable Oolithes Ferrugineuse de Villers (modified from Dugué et al. 1998).
FIG. 2 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 2. — Megalosauroidea indet., left premaxilla (B1), Oolithes Ferrugineuses de Villers, in lateral (A), medial (B) and posterior (C) views. Distal denticles of a replacement tooth of the first alveoli in lingual view (D). Abbreviations: snf, subnarial foramen. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, 1 mm.
FIG. 5. — Specimen MNHN.F.RJN472 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)
FIG. 5. — Specimen MNHN.F.RJN472, anterior dorsal vertebra of Streptospondylus altdorfensis from Oolithes Ferrugineuse de Villers, in left lateral (A), posterior (B), dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: pcd, pleurocentral depression; pp, parapophysis; vp, ventral plateau. Scale bar: 5 cm.
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OpenNeuro
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