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67 results for “Mimulus guttatus”
Severe inbreeding depression is predicted by the “rare allele load” in Mimulus guttatus
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Data from: The role of breakpoint mutations, supergene effects, and ancient nested rearrangements in the evolution of adaptive chromosome inversions in the yellow monkey flower, Mimulus guttatus
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A cline within an ecotype of the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus
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Data from: Adaptive divergence in the monkey flower Mimulus guttatus is maintained by a chromosomal inversion
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Data from: Major QTL controls adaptation to serpentine soils in Mimulus guttatus
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Data from: Dissecting the role of a large chromosomal inversion in life history divergence throughout the Mimulus guttatus species complex
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Data for: The climatic variability hypothesis and trade–offs in thermal performance in coastal and inland populations of Mimulus guttatus
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Data from: Heatwaves decrease fitness and alter maternal provisioning in natural populations of Mimulus guttatus
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Data from: The genetic architecture of local adaptation and reproductive isolation in sympatry within the Mimulus guttatus species complex
The genetic architecture of local adaptation has been of central interest to evolutionary biologists since the modern synthesis. In addition to classic theory on the effect size of adaptive mutations by Fisher, Kimura and Orr, recent theory addresses the genetic architecture of local adaptation in the face of ongoing gene flow. This theory predicts that with substantial gene flow between populations local adaptation should proceed primarily through mutations of large effect or tightly linked clusters of smaller effect loci. In this study, we investigate the genetic architecture of divergence in flowering time, mating system-related traits, and leaf shape between Mimulus laciniatus and a sympatric population of its close relative M. guttatus. These three traits are probably involved in M. laciniatus' adaptation to a dry, exposed granite outcrop environment. Flowering time and mating system differences are also reproductive isolating barriers making them 'magic traits'. Phenotypic hybrids in this population provide evidence of recent gene flow. Using next-generation sequencing, we generate dense SNP markers across the genome and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in flowering time, flower size and leaf shape. We find that interspecific divergence in all three traits is due to few QTL of large effect including a highly pleiotropic QTL on chromosome 8. This QTL region contains the pleiotropic candidate gene TCP4 and is involved in ecologically important phenotypes in other Mimulus species. Our results are consistent with theory, indicating that local adaptation and reproductive isolation with gene flow should be due to few loci with large and pleiotropic effects.
Data from: Is local adaptation in Mimulus guttatus caused by trade-offs at individual loci?
Local adaptation is considered to be the result of fitness trade-offs for particular phenotypes across different habitats. However, it is unclear whether such phenotypic trade-offs exist at the level of individual genetic loci. Local adaptation could arise from trade-offs of alternative alleles at individual loci or by complementary sets of loci with different fitness effects of alleles in one habitat but selective neutrality in the alternative habitat. To evaluate the genome-wide basis of local adaptation, we performed a field-based quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping experiment on recombinant inbred lines (RILs) created from coastal perennial and inland annual races of the yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) grown reciprocally in native parental habitats. Overall, we detected 19 QTLs affecting one or more of 16 traits measured in two environments, most of small effect. We identified 15 additional QTL effects at two previously identified candidate QTLs (DIVERGENCE [DIV]). Significant QTL by environment interactions were detected at the DIV loci, which was largely attributable to genotypic differences at a single field site. We found no detectable evidence for trade-offs for any one component of fitness, although DIV2 showed a trade-off involving different fitness traits between sites, suggesting that local adaptation is largely controlled by non-overlapping loci. This is surprising for an outcrosser, implying that reduced gene flow prevents the evolution of individuals adapted to multiple environments. We also determined that native genotypes were not uniformly adaptive, possibly reflecting fixed mutational load in one of the populations.
Data from: Mechanisms of a locally adaptive shift in allocation among growth, reproduction, and herbivore resistance in Mimulus guttatus
Environmental gradients can drive adaptive evolutionary shifts in plant resource allocation among growth, reproduction, and herbivore resistance. However, few studies have attempted to connect these adaptations to underlying physiological and genetic mechanisms. Here, we evaluate potential mechanisms responsible for a coordinated locally adaptive shift between growth, reproduction, and herbivore defense in the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus. Through manipulative laboratory experiments we found that gibberellin (GA) growth hormones may play a role in the developmental divergence between perennial and annual ecotypes of M. guttatus. Further, we detected an interaction between a locally adaptive chromosomal inversion, DIV1, and GA addition. This finding is consistent with the inversion contributing to the evolutionary divergence between inland annual and coastal perennial ecotypes by reducing GA biosynthesis/activity in perennials. Finally, we found evidence that the DIV1 inversion is partially responsible for a coordinated shift in the divergence of growth, reproduction, and herbivore resistance traits between coastal perennial and inland annual M. guttatus. The inversion has already been established to have a substantial impact on the life-history shift between long-term growth and rapid reproduction. Here, we demonstrate that the DIV1 inversion also has sizable impacts on both the total abundance and composition of phytochemical compounds involved in herbivore resistance.
Data from: Divergent population structure and climate associations of a chromosomal inversion polymorphism across the Mimulus guttatus species complex
Chromosomal rearrangement polymorphisms are common and increasingly found to be associated with adaptive ecological divergence and speciation. Rearrangements, such as inversions, reduce recombination in heterozygous individuals and thus can protect favorable allelic combinations at linked loci, facilitating their spread in the presence of gene flow. Recently, we identified a chromosomal inversion polymorphism that contributes to ecological adaptation and reproductive isolation between annual and perennial ecotypes of the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus. Here we evaluate the population genetic structure of this inverted region in comparison with the collinear regions of the genome across the M. guttatus species complex. We tested whether annual and perennial M. guttatus exhibit different patterns of divergence for loci in the inverted and noninverted regions of the genome. We then evaluated whether there are contrasting climate associations with these genomic regions through redundancy analysis. We found that the inversion exhibits broadly different patterns of divergence among annual and perennial M. guttatus and is associated with environmental variation across population accessions. This study is the first widespread population genetic survey of the diversity of the M. guttatus species complex. Our findings contribute to a greater understanding of morphological, ecological, and genetic evolutionary divergence across this highly diverse group of closely related ecotypes and species. Finally, understanding species relationships among M. guttatus sp. has hitherto been stymied by accumulated evidence of substantial gene flow among populations as well as designated species. Nevertheless, our results shed light on these relationships and provide insight into adaptation in life history traits within the complex.
Patterns of hybrid seed inviability in perennials of the Mimulus guttatus sp. complex reveal a potential role of parental conflict in reproductive isolation
<p>Genomic conflicts may play a central role in the evolution of reproductive barriers. Theory predicts that early-onset hybrid inviability may stem from conflict between parents for resource allocation to offspring. <span>Here we describe <i>M. decorus;</i> a group of cryptic species within the <i>M. guttatus </i>species complex that are largely reproductively isolated by hybrid seed inviability (HSI). HSI between <i>M. guttatus </i>and <i>M. decorus </i>is common and strong, but populations of <i>M. decorus </i>vary in the magnitude and directionality of HSI with <i>M. guttatus</i>. Patterns of HSI between <i>M. guttatus </i>and <i>M. decorus, </i>as well as within <i>M. decorus </i>conform to the predictions of parental conflict: firstly, reciprocal F1s exhibit size differences and parent-of-origin specific endosperm defects, secondly the extent of asymmetry between reciprocal F1 seed size is correlated with asymmetry in HSI, and lastly, inferred differences in the extent of conflict predict the extent of HSI between populations. We also find that HSI is rapidly evolving, as populations that exhibit the most HSI are each others' closest relative. Lastly, while all populations are largely outcrossing, we find that the differences in the inferred strength of conflict scale positively with </span><span>p</span><span>, suggesting that demographic or life history factors may influence the rate of parental conflict driven evolution. Overall, these patterns suggest the rapid evolution of parent-of-origin specific resource allocation alleles coincident with HSI within and between <i>M. guttatus </i>and <i>M. decorus. </i>Parental conflict may therefore be an important evolutionary driver of reproductive isolation. </span></p>
Data from: Inbreeding depression changes with stress response over time in flooded Mimulus guttatus
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Inbreeding usually reduces offspring fitness (‘inbreeding depression’, ID), and may affect the plasticity of functional traits involved in the response to stress. ID is often found to increase under stress, but there are also reports of no effects or even a reduction of ID under stress. One reason for this variation that has received little attention may be related to different concepts of stress. In particular, the magnitude of ID may be unrelated to the effect of an environment on fitness (evolutionary stress concept), but increase particularly during the ‘alarm phase’ after a stress has been initiated (physiological stress concept). We clonally replicated inbred and outbred <em>Mimulus guttatus</em> plants, for which ID was known to increase under flooding. We exposed the clonal replicates to control and flooding conditions and harvested replicates of each genotype after two, six and 11 weeks of growth. As functional traits related to stress response we measured chlorophyll fluorescence, root mass and the production of stolons and adventitious roots. As fitness estimates we measured biomass and flower number, and we pollinated a subset of plants and grew a second generation of plants under control and flooding conditions to calculate multiplicative fitness. Overall, <em>M. guttatus</em> proved to be very flooding-tolerant. Chlorophyll fluorescence (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>) was not influenced by flooding, but decreased with leaf age and increased after fertilization. At the end of the experiment, biomass and flower number (F<sub>1</sub> generation) as well as multiplicative fitness (including performance in the F<sub>2</sub> generation) were even higher under flooding than under control conditions. Flooding reduced the root mass in the pots, but increased the production of stolons and floating roots. Plasticity in these traits can be regarded as beneficial, although selection gradient analysis failed to identify plasticity in stolon number as adaptive. Only two functional traits were influenced by an interaction between flooding and inbreeding, early stolon length (suggesting a reduced flooding escape response of inbred plants) and root tissue density of floating adventitious roots (suggesting a reduced aeration of the roots of inbred offspring). ID in fitness-related traits was higher under flooding, but its magnitude changed strongly over the course of the experiment. ID under flooding was particularly high after two weeks (δ = 0.42 vs. 0.05 in the control), suggesting sensitivity of inbred plants to the initiation of flooding (‘alarm phase’ of stress response). This effect had disappeared after 6 weeks when plants had acclimated to ongoing flooding. However, under flooding ID increased again after 11 weeks, this time because outbred plants grew much better under flooded than control conditions, and the same pattern was found for the multiplicative fitness function (δ = 0.68 under flooding vs. 0.36 in the control). Our results suggest that ID was higher under flooding, but not because this environment was generally more stressful. Instead, at an early stage ID increased because inbred offspring was more sensitive to the physiological stress after the initiation of flooding (‘alarm phase’), whereas at a late stage ID increased because outbred offspring was more capable of exploiting the favourable flooding conditions. In general, our results show that phenotypic plasticity may often be robust against the effects of inbreeding. Moreover, ID may increase in particular under conditions of physiological stress, during which many stress-specific genes are expressed, whereas ID may not necessarily increase under constant poor conditions that reduce fitness, even if the stress is very strong in the evolutionary sense.</p>
Data from: Population responses to a historic drought across the range of the common monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus)
<p>This dataset contains both metadata and phenotype data for both of the resurrections experiments described in Kooyers et al. 2020. Datasets are uploaded as .csv files. Please read the readme files for descriptions of the data in each .csv file.</p>
Figure 2 in An annotated checklist of the herbivores and seed predators of Mimulus guttatus
Figure 2. Herbivore richness in surveys and literature records of animals feeding on Mimulus guttatus. (a). Species richness for different regions of M. guttatus range WNA = western North America, UK = United Kingdom, ENA = eastern North America. (b). Species richness between different major groups. (c). Insect species richness of insect orders. (d). Insect species richness for insect families.
Figure 1 in An annotated checklist of the herbivores and seed predators of Mimulus guttatus
Figure 1. Field damage and herbivores on Mimulus guttatus. (a). Leaf mining damage (Chromatomyia sp.) from an Alaskan plant. (b). Aphids attack a plant in California USA. (c). Philaenus spumarius feeding along with signs of caterpillar damage on a plant from New Brunswick Canada. (d). Deer feeding damage from plant in Michigan USA. (e). Sawfly larvae feeding on a flower in Scotland United Kingdom. (f). A very photogenic horse feeding on whole plants in England United Kingdom.
Data from: Is local adaptation in Mimulus guttatus caused by trade-offs at individual loci?
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Data from: Genomics of invasion: diversity and selection in introduced populations of monkeyflowers (Mimulus guttatus)
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Data from: An ultraviolet floral polymorphism associated with life history drives pollinator discrimination in Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae)
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