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FIG. 6 in Hungry for fruit? - A case study on the ecology of middle Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia)

FIG. 6. — Bivariate plot with raw number of scratches versus raw number of pits in Micromeryx flourensianus Lartet, 1851 from Sansan () and Steinheim am Albuch (), in M.? eiselei Aiglstorfer, Costeur, Mennecart & Heizmann, 2017 (), and in Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus, 1758 () plotted in reference to extant leaf dominated ungulate browsers (B), and extant grazers (G) at 35 times magnification (extant comparative data from Semprebon 2002 and Solounias & Semprebon 2002). Gaussian confidence ellipses (p = 0.95) on the centroid are indicated for the extant leaf browsers and grazers (convex hulls) adjusted by sample size.

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FIG. 2 in Hungry for fruit? - A case study on the ecology of middle Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia)

FIG. 2. — Geographic position of the middle Miocene localities Sansan (France) and Steinheim am Albuch (Germany); palinspastic map for the middle Miocene in Central and Western Europe modified after Neubauer et al. (2015).

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FIG. 1 in Hungry for fruit? - A case study on the ecology of middle Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia)

FIG. 1. — Life reconstruction of Micromeryx Lartet, 1851 (based on male skeleton of Micromeryx? eiselei Aiglstorfer, Costeur, Mennecart & Heizmann, 2017; © SMNS).

FIG. 6. — Cynelos stenos n in A new species of the amphicyonid carnivore Cynelos Jourdan, 1862 from the early Miocene of North America

FIG. 6. — Cynelos stenos n. sp., UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Palatal view of the cranium with right P2-M3 (broken P1) and left P3-M3, partial P2, and P1 alveolus. Plant roots have eroded the enamel on the right M1-M2. Scale bar: 3 cm.

FIG. 5. — Cynelos stenos n in A new species of the amphicyonid carnivore Cynelos Jourdan, 1862 from the early Miocene of North America

FIG. 5. — Cynelos stenos n. sp., UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Right and left associated mandibles. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 2 in A new species of the amphicyonid carnivore Cynelos Jourdan, 1862 from the early Miocene of North America

FIG. 2. — Dental measurements for species of the amphicyonid Cynelos Jourdan, 1862. Abbreviations: a, greatest length of p4; b, m1 trigonid length from mesial edge of paraconid to central distal base of protoconid; c, greatest length of m1; d, greatest width of the m1 talonid (also for m2); e, greatest width of the m1 trigonid (also for m2); f, distal width of p4 (and for p2-p3).

FIG. 1 in A new species of the amphicyonid carnivore Cynelos Jourdan, 1862 from the early Miocene of North America

FIG. 1. — Dental measurements for species of the amphicyonid Cynelos Jourdan, 1862. Abbreviations: a, greatest length of P4 from mesial base of paracone to distal limit of metastylar blade; b, greatest width of P4 from lingual border of protocone to labial base of paracone; c, greatest labial length of M2; d, greatest M2 width from paracone to lingual cingulum; e, greatest labial length of M1; f, greatest M1 width from paracone to lingual cingulum.

FIG. 9 in A new species of the amphicyonid carnivore Cynelos Jourdan, 1862 from the early Miocene of North America

FIG. 9. — Bivariate graph of m1 dimensions (in mm) of Cynelos helbingi (Dehm, 1950) (Wintershof-West, southern Germany) relative to m1 of Cynelos stenos n. sp. (UNSM 44723, western Nebraska). Cynelos helbingi measurements from Dehm (1950).

FIG. 8 in A new species of the amphicyonid carnivore Cynelos Jourdan, 1862 from the early Miocene of North America

FIG. 8. — Variation in size and occlusal form of m1, m2, and m3 of Cynelos helbingi (Dehm, 1950), Wintershof-West, southern Germany (from Dehm 1950: figs 18, 21-25): A, B, holotype m1-m2 of the species, occlusal and lingual views (12293); C, D, large m1 in occlusal and labial views (12315); E, F, small m1, occlusal and labial views (12338); G, right m2, intermediate size (12842); H, right m2, large (12836); I, left m2, small (12834), all m2s in occlusal view. Catalog numbers from Sammlung München 1937 II. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 4. — Cynelos stenos n in A new species of the amphicyonid carnivore Cynelos Jourdan, 1862 from the early Miocene of North America

FIG. 4. — Cynelos stenos n. sp., UNSM 44723, Runningwater Formation, Runningwater Quarry (early Hemingfordian), Box Butte Co., Nebraska. Cranium in dorsal view. Note the narrow cranium, constricted rostrum, broad frontal region, and tall thin sagittal crest above the small braincase. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 7 in A new species of the amphicyonid carnivore Cynelos Jourdan, 1862 from the early Miocene of North America

FIG. 7. — Variation in size and occlusal form of P4, M1, and M2 of Cynelos helbingi (Dehm, 1950), Wintershof-West, southern Germany (from Dehm 1950: figs 29, 30; 35-37, 39): A, P4 mesial border indented, protocone prominent (12395); B, P4 mesial border not indented, protocone recessed (12387); C, large M1, labial border long (12347); D, small M1(12361); E, M2, mesial border straight, metacone reduced (12376); F, M2, mesial border irregular, metacone not as reduced (12379). Catalog numbers from Sammlung München 1937 II. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 8 in A skull of Machairodus Kaup, 1833 (Felidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Hadjidimovo (Bulgaria), and its place in the evolution of the genus

FIG. 8. — Scatterplot of P4 length vs P4 width in Machairodus Kaup, 1833 and Homotherium Fabrini, 1890. Data as for Figures 4 and 5, plus: Alcalà 1994; Bonis 1984; Peigné 2016; Pons-Moyá 1987; Sotnikova 1989; Turner 1987.

FIG. 10 in A skull of Machairodus Kaup, 1833 (Felidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Hadjidimovo (Bulgaria), and its place in the evolution of the genus

FIG. 10. — Scatterplot of p3 length vs m1 length. Data as for Figures 4 to 9, plus Orlov 1936; Peigné et al. 2005; Rook et al. 1991; Sotnikova et al. 2002; Sardella & Werdelin 2007.

FIG. 9 in A skull of Machairodus Kaup, 1833 (Felidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Hadjidimovo (Bulgaria), and its place in the evolution of the genus

FIG. 9. — Scatterplot of lower canine length vs lower canine width in Machairodus Kaup,1833 and Homotherium Fabrini,1890. The values for Hadjidimovo are taken from the root, and may be slightly underestimated. Data as for Figures 4 to 8, plus Hemmer 2001; Lungu 1978; Morales & Soria 1979; Sotnikova & Titov 2009.

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Figure 2 in A new termite bug in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Hemiptera, Termitaphididae)

Figure 2. Termitaradus mitnicki sp. n. (KU DR-023), photomicrograph of female holotype, ventral aspect showing genitalia (length of specimen 5.8 mm).

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Figure 3 in The first fossil leptofoenine wasp (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae): A new species of Leptofoenus in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic

Figure 3. Leptofoenus pittfieldae Engel sp. n. (KU DR-019), photomicrograph of male holotype (length of specimen 8.8 mm).

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Figures 4-5 in The first fossil leptofoenine wasp (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae): A new species of Leptofoenus in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic

Figures 4-5. Photomicrographs of holotype male of Leptofoenus pittfieldae Engel sp. n. (KU DR-019). 4 Detail of lateral surface of pronotum showing posterior striolate region. 5 Basal third of forewing showing sclerotized spot and distribution of setae along M+Cu and within basal cell.

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Figures 1-2 in The first fossil leptofoenine wasp (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae): A new species of Leptofoenus in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic

Figures 1-2. Photomicrographs of representative modern Leptofoenus species and lateral aspects of their pronota. 1 Leptofoenus rufus LaSalle and Stage, female. 2 Leptofoenus stephanoides (Roman), male. Specimens from the collection of the Division of Entomology, University of Kansas Natural History Museum.

FIG. 6 in A new hypercarnivorous mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Batallones, late Miocene (MN10), Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain

FIG. 6. — Stereo view of the right m1 BAT-5'10.G14.129 of Circamustela peignei n. sp. from Batallones-5: A, buccal view; B, lingual view; C, occlusal view; D, mesial view; E, distal view. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIG. 8 in A new hypercarnivorous mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Batallones, late Miocene (MN10), Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain

FIG. 8. — Bivariate plot of the length (L) and with (W) of the M1 of Neogene martens. The linear regression a' (r2 = 0.73) is defined by relatively hypercarnivorous martens, characterized by short M1 talon and comprise Circamustela spp., and Sinictis. The linear regression b' (r2 = 0.75) is defined by more generalist taxa, characterized by longer M1 talon, comprising Pekania Gray, 1865, Paramartes Kretzoi, 1952 and Martes Pinel, 1792. The values are given in mm. Abbreviations: r2, coefficient of determination. M1s pictures are showed scaled between them. Sources: Zdansky (1924); Viret (1951); Mein (1958); Petter (1976); Schmidt-Kittler (1995); Morlo (1997); Montoya et al. (2011); Wang et al. 2012; Peigné (2012); Samuels & Cavin (2013).