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43 results for “Mixed-species flocks”
Figure 3 in Patterns of species participation across multiple mixed-species flock types in a tropical forest in northeastern India
Figure 3. Foraging method groups in (A) core and (B) regular attendant species. Core species in both understorey and canopy mixed-species flocks showed a relatively heterogeneous representation of different foraging method groups compared with attendant species.
Figure 1 in Patterns of species participation across multiple mixed-species flock types in a tropical forest in northeastern India
Figure 1. Cluster dendrogram of mixed-species bird flocks showing three distinct flock types, namely understorey flocks, canopy flocks and flocks composed of large-bodied bird species. Each "tip" represents a mixed-species flock.
Data from: Responses of interspecific associations in mixed-species bird flocks to selective logging
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Data from: Multicontinental community phylogenetics of avian mixed-species flocks reveal the role of the stability of associations and of kleptoparasitism
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Functional trait table for mixed-species flocking birds in the Western Andes of Colombia
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Data from: Interaction networks of avian mixed-species flocks along elevation in the tropical Andes
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Data from: What can mixed-species flock movement tell us about the value of Amazonian secondary forests? insights from spatial behavior
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Multiple factors affect discrimination learning performance, but not between-individual variation, in wild mixed-species flocks of birds
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Data from: Temperature and vegetation complexity structure mixed-species flocks along a gradient of elevation in the tropical Andes
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Data from: The response of mixed-species bird flocks to anthropogenic disturbance and elevational variation in southwest China
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Data from: Bird mixed-species flock formation is driven by low temperatures between and within seasons in a Subtropical Andean-foothill forest
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Data from: Positive relationships between association strength and phenotypic similarity characterize the assembly of mixed-species bird flocks worldwide
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Data from: Does mixed-species flocking influence how birds respond to a gradient of land-use intensity?
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Data for: Interspecific competition and facilitation coexist in mixed-species bird flocks of montane coniferous forests in Taiwan
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Data from: Variation in chick-a-dee call sequences, not in the fine structure of chick-a-dee calls, influences mobbing behaviour in mixed-species flocks
When animals vocalize under the threat of predation, variation in the structure of calls can play a vital role in survival. The chick-a-dee calls of chickadees and titmice provide a model system for studying communication in such contexts. In previous studies, birds' responses to chick-a-dee calls covaried with call structure, but also with unmeasured and correlated parameters of the calling sequence, including duty cycle (the proportion of the calling sequence when a signal was present). In this study, we exposed flocks of Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and heterospecific birds to playback of chick-a-dee calls and taxidermic models of predators. We quantified birds' responses to variation in number of D-notes and duty cycle of the signalling sequence. Chickadees and heterospecific birds responded more intensely to high-duty-cycle treatments, and equally to treatments where duty cycle was held constant and the number of D-notes varied. Although our study does not disentangle the effects of call rate and duty cycle, it is the first to investigate independently the behavioural responses of birds to variation in structural and sequence-level parameters of the chick-a-dee call during a predator confrontation. Critically, our results confirm that the pattern previously observed in a feeding context holds true in a mobbing context: variation in calling sequences, not in call structure, is the salient acoustic feature of chick-a-dee calls. These results call into question the idea that chick-a-dee call structure carries allometric information about predator size, suggesting instead that sequence-level parameters play a central role in communication in a mobbing context.
Data from: Are vocal characteristics related to leadership patterns in mixed-species bird flocks?
What structures the organization of mixed-species bird flocks, so that some 'nuclear' species lead the flocks, and others follow? Previous research has shown that species actively listen to each other, and that leaders are gregarious; such gregarious species tend to make contact calls and hence may be vocally conspicuous. Here we investigated whether vocal characteristics are associated with leadership, using a global dataset of mixed-species flock studies and recordings from sound archives. We first asked whether leaders are different from following or occasional species in flocks in the proportion of the recordings that contain calls (n=58 flock studies, 145 species), and especially alarm calls (n=111 species). We found that leaders tended to have a higher proportion of their vocalizations that were calls than occasional species, and both leaders and following species had a significantly higher proportion of their calls rated as alarms compared to occasional species. Next, we investigated the acoustic characteristics of flock participants' calls, hypothesizing that leaders would make more calls, and have less silence on the recordings. We also hypothesized that leaders' calls would be simple acoustically, as contact calls tend to be, and thus similar to each other, as well as being detectable, in being low frequency and high bandwidth. The analysis (n=45 species, 169 recordings) found that only one of these predictions was supported: leading species were less often silent than following or occasional species. Unexpectedly, leaders' calls were less similar to each other than occasional species. The greater amount of information available and the greater variety of that information support the hypothesis that leadership in flocks is related to vocal communication. We highlight the use of sound archives to ask questions about behavioral and community ecology, while acknowledging some limitations of such studies.
Mixed-species flocking is associated with low arthropod detectability and increased foraging efficiency by Yungas forest birds in Argentina
<p class="CuerpoB"><span>Mixed-species flocks presumably provide birds with antipredator and foraging benefits. The foraging benefits hypothesis predicts that a reduction in arthropod abundance will trigger flocking activity; however, flocking activity may also be influenced by the difficulty of detecting arthropods, a seldom explored possibility. We found that environmental traits (temperature and foliage density) combined with arthropod abundance explained arthropod detection by birds in the Yungas foothill forest of NW Argentina. Prey detection was inversely related to ambient temperature and foliage density while positively associated with arthropod abundance. Based on this result, we built a </span><span>structural equation model </span><span>using a latent proxy variable for arthropod detectability, arthropod crypsis, integrating ambient temperature, foliage density, and proportion of immature arthropods. This model allowed us to compare the relative importance of arthropod abundance and the difficulty in detecting prey items as predictors of flocking propensity. After two years of studying 129 mixed-species flocks, 1,344 bird foraging sequences, and 25,591 arthropod captures,</span> <span>we found that the flocking propensity of birds was only significantly correlated with arthropod detectability and not with arthropod abundance. </span>Flocking propensity peaked when the arthropod community was comprised of proportionately more immature and non-flying arthropods, the temperature was low, and the foliage cover was more dense; all factors are contributing to a low arthropod detectability. <span>Finally, we evaluated whether joining mixed-species flocks provided foraging benefits such as increased foraging efficiency. Individuals benefited from joining flocks by an average increase of their prey-capture attempt rate of 40%, while the search rate increased by 16%. Our results add a new perspective on the drivers of mixed-species flocking by showing that the capacity to find prey items may have a more significant effect than prey abundance per se.</span></p>
Data from: Are vocal characteristics related to leadership patterns in mixed-species bird flocks?
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Data from: Variation in chick-a-dee call sequences, not in the fine structure of chick-a-dee calls, influences mobbing behaviour in mixed-species flocks
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Mixed-species flocking is associated with low arthropod detectability and increased foraging efficiency by Yungas forest birds in Argentina
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.