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47 results for “Monochamus”
Figure 3 in A new unique species of Mucroseius Lindquistı 1962 (Acari: Mesostigmata: Melicharidae) mites associated with sawyer beetles (Cerambycidae: Monochamus Dejeanı 1821) from the Palaearctic Region
Figure 3. Mucroseius insolitus sp. nov., female. (a–c) variety of shape of epistome; (d) subcapitulum and palp (from trochanter to genu), ventral view; (e) palptibia and palptarsus, dorsal view; (f) chelicera, lateral view. Scale bar: 50 μm.
Data from: The impact of climate change on the potential distribution of agricultural pests: the case of the coffee white stem borer (Monochamus leuconotus P.) in Zimbabwe
The production of agricultural commodities faces increased risk of pests, diseases and other stresses due to climate change and variability. This study assesses the potential distribution of agricultural pests under projected climatic scenarios using evidence from the African coffee white stem borer (CWB), Monochamus leuconotus (Pascoe) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an important pest of coffee in Zimbabwe. A species distribution modeling approach utilising Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) was applied on current and projected climate data obtained from the WorldClim database and occurrence data (presence and absence) collected through on-farm biological surveys in Chipinge, Chimanimani, Mutare and Mutasa districts in Zimbabwe. Results from both the BRT and GLM indicate that precipitation-related variables are more important in determining species range for the CWB than temperature related variables. The CWB has extensive potential habitats in all coffee areas with Mutasa district having the largest model average area suitable for CWB under current and projected climatic conditions. Habitat ranges for CWB will increase under future climate scenarios for Chipinge, Chimanimani and Mutare districts while it will decrease in Mutasa district. The highest percentage change in area suitable for the CWB was for Chimanimani district with a model average of 49.1% (3 906 ha) increase in CWB range by 2080. The BRT and GLM predictions gave similar predicted ranges for Chipinge, Chimanimani and Mutasa districts compared to the high variation in current and projected habitat area for CWB in Mutare district. The study concludes that suitable area for CWB will increase significantly in Zimbabwe due to climate change and there is need to develop adaptation mechanisms.
Insecticidal activity of Beauveria bassiana against Monochamus alternatus adults
<p><em><span>Monochamus alternatus</span></em><span> is a major forest pest that spreads pine wilt disease in pine trees as a vector of pine wilt nematodes. Chemical insecticides used as fumigants to control overwintering <em>M. alternatus</em> in forests are highly toxic to the environment, so we investigated entomopathogenic fungus <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> ERL836 as an eco-friendly and alternative material to control overwintering <em>M. alternatus</em>. In this work, we evaluated the insecticidal activity of <em>B. bassiana</em> ERL836 against <em>M. alternatus</em> adults, the possibility of fungal colonization on pine tree bark, and finally the control efficacy of fungal pre-treatment on pine tree logs against emerging M. alternatus adults in semi-field and field conditions. <em>M. alternatus</em> adults were killed on the pine trees logs pre-treated with the <em>B. bassiana</em> ERL836. White conidia were observed not only on the surface of the dead adults but also on the pine tree logs, suggesting that the adults were killed by the fungus on the pine. A formulated ERL836 powder treatment on larvae-infested pine logs showed high insecticidal activity against adults, similar to that with the fungal powder suspension treatment, but we demonstrated that using the fungal powder was simpler than using the suspension in field conditions. Even in the field condition, the fungal powder treatment showed high insecticidal activity against <em>M. alternatus</em> adults, which we attribute to its ability to maintain fungal activity for a long time in field conditions by covering the pine tree logs with a film during overwintering. We confirmed that the risk that fungus-infected <em>M. alternatus</em> adults would spread the fungus to other non-target forest insects was low. Thus, even a high-concentration treatment in a specific area is unlikely to transmit the fungus outside that area, so it can be safely used to control this pine wilt nematode vector in forest ecosystems.</span></p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Wang HM, Lun YY, Lu Q, Liu HX, Decock C, Zhang XY (2018) Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 39: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014
Figure S2. Phylograms of fungal associates of pine infected by PWN and Monochamusalternatus in China : Explanation note: The phylograms were generated after MP analysis of the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 rDNA and partial tub2 sequences. Novel sequences obtained in the current study are indicated in bold type. MP bootstrap values (10,000 replicates) and ML bootstrap support values (1000 replicates) (normal type) above 70% are indicated at the nodes. Values below 70% are indicated by asterisk (*). Posterior probabilities (above 90%) obtained from BI are indicated by bold lines at the relevant branching points. Scale bar, total nucleotide differences between taxa; ML, maximum likelihood; MP, maximum parsimony; BI, Bayesian inference.
Supplementary material 1 from: Wang HM, Lun YY, Lu Q, Liu HX, Decock C, Zhang XY (2018) Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 39: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014
Figure S1. Phylogram of fungal associates of pine infected by PWN and Monochamusalternatus in China : Explanation note: The phylogram was generated after MP analysis of partial tub2 sequences. O.ips sequences obtained in the current study are designated in bold type. MP bootstrap value and BI values are indicated at the branch nodes; values below 70% are indicated by asterisk (*).
Fig. 4 in Effect of Monochamus galloprovincialis feeding on Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea, oleoresin and insect volatiles
Fig. 4. Relation of the number of wounded Pinus pinaster trees, after Monochamus galloprovincialis feeding, the average number of wounds per tree, and wound length and width. Bars: standard error.
Fig. 3 in Effect of Monochamus galloprovincialis feeding on Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea, oleoresin and insect volatiles
Fig. 3. Changes in the profile of volatiles released by Pinus pinea trees being fed on by Monochamus galloprovincialis adults. Bars: standard error. Letters in the table in the right side of the graph represent ANOVA post-hoc Fisher's Least Significant Difference test Homogenous Groups, (1): All volatiles: F(8,90) = 7.88; p <0.0001***; (2) Without limonene: F(7,80) = 2.31; p = 0.034*.
Fig. 6. A. Pinus pinaster individuals. B in Effect of Monochamus galloprovincialis feeding on Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea, oleoresin and insect volatiles
Fig. 6. A. Pinus pinaster individuals. B. SPME collection of P. pinaster volatiles in control experiments. C. SPME collection of P. pinaster volatiles during Monochamus galloprovincialis feeding. D. Detail of M. galloprovincialis inside the net. E. M. galloprovincialis feeding on P. pinaster. F. Injured tree trunk. G. Oleoresin being exuded from the tree trunk.
Fig. 5 in Effect of Monochamus galloprovincialis feeding on Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea, oleoresin and insect volatiles
Fig. 5. Relation of the number of wounded Pinus pinea trees, after Monochamus galloprovincialis feeding, the average number of wounds per tree, and wound length and width. Bars: standard error.
Fig. 2 in Effect of Monochamus galloprovincialis feeding on Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea, oleoresin and insect volatiles
Fig. 2. Changes in the profile of volatiles released by Pinus pinaster trees being fed on by Monochamus galloprovincialis adults, with trees grouped according to their essential oil chemotypes: β-pinene, α-pinene, and δ-3-carene EO dominance (chemotype 1, C1 in dark grey) and δ-3-carene only in trace amounts (chemotype 2, C2 in white). Bars: standard error. Letters in the table on the right side of the graph represent ANOVA post-hoc Fisher's Least Significant Difference test Homogenous Groups; Chemotype 1 (C1): F(16,170) = 1.58; p = 0.078*; Chemotype 2 (C2): F(16,442) = 4.04; p <0.0001***.
Insecticidal activity of Beauveria bassiana against Monochamus alternatus adults
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Data from: The impact of climate change on the potential distribution of agricultural pests: the case of the coffee white stem borer (Monochamus leuconotus P.) in Zimbabwe
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Supplementary material 3 from: Wang HM, Lun YY, Lu Q, Liu HX, Decock C, Zhang XY (2018) Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 39: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014
Figure S3. Three ML phylogenetic threes based on tub2 after excluding introns :
Figure 4 from: Wang HM, Lun YY, Lu Q, Liu HX, Decock C, Zhang XY (2018) Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 39: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014
Figure 4 Light micrographs of Ophiostomamassoniana. a, b Growth on 2% MEA and 2% PDA, 2 weeks after inoculation c–eHyalorhinocladiella-like anamorph, conidiophores, conidia (scale bar, 10 μm).
Figure 3 from: Wang HM, Lun YY, Lu Q, Liu HX, Decock C, Zhang XY (2018) Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 39: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014
Figure 3 Light micrographs of Ophiostomaalbum. a, b Growth on 2% MEA and 2% PDA, 2 weeks after inoculation c–eHyalorhinocladiella-like anamorph, conidiophores, and conidia (scale bar, 10 mm).
Figure 2 from: Wang HM, Lun YY, Lu Q, Liu HX, Decock C, Zhang XY (2018) Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 39: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014
Figure 2 Light micrographs of Sporothrixzhejiangensis. a–c Growth on 2% MEA and 2% PDA, 2 weeks after inoculation d Occasionally observed ostiolar hyphae (scale bar, 20 μm) e–f Perithecium (scale bar, 20 μm) g Pesotum-like anamorph, rhizoid, conidiophores, conidiogenous apparatus (scale bar, 20 μm), and conidia (bottom right corner) (scale bar, 10 μm) h, i Reniform ascospores without sheaths (scale bar, 10 μm) j–lSporothrix-like anamorph, conidiophores, and conidia (scale bar, 10 μm).
Figure 1 from: Wang HM, Lun YY, Lu Q, Liu HX, Decock C, Zhang XY (2018) Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 39: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014
Figure 1 Phylograms of fungal associates of pine infected by PWN and Monochamusalternatus in China. The phylograms were generated after MP analysis of the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 rDNA and partial tub2 sequences. Novel sequences obtained in the current study are indicated in bold type. MP bootstrap values (10,000 replicates) and ML bootstrap support values (1000 replicates) (normal type) above 70% are indicated at the nodes. Values below 70% are indicated by asterisk (*). Posterior probabilities (above 90%) obtained from BI are indicated by bold lines at the relevant branching points. Scale bar, total nucleotide differences between taxa; ML, maximum likelihood; MP, maximum parsimony; BI, Bayesian inference.
Figure 3 from: Petersen-Silva R, Pujade-Villar J, Naves P, Sousa E (2012) Parasitoids of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), vector of the pine wood nematode, with identification key for the Palaearctic region. ZooKeys 251: 29-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.251.3986
Figure 3 - Lateral view of hind femur of Odontocolon quercinum (a) and Xorides depressus (b); first and second metasomal tergites in dorsal view of Meteorus corax (c);head in lateral view of Odontocolon quercinum (d) and Xorides depressus (e).
Figure 7 from: Petersen-Silva R, Pujade-Villar J, Naves P, Sousa E (2012) Parasitoids of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), vector of the pine wood nematode, with identification key for the Palaearctic region. ZooKeys 251: 29-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.251.3986
Figure 7 - Metasoma in dorsal view of Atanycolus denigrator (a), Cyanopterus flavator (b) and Cyanopterus tricolor (c); scape and pedicel in lateral view of C. flavator (d) and Atanycolus denigrator (e); space of head between antennal socket and eye in laterofrontal view of Atanycolus genalis (f) and Cyanopterus flavator (g).
Figure 6 from: Petersen-Silva R, Pujade-Villar J, Naves P, Sousa E (2012) Parasitoids of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), vector of the pine wood nematode, with identification key for the Palaearctic region. ZooKeys 251: 29-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.251.3986
Figure 6 - Basal segments of antenna in lateral view of Coeloides sordidator (a) and Cyanopterus tricolor (b); metasoma in dorsal view of Iphiaulax impostor (c); face of Atanycolus ivanowi (d).
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