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46 results for “Mycorrhizal symbiosis”
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis increases P uptake and productivity of mixtures of maize varieties compared to monocultures
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Data from: Stoichiometric N:P flexibility and mycorrhizal symbiosis favor plant resistance against drought
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Data from: Niche differentiation and expansion of plant species are associated with mycorrhizal symbiosis
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a widespread association between plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi, which is thought to contribute to plant niche differentiation and expansion. However, this has so far not been explicitly tested. To address the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on plants' realized niches, we addressed how mycorrhizal status (i.e. the frequency of occurrence of mycorrhizal symbiosis), flexibility (i.e. the ability to grow both with and without mycorrhizal symbiosis) and type of a plant species affect the realized niche optima, widths and volumes. For this, we used co-occurrence data from the flora of the Netherlands along soil fertility, moisture, pH, salinity, light and temperature gradients. Phylogenetic dependency of the species was taken into account using phylogenetic generalized least squares models. We show that facultatively and flexibly mycorrhizal plants have the widest niches compared to non-mycorrhizal and obligately mycorrhizal, and inflexible plants respectively. Among obligate plant symbionts, ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizal plants exhibited the widest niches compared to plants with other mycorrhizal types. Also, plants with different mycorrhizal statuses and types differed in their realized niche optima. Synthesis. Our results indicate that mycorrhizal symbiosis mediates plant niche differentiation and expansion, facilitating the understanding of current distribution patterns of plant species, as well as predicting shifts in plant distribution and dominance due to environmental changes.
Data from: Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists
To elucidate the genetic bases of mycorrhizal lifestyle evolution, we sequenced new fungal genomes, including 13 ectomycorrhizal (ECM), orchid (ORM) and ericoid (ERM) species, and five saprotrophs, which we analyzed along with other fungal genomes. Ectomycorrhizal fungi have a reduced complement of genes encoding plant cell wall–degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), as compared to their ancestral wood decayers. Nevertheless, they have retained a unique array of PCWDEs, thus suggesting that they possess diverse abilities to decompose lignocellulose. Similar functional categories of nonorthologous genes are induced in symbiosis. Of induced genes, 7–38% are orphan genes, including genes that encode secreted effector-like proteins. Convergent evolution of the mycorrhizal habit in fungi occurred via the repeated evolution of a 'symbiosis toolkit', with reduced numbers of PCWDEs and lineage-specific suites of mycorrhiza-induced genes.
Data from: Mutualism persistence and abandonment during the evolution of the mycorrhizal symbiosis
Mutualistic symbioses with mycorrhizal fungi are widespread in plants. The majority of plant species associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. By contrast, the minority associate with ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, have abandoned the symbiosis and are nonmycorrhizal (NM), or engage in an intermediate, weakly AM symbiosis (AMNM). To understand the processes that maintain the mycorrhizal symbiosis or cause its loss, we reconstructed its evolution using a ∼3,000-species seed plant phylogeny integrated with mycorrhizal state information. Reconstruction indicated that the common ancestor of seed plants most likely associated with AM fungi and that the EM, NM, and AMNM states descended from the AM state. Direct transitions from the AM state to the EM and NM states were infrequent and generally irreversible, implying that natural selection or genetic constraint could promote stasis once a particular state evolved. However, the evolution of the NM state was more frequent via an indirect pathway through the AMNM state, suggesting that weakening of the AM symbiosis is a necessary precursor to mutualism abandonment. Nevertheless, reversions from the AMNM state back to the AM state were an order of magnitude more likely than transitions to the NM state, suggesting that natural selection favors the AM symbiosis over mutualism abandonment.
Data from: Mycorrhizal symbiosis increases the benefits of plant facilitative interactions
The diversity of pathways through which mycorrhizal fungi alter plant coexistence hinders the understanding of their effects on plant-plant interactions. The outcome of plant facilitative interactions can be indirectly affected by mycorrhizal symbiosis, ultimately shaping biodiversity patterns. We tested whether mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances plant facilitative interactions and whether its effect is consistent across different methodological approaches and biological scenarios. We conducted a meta-analysis of 215 cases (involving 21 nurse and 29 facilitated species), in which the performance of a facilitated plant species is measured in the presence or absence of mycorrhizal fungi. We show that mycorrhizal fungi significantly enhance plant facilitative interactions mainly through an increment in plant biomass (aboveground) and nutrient content, although their effects differ across biological contexts. In semiarid environments mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances plant facilitation, while its effect is non-significant in temperate ecosystems. In addition, arbuscular but not ecto-mycorrhizal (EMF) fungi significantly enhances plant facilitation, particularly increasing the P content of the plants more than EMF. Some knowledge gaps regarding the importance of this phenomenon have been detected in this meta-analysis. The effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant facilitation has rarely been assessed in other ecosystems different from semiarid and temperate forests, and rarely considering other fungal benefits provided to plants besides nutrients. Finally, we are still far from understanding the effects of the whole fungal community on plant-plant interactions, and on plant species coexistence.
Data from: Niche differentiation and expansion of plant species are associated with mycorrhizal symbiosis
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Data from: Mycorrhizal symbiosis increases the benefits of plant facilitative interactions
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Mutualism persistence and abandonment during the evolution of the mycorrhizal symbiosis
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Transcriptomic analysis of fungal Cd-regulated genes in the ericoid mycorrhizal symbiosis
GEO Series GSE119266. Oidiodendron maius Zn; Vaccinium myrtillus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Terfezia claveryi mycorrhizal symbiosis
GEO Series GSE154490. Terfezia claveryi; Helianthemum almeriense. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Transcriptomic analysis of plant Cd-regulated genes in the ericoid mycorrhizal symbiosis
GEO Series GSE119554. Oidiodendron maius Zn; Vaccinium myrtillus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Transcriptional responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis development are conserved in the liverwort Marchantia paleacea
GEO Series GSE245702. Marchantia paleacea. 22 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
A transcriptome analysis of a citrus rootstock Poncirus trifoliata identified genes associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
GEO Series GSE77455. Citrus trifoliata. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Genotype-Specific Modulation of Drought Tolerance by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Foxtail Millet
GEO Series GSE306689. Setaria italica. 24 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Gene profiling in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis between the actinorhizal tree Casuarina glauca and the fungus Glomus intraradices.
GEO Series GSE36676. Casuarina glauca. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Helianthemum almeriense mycorrhizal symbiosis
GEO Series GSE155042. Terfezia claveryi; Helianthemum almeriense. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Large-scale transcriptomics provides insights on the mycorrhizal symbiosis of the Mediterranean orchid Limodorum abortivum in nature
GEO Series GSE159700. Limodorum abortivum. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Transcriptional responses of Medicago truncatula upon sulfur deficiency stress and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
GEO Series GSE61357. Medicago truncatula. 42 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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