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FIGURE 18 in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 18. Pagurus pubescentulus (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892). Male, sl: 4.60 mm (MUBV19; UVIGOBA3 12147): A, shield and cephalic appendages. B, chelipeds: left, dorsal view, right lateral view. Scale A–B, 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Paguristes candelae n in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 8. Paguristes candelae n. sp. Holotype male (MNCN 20.04/9822): A, shield and cephalic appendages. B, cephalic appendages, detail. Scale: A–B, 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Paguristes candelae n in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 7. Paguristes candelae n. sp. Holotype male (MNCN 20.04/9822): A, general, right view. B, general, left view. C, general, frontal view. D, general, ventral view. Scale: A–B, 1 mm; C–D, 5 mm.

FIGURE 9. Paguristes candelae n in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 9. Paguristes candelae n. sp. Paratype female (MNCN 20.04/9823): A, general, frontal view. B, cephalic appendages, detail. C, chelipeds, dorsal view. D, pleomere 6 and telson, dorsal view. Scale: A–D, 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 6. Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1829). Male, sl: 1.50 mm (MU171; UVIGOBA3 13296): A, shield and cephalic appendages. B, chelipeds: left, lateral view, right, ventrolateral view. Scale: A, 0.5 mm; B, 1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 5. Dardanus arrosor (Herbst, 1796). Adult male, sl: 10.23 mm (MUBV21; UVIGOBA3 02032): A, shield and cephalic appendages. B, chelipeds, left, lateral view, right dorsomesial view. Scale A–B, 1 mm.

FIGURE 10. Paguristes candelae n in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 10. Paguristes candelae n. sp. Holotype male (MNCN 20.04/9822): A, right cheliped dorsal. B, left cheliped lateroventral. C, left P2 (top) and P3 (bottom) mesial view. D, maxilliped 3 ventral view. E, right P4 carpus to dactylus lateral view. F right P5 propodus and dactylus, lateral view. Scale: A, D–F, 1 mm; B–C, 5 mm.

FIGURE 3. Areopaguristes mauritanicus n in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 3. Areopaguristes mauritanicus n. comb. Chelipeds, left (top) and right (bottom), lateral view: A, Holotype, adult male, sl: 3.91 mm [MNHN-IU-2008-14993 (= MNHN-Pg1619)]. B, adult male, sl: 3.70 mm (MU266; UVIGOBA3-02671). Scale bars A, B, 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Areopaguristes mauritanicus n in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 4. Areopaguristes mauritanicus n. comb. Holotype [MNHN-IU-2008-14993 (=MNHN-Pg1619)], left pleopod 2. Scale, 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Areopaguristes mauritanicus n in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 2. Areopaguristes mauritanicus n. comb. Shields: left, adult male, sl: 3.70 mm (MU266; UVIGOBA3-02671); right, holotype, adult male, sl: 3.91 mm [MNHN-IU-2008-14993 (= MNHN-Pg1619)]. Scale bar, 1 mm.

FIGURE 20 in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 20. Parapagurus nudus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891). Male, sl: 6.24 mm (MU116; UVIGOBA3 03877): A, shield and cephalic appendages. B, chelipeds: left, dorsomesial view, right lateral view. Scale: A, 1 mm; B, 5 mm.

FIGURE 17. Pagurus prideaux Leach, 1815 in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 17. Pagurus prideaux Leach, 1815. Adult male, sl: 6.17 mm (MU205; UVIGOBA3 03228): A, shield and cephalic appendages. B, chelipeds: left, ventrolateral view, right lateral view. Scale: A, 1 mm; B, 5 mm.

FIGURE 19 in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 19. Paragiopagurus macrocerus (Forest, 1955). Male, sl: 6.71 mm (MUBV10; UVIGOBA3 11839): A, shield and cephalic appendages. B, chelipeds: left, dorsal view, right lateral view. Scale A–B, 1 mm.

Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V_ v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). in Canidae

Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V_ v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

Subspecies and Distribution. Vr. rueppellii Schinz, 1825 — Egypt and Sudan (Nubian Desert). V. r. caesia Thomas & Hinton, 1921 — N & W Africa. V. r. cyrenaica Festa, 1921 — SW Egypt, Lybia, extreme NW Sudan. V. r. sabaea Pocock, 1934 — Arabian Peninsula and Middle East. V. r. somaliae Thomas, 1918 — Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. V. r. zarudny: Birula, 1913 — Baluchistan in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan. in Canidae

Subspecies and Distribution. Vr. rueppellii Schinz, 1825 — Egypt and Sudan (Nubian Desert). V. r. caesia Thomas & Hinton, 1921 — N & W Africa. V. r. cyrenaica Festa, 1921 — SW Egypt, Lybia, extreme NW Sudan. V. r. sabaea Pocock, 1934 — Arabian Peninsula and Middle East. V. r. somaliae Thomas, 1918 — Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. V. r. zarudny: Birula, 1913 — Baluchistan in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan.

Subspecies and Distribution. H. p. parvula Sundevall, 1847 — NE South Africa, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. H. p. wore Thomas, 1919 — NE Mozambique and Tanzania. H. p. mimetra Thomas, 1926 — NW Botswana and N Namibia. H. p. nero Thomas, 1928 — C Namibia. H. p. ruficeps Kershaw, 1922 — Zambia (Southern Province & Kafue area). H. p. undulata Peters, 1852 — N & E Africa from Ethiopia and Sudan to Malawi. H. p. varia Thomas, 1902 — C Africa from Angola to Uganda. in Herpestidae

Subspecies and Distribution. H. p. parvula Sundevall, 1847 — NE South Africa, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. H. p. wore Thomas, 1919 — NE Mozambique and Tanzania. H. p. mimetra Thomas, 1926 — NW Botswana and N Namibia. H. p. nero Thomas, 1928 — C Namibia. H. p. ruficeps Kershaw, 1922 — Zambia (Southern Province & Kafue area). H. p. undulata Peters, 1852 — N & E Africa from Ethiopia and Sudan to Malawi. H. p. varia Thomas, 1902 — C Africa from Angola to Uganda.

Subspecies and Distribution. G. p. pulverulenta Wagner, 1839 — Namibia, South Africa (Western, Eastern and Northern Cape & Free State). G. p. basutica Roberts, 1936 — E Lesotho to South Africa (W KwaZulu-Natal). G. p. rudd: Thomas, 1903 — South Africa (extreme NW portion of the species range). in Herpestidae

Subspecies and Distribution. G. p. pulverulenta Wagner, 1839 — Namibia, South Africa (Western, Eastern and Northern Cape & Free State). G. p. basutica Roberts, 1936 — E Lesotho to South Africa (W KwaZulu-Natal). G. p. rudd: Thomas, 1903 — South Africa (extreme NW portion of the species range).

Subspecies and Distribution. M. n. nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 — China, North and South Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Taiwan, and Scandinavia. M. n. allegheniensis Rhoads, 1900 — NE USA (Allegheny Mts W to Wisconsin). M. n. boccamela Bechstein, 1800 — Corsica, Italy, Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, and Spain. M. n. campestris Jackson, 1913 — C Great Plains, USA. M. n. eskimo Stone, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (Yukon). M. n. namiyer Kuroda, 1921 — Japan and the Kurile Is. M. n. numidica Pucheran, 1855 — N Africa. M. n. rnixosa Bangs, 1896 — Canada and N Great Plains of USA. M. n. vulgaris Erxleben, 1777 = W & C Europe and most of C Eurasia. Introduced to New Zealand, Malta, Crete, the Azores Is, and apparently also Sao Tome I. in Mustelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M. n. nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 — China, North and South Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Taiwan, and Scandinavia. M. n. allegheniensis Rhoads, 1900 — NE USA (Allegheny Mts W to Wisconsin). M. n. boccamela Bechstein, 1800 — Corsica, Italy, Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, and Spain. M. n. campestris Jackson, 1913 — C Great Plains, USA. M. n. eskimo Stone, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (Yukon). M. n. namiyer Kuroda, 1921 — Japan and the Kurile Is. M. n. numidica Pucheran, 1855 — N Africa. M. n. rnixosa Bangs, 1896 — Canada and N Great Plains of USA. M. n. vulgaris Erxleben, 1777 = W & C Europe and most of C Eurasia. Introduced to New Zealand, Malta, Crete, the Azores Is, and apparently also Sao Tome I.

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Distribution. Discontinuously distributed, from Senegal to Ghana in W Africa, and in the C African rainforest block from Cameroon to Uganda, W Kenya, and W Tanzania, and south to extreme NW Angola, also present in Bioko I. Sightings from Dahomey Gap and S Nigeria remain unconfirmed. in Manidae

Distribution. Discontinuously distributed, from Senegal to Ghana in W Africa, and in the C African rainforest block from Cameroon to Uganda, W Kenya, and W Tanzania, and south to extreme NW Angola, also present in Bioko I. Sightings from Dahomey Gap and S Nigeria remain unconfirmed.