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Terrain variables used for ensemble distribution modelling of vulnerable marine ecosystems indicator taxa on data-limited seamounts of Cabo Verde (NW Africa)
<p><em>Aim:</em> Seamounts are conspicuous geological features with an important ecological role and can be considered Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs). Since many deep-sea regions remain largely unexplored, investigating the occurrence of VME taxa on seamounts is challenging. Our study aimed to predict the distribution of four cold-water coral (CWC) taxa, indicators for VMEs, in a region where occurrence data is scarce.</p> <p><em>Location: </em>Seamounts around the Cabo Verde Archipelago (NW Africa).</p> <p><em>Methods:</em> We used species presence-absence data obtained from Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) footage collected during two research expeditions. Terrain variables calculated using a multiscale approach from a 100 m resolution bathymetry grid, as well as physical oceanographical data from the VIKING20X model, at a native resolution of 1/20°, were used as environmental predictors. Two modelling techniques (Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and Random Forest (RF)) were employed and single-model predictions were combined into a final weighted-average ensemble model. Model performance was validated using different metrics through cross-validation.</p> <p><em>Results</em>: Terrain orientation, at broad-scale, presented one of the highest relative variable contributions to the distribution models of all CWC taxa, suggesting that hydrodynamic-topographic interactions on the seamounts could benefit CWCs by maximizing food supply. However, changes at finer scales in terrain morphology and bottom salinity were important for driving differences in the distribution of specific CWCs. The ensemble model predicted the presence of VME taxa on all seamounts and consistently achieved the highest performance metrics, outperforming individual models. Nonetheless, model extrapolation and uncertainty, measured as the coefficient of variation, were high, particularly, in least surveyed areas across seamounts, highlighting the need to collect more data in future surveys.</p> <p><em>Main conclusions:</em> Our study shows how data-poor areas may be assessed for the likelihood of VMEs and provides important information to guide future research in Cabo Verde, which is fundamental to advise ongoing conservation planning.</p>
Terrain variables used for ensemble distribution modelling of vulnerable marine ecosystems indicator taxa on data-limited seamounts of Cabo Verde (NW Africa)
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Subspecies and Distribution. . p. perforatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 — Nile Valley in Egypt and N Sudan. . p. haedinusThomas, 1915 - Middle East (Israel, Arabian Peninsula, and S Iran) E to India, and E Africa from Djibouti to Kenya (including Lamu I) and Tanzania; it may also occur in Eritrea. . p. senegalensis Desmarest, 1820 - scattered localities in W Africa, from S Mauritania, Senegal, and Guinea-Bissau E to NW Nigeria and W Cameroon; it may occur in Guinea and Ivory Coast. . p. sudani Thomas, 1915 — C & S Sudan, South Sudan, Uganda, and S through the Congo Basin to N & E Botswana, S Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa in Emballonuridae
Subspecies and Distribution. . p. perforatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 — Nile Valley in Egypt and N Sudan. . p. haedinusThomas, 1915 - Middle East (Israel, Arabian Peninsula, and S Iran) E to India, and E Africa from Djibouti to Kenya (including Lamu I) and Tanzania; it may also occur in Eritrea. . p. senegalensis Desmarest, 1820 - scattered localities in W Africa, from S Mauritania, Senegal, and Guinea-Bissau E to NW Nigeria and W Cameroon; it may occur in Guinea and Ivory Coast. . p. sudani Thomas, 1915 — C & S Sudan, South Sudan, Uganda, and S through the Congo Basin to N & E Botswana, S Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa
Distribution. Patchily in Africa N of the equator from Guinea Bissau and Guinea E to South Sudan and extreme NW Uganda. in Hipposideridae
Distribution. Patchily in Africa N of the equator from Guinea Bissau and Guinea E to South Sudan and extreme NW Uganda.
Distribution. Known from five localities in Mozambique (Chinizuia Forest, Gerhard's Cave, Gorongosa Caves, Namapa, and Niassa Reserve) and one locality in NW Zimbabwe (Lutope-Ngolangola Confluence); predicted to occur in much of S Africa, possibly incorporating much of Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. in Rhinolophidae
Distribution. Known from five localities in Mozambique (Chinizuia Forest, Gerhard's Cave, Gorongosa Caves, Namapa, and Niassa Reserve) and one locality in NW Zimbabwe (Lutope-Ngolangola Confluence); predicted to occur in much of S Africa, possibly incorporating much of Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe.
Subspecies and Distribution. R m. mehelyi Matschie, 1901 - S Europe (S Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia, E Sicily, SE Italy, S Albania, E Serbia, S Romania, E North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Greece), SW Asia (Caucasus, Anatolia, N Iraq, and Zagros Mts in W Iran), and N Africa (N Morocco, N Algeria, and N Tunisia); possibly a record from SE France, and there are apparently records from Afghanistan, although exact localities are uncertain. R m. judaicus K. Andersen & Matschie, 1904 - Levant in Cyprus, N Syria, W Jordan, Israel, NE Egypt (including NW Sinai based on echolocation), and NE Libya. in Rhinolophidae
Subspecies and Distribution. R m. mehelyi Matschie, 1901 - S Europe (S Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia, E Sicily, SE Italy, S Albania, E Serbia, S Romania, E North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Greece), SW Asia (Caucasus, Anatolia, N Iraq, and Zagros Mts in W Iran), and N Africa (N Morocco, N Algeria, and N Tunisia); possibly a record from SE France, and there are apparently records from Afghanistan, although exact localities are uncertain. R m. judaicus K. Andersen & Matschie, 1904 - Levant in Cyprus, N Syria, W Jordan, Israel, NE Egypt (including NW Sinai based on echolocation), and NE Libya.
FIGURE 1 in Myriotrochus (Oligotrochus) meteorensis spec. nov., a new myriotrochid holothurian from the deepsea off NW Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Myriotrochidae)
FIGURE 1. Myriotrochus (Oligotrochus) meteorensis spec. nov. (A–C) Calcareous ring of holotype (all to the same scale). (A) Dorsal view (dir: dorsal interradial plate, rdr: right dorsolateral radial plate). (B) Left lateral view (lvr: left ventrolateral radial plate). (C) Ventral view (vr: ventral radial plate). (D–I) Individual plates of calcareous ring of a paratype, outer (top) and anterior (bottom) view (all to the same scale). (D) Dorsal interradial plate. (E) Right dorsolateral radial plate. (F) Right lateral interradial plate. (G) Left ventrolateral radial plate. (H) Right ventral interradial plate (anterior process damaged). (I) Ventral radial plate. (J) Madreporite body (small basal piece broken off). (K–M) Wheel deposits of body wall from paratypes. (K) Detail of a wheel, rim with bifid teeth. (L) Small wheel lacking branched spokes. (M) Common large wheels with branched spokes.
FIGURE 2 in Myriotrochus (Oligotrochus) meteorensis spec. nov., a new myriotrochid holothurian from the deepsea off NW Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Myriotrochidae)
FIGURE 2. Myriotrochus (Oligotrochus) meteorensis spec. nov. Wheel parameters and size distribution of wheel diameters (D, µm; nw: number of wheels), with plots of the number of spokes (ns: rhombus), number of teeth (nt: circle), and the diameter of the hub (dh, µm: triangle) in relation to the wheel diameter. Linear regression of ns, nt and dh, µm on D, µm are shown, where ns = 6.65 + (0.03 x D, µm), r² = 0.22, p <0.0001; nt = 19.44 + (0.04 x D, µm), r² = 0.17, p <0.0001; dh, µm = 31.81 + (0.37 x D, µm), r² = 0.47, p <0.0001. (Wheel diameter size classes: 10 µm.)
FIGURE 5. Ezaxius ferachevali n. gen. n in Additions to thalassinidean fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Mauritania (NW Africa) with the description of a new genus and a new species
FIGURE 5. Ezaxius ferachevali n. gen. n. sp., holotype: A) Telson, dorsal view; B) Left uropod, dorsal view; C) Pleopod 3 left; D) Pleopod 1 left, mesial view; E) Pleopod 2 left, mesial view; F) Maxilliped 3 right, lateral view; G) Pereiopod 1 left, lateral view; H) Pereiopod 2 left, lateral view; I) Pereiopod 4 right, mesial view; J) Pereiopod 4 right, propodus and dactylus, lateral view; K) Pectinate setae, P4 distoventral propodus; L) Right antennula, dorsolateral view; M) Left antenna, lateral view. Scale bars: F, G, H, I, 2 mm; A, B, C, D, E, J, L, M, 1 mm; K, 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 4. Ezaxius ferachevali n. gen. n in Additions to thalassinidean fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Mauritania (NW Africa) with the description of a new genus and a new species
FIGURE 4. Ezaxius ferachevali n. gen. n. sp., holotype: A) Carapace, dorsal view, setae removed; B) Anterior carapace, lateral view, setae removed. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm.
FIGURE 3. Ezaxius ferachevali n. gen. n in Additions to thalassinidean fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Mauritania (NW Africa) with the description of a new genus and a new species
FIGURE 3. Ezaxius ferachevali n. gen. n. sp., holotype: A) Entire animal, left view; B) Carapace, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm
FIGURE 2 in Additions to thalassinidean fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Mauritania (NW Africa) with the description of a new genus and a new species
FIGURE 2. Trypaea oblonga (Le Loeuff & Intès, 1974) n. comb. Male MU215: A) Left pleopod 4; B) Left pleopod 4 appendix interna detail. Female MUDR26: C) Left pleopod 1; D) Left pleopod 2, mesial view. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 0.2 mm; C, D, 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Additions to thalassinidean fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Mauritania (NW Africa) with the description of a new genus and a new species
FIGURE 1. Distribution of the Maurit survey thalassinidean species: Trypaea oblonga (Le Loeuff & Intès, 1974) n. comb.; Calocarides coronatus (Trybom, 1904); Calocaris macandreae Bell, 1846 and Ezaxius ferachevali n. gen. n. sp.
FIGURE 21. Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith, 1879 in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 21. Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith, 1879. Female, sl: 7.44 mm (MU08; UVIGOBA3 04514): A, shield and cephalic appendages. B, chelipeds: left, dorsomesial view, right, lateral view. Scale: A–B, 5 mm.
FIGURE 16. Pagurus cuanensis Bell, 1846 in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 16. Pagurus cuanensis Bell, 1846. Adult male sl: 5.15 mm (MUBV20; UVIGOBA3 11840): A, shield and cephalic appendages. B, chelipeds: left, dorsomesial view, right lateral view. Scale A–B, 1 mm.
FIGURE 14 in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 14. Anapagurus laevis (Bell, 1846). Adult male, sl: 3.01 mm (MUBV21; UVIGOBA3 02036): A, shield and cephalic appendages. B, chelipeds: left, dorsolateral view, right lateral view. Scale A–B, 1 mm.
FIGURE 13 in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 13. Pseudopaguristes marocanus (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1891) n. comb. Type, adult male, sl: 2.31 mm [MNHN-IU-2008-14991 (=MNHN-Pg1612)]: A, shield and cephalic appendages. B, chelipeds, left up, right down. Adult male, sl: 4.51mm (MUBV10; UVIGOBA3-12151): C, shield and cephalic appendages. Adult male, sl: 3.34 mm (MUBV08; UVIGOBA3-11844): D, chelipeds, left up, right down. Scale: A, 0.5 mm; B–D, 1 mm.
FIGURE 12. Paguristes candelae n in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 12. Paguristes candelae n. sp. Paratype female (MNCN 20.04/9823): A, general, ventral view. B, brood pouch and plp4, detail. Scale 1 mm.
FIGURE 15. Pagurus alatus Fabricius, 1775 in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 15. Pagurus alatus Fabricius, 1775. Adult male, sl: 6.56 mm (MU57; UVIGOBA3 04737): A, shield and cephalic appendages. B, chelipeds: left (top), dorsomesial view, right (bottom) lateral view. Scale: A, 1 mm; B, 5 mm.
FIGURE 11. Paguristes candelae n in Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 11. Paguristes candelae n. sp. Holotype male (MNCN 20.04/9822): A, Plp1, Plp2 ventral view. B, Plp1, Plp2 ventrolatera view. C, Plp1 lateral view. D, Plp2 lateral view. E, telson. Scale 1 mm.
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