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69 results for “Nereis”
Fig. 4 in The marine myxosporean Sigmomyxa sphaerica (Thélohan, 1895) gen. n., comb. n. (syn. Myxidium sphaericum) from garfish (Belone belone (L.)) uses the polychaete Nereis pelagica L. as invertebrate host
Fig. 4 Phylogenetic affinities of S. sphaerica among related members of the marine clade of Myxosporea. S. sphaerica is closest related to Ellipsomyxa spp., and these two genera represent a sister group to M. queenslandicus incertae sedis in a well-supported clade. Other Myxidium spp. in the marine clade are not closely related to S. sphaerica, including M. laticurvum (JN033229, new sequence) and M. bergense from the type host P. virens in Norway (JN033231, new sequence). All new sequences in bold. Clade support values: upper, MrBayes posterior probabilities (in percent); middle, maximum likelihood bootstrap (N=100) support values (Paup); lower, maximum parsimony (Mega)
Fig. 1 in The marine myxosporean Sigmomyxa sphaerica (Thélohan, 1895) gen. n., comb. n. (syn. Myxidium sphaericum) from garfish (Belone belone (L.)) uses the polychaete Nereis pelagica L. as invertebrate host
Fig. 1 Plasmodia and myxospores of S. sphaerica from the gallbladder of B. belone. a Plasmodium (flattened) without visible indication of sporogony, showing distinction between ecto- and endoplasm. b Sporulated plasmodium (flattened) showing spores in valvular view, vacuolate appearance and refractive granules. Note that any polar capsule lengths taken in valvular view may be erroneously short due to their oblique orientation in the spores. c Spore in sutural view. d, e Spores as seen in the focal plane of one polar capsule, showing polar filament coils and the valvular extensions associated with the protruding part of the capsules. Scale bars a, b 10 μm, c, d 5 μm
Fig. 3 in The marine myxosporean Sigmomyxa sphaerica (Thélohan, 1895) gen. n., comb. n. (syn. Myxidium sphaericum) from garfish (Belone belone (L.)) uses the polychaete Nereis pelagica L. as invertebrate host
Fig. 3 Actinospores of S. sphaerica in naturally infected N. pelagica from northern Øresund, Denmark. Interference contrast, to same scale. a Apical and lateral views of free actino-spores. b Lateral views showing the three nuclei of the shell valve cells (arrows) and the two nuclei of the sporoplasm cells (arrowheads). Scale bar 5 μm
Fig. 5 in The marine myxosporean Sigmomyxa sphaerica (Thélohan, 1895) gen. n., comb. n. (syn. Myxidium sphaericum) from garfish (Belone belone (L.)) uses the polychaete Nereis pelagica L. as invertebrate host
Fig. 5 Schematic illustration of the life cycle of S. sphaerica. The polychaete N. pelagica acts as the invertebrate hosts and the garfish B. belone acts as the fish hosts. a Actinospore, b myxospore. Not to scale
Fig. 1 in Molecular characterization and prevalence of Halarachne halichoeri in threatened southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
Fig. 1. (A) Scanning electron microscopy of adult Halarachne halichoeri showing opisthosoma (abdomen) with slight constriction only at the anterior end and dorsal shield broader posteriorly than anteriorly with linguiform caudal tip. (B) Scanning electron microscopy of larvae Halarachne halichoeri with postanal setae (bristles) longer than adanal setae.
Fig. 1 in Pathology and epidemiology of nasopulmonary acariasis (Halarachne sp.) in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
Fig. 1. Nasopulmonary acariasis in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). A. A single hexapod larval nasal mite (Halarachne sp.) has wandered out of the nose and is present on the planum nasale (arrow). This highly motile infectious larval stage is most common in the nares and rostral turbinates of the upper respiratory tract (Bar = 6 mm). Inset: Rhinoscopic view of a mass of hexapod larval mites (Halarachne sp.) crawling on the nasal turbinates of a sedated, live, captive sea otter (Bar = 2.5 mm). Image courtesy of Dr Michael Murray, Monterey Bay Aquarium. B. The larger, elongated (cigar-shaped) Halarachne sp. adults typically aggregate in the nasopharynx, but can also be found in the oropharynx, trachea and bronchi. Adult mites can become very densely packed in the nasopharynx, as shown here (Bar = 3 mm). C. The planum nasale was removed during necropsy, exposing the nasal cartilage and turbinate bones. As refrigerated carcasses warm up, larval mites often exit the nasal cavity and are readily apparent (arrows). This is a moderate infestation. Note the symmetry of the nasal cartilage and underlying turbinates (Bar = 12 mm). D. Severe larval mite infestation in a captive sea otter with chronic or recurrent nasopulmonary mite infestation, demonstrating marked asymmetry of the nasal cartilage and underlying turbinates. Severe, diffuse mucosal inflammation and turbinate osteolysis were confirmed on histopathology (Bar = 12 mm). E. Sea otter with a heavy intensity of adult Halarachne sp. attached to the dorsal soft palate in the nasopharynx, and throughout the larynx. Marked, diffuse mucosal erythema is spatially-associated with areas of mite attachment. Preliminary findings from bacterial culture and histopathology suggest that opportunistic bacterial pathogens, such as beta hemolytic streptococci, are often associated with these regions of mite infestation and respiratory mucosal erythema (Bar = 8 mm).
Fig. 2 in Molecular and morphological confirmation of Profilicollis altmani as the cause of acanthocephalan peritonitis in California sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny generated from the concatenation of sequences of loci B, C, D. Species analyzed include: Adineta vaga, Profilicollis altmani (sample haplotype 1 and GenBank (gb)), Profilicollis botulus/Profilicollis major (sample haplotypes 1 and 2), Polymorphus minutus, and Corynosoma enhydri. Branch lengths are scaled to phylogenetic distance and nodes are labeled with bootstrap support values (n = 100 replicates).
Fig. 1 in Molecular and morphological confirmation of Profilicollis altmani as the cause of acanthocephalan peritonitis in California sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
Fig. 1. Four acanthocephalan morphotypes and their prior identities observed in necropsied sea otters. (A) Corynosoma enhydri adult, (B) Profilicollis altmani, (C) Profilicollis kenti, (D) Profilicollis major. Modified from Hennessy (1972).
Fig. 3 in Molecular and morphological confirmation of Profilicollis altmani as the cause of acanthocephalan peritonitis in California sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood phylogeny generated from the concatenation of sequences of loci B and D. Species analyzed include: Adineta vaga, Profilicollis botulus/Profilicollis major (sample haplotypes 1 and 2 and GenBank (gb)), Polymorphus obtusus, Polymorphus minutus, Polymorphus trochus, Corynosoma enhydri, Polymorphus brevis, Profilicollis bullocki, and Profilicollis altmani (sample haplotype 1 and GenBank). Branch lengths are scaled to phylogenetic distance and nodes are labeled with bootstrap support values (n = 100 replicates).
Data from: Tool use increases mechanical foraging success and tooth health in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
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Reductions in the dietary niche of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) from the Holocene to the Anthropocene.
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) is a marine mammal hunted to near extinction during the 1800s. Despite their well-known importance as a keystone species, we know little about historical sea otter ecology. Here, we characterize the ecological niche of ancient southern sea otters (<i>E. lutris nereis</i>) using d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N analysis of bones recovered from archaeological sites spanning ~7,000 to 350 years before present (N=112 individuals) at five regions along the coast of California. These data are compared with previously published data on modern animals (N=165) and potential modern prey items. In addition, we analyze the d<sup>15</sup>N of individual amino acids for 23 individuals to test for differences in sea otter trophic ecology through time. After correcting for tissue-specific and temporal isotopic effects, we employ nonparametric statistics and Bayesian niche models to quantify differences among ancient and modern animals. We find ancient otters occupied a larger isotopic niche than nearly all modern localities; this likely reflects broader habitat and prey use in pre-fur trade populations. In addition, ancient sea otters at the most southerly sites occupied an isotopic niche that was more than twice as large as ancient otters from northerly regions. The latter likely reflects greater invertebrate prey diversity in southern California relative to northern California. Thus, we suggest the potential dietary niche of sea otters in southern California could be larger than in central and northern California. At two sites, Año Nuevo and Monterey Bay, ancient otters had significantly higher d<sup>15</sup>N values than modern populations. Amino acid d<sup>15</sup>N data indicated this resulted from shifting baseline isotope values, rather than a change in sea otter trophic ecology. Our results help in better understanding the contemporary ecological role of sea otters and exemplify the strength of combing zooarchaeological and biological information to provide baseline data for conservation efforts.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
FIGURE 3. Nereis coutieiri, A in Nereididae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from intertidal habitats in the Gulf of Oman, Iran
FIGURE 3. Nereis coutieiri, A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior parapodium; C, mid-body parapodium; D, posterior parapodium; E, notopodial homogomph falciger, posterior parapodium; F, neuropodial heterogomph falciger, anterior parapodium.
FIGURE 4. A. Nereis trifasciata NTM W22730 in Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) of Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia
FIGURE 4. A. Nereis trifasciata NTM W22730, preserved, antero-dorsal view, pharynx everted; B. N. trifasciata NTM W22730, preserved, antero-ventral view, pharynx everted; C. N. 'lizard_NTM W23960' AM W.43850, alive, dorsal view; D. N. 'mixed_paragnaths_NTM W22634' NTM W22634, Heron Island, preserved, antero-dorsal view, pharynx everted; E. N. 'mixed paragnaths_NTM W22634' NTM W22634, Heron Island, preserved, antero-ventral view, pharynx everted; F. Perinereis nuntia species group AM W.44302, alive, dorsal view; G. P. pictilis AM W.43803, alive, dorsal view; H. P. pictilis alive, close up of AM W.43803, antero-dorsal view. Photo: Alexander Semenov (C, F–H). Approximate body widths: A, B: 2.2 mm; C: 1.0 mm; D, E: 1.7 mm; F: 3.0 mm; G, H: 2.1 mm.
FIGURE 3. Nereis alacranensis n in Nereis alacranensis, a new species of polychaete (Annelida, Nereididae) from Alacranes Reef, southern Gulf of Mexico, with a key to Nereis from the Grand Caribbean
FIGURE 3. Nereis alacranensis n. sp. (Paratype). (A) Peristomium, ventral view. (B) Close-up of the peristomial ventral plate, on external side of peristomium. Nereis baolingi de León-González & Solís-Weiss, 2000 (Paratype). (C) Homogomph falciger. (D) Anterior end, dorsal view. (E) Anterior end, ventral view. (F) Jaws. Scale: A = 200 µm; B = 20 µm; C = 15 µm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 2. Nereis alacranensis n in Nereis alacranensis, a new species of polychaete (Annelida, Nereididae) from Alacranes Reef, southern Gulf of Mexico, with a key to Nereis from the Grand Caribbean
FIGURE 2. Nereis alacranensis n. sp. (A) Anterior end, dorsal view. (B) Anterior end, ventral view (arrow shows the peristomial ventral plate, arc shaped). (C) Notochaetae, homogomph spinigers. (D) Parapodia 1–2. (E) and (F) Homogomph falcigers. (G) Parapodium 10. (H) Neurochaetae, dorsal heterogomph falcigers. (I) Ventral heterogomph falcigers. (A, B, F: Holotype; C, D, E, G, H, I: Paratype. Scale: A–B = 0.7 mm; C = 40 µm; D,G = 100 µm; E,F,H,I = 10 µm.
FIGURE 1. Nereis alacranensis n in Nereis alacranensis, a new species of polychaete (Annelida, Nereididae) from Alacranes Reef, southern Gulf of Mexico, with a key to Nereis from the Grand Caribbean
FIGURE 1. Nereis alacranensis n. sp. (Holotype). (A) Anterior end, dorsal view. (B) Anterior end, ventral view (arrow shows the peristomial ventral plate, arc shaped). (C) Pygidium. (D) Parapodium 1. (E) Parapodium 10. (F) Parapodium 25. (G) Parapodium 50. Scale: A–B = 0.8 mm; C = 1 mm; D = 0.6 mm; E = 0.8 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm.
Figure 10. Nereis mariellae, holotype parapodia under light microscope. A in Revealing a new eyeless Nereis (Nereididae: Annelida) clade from deep-sea organic falls
Figure 10. Nereis mariellae, holotype parapodia under light microscope. A, parapodium, chaetiger 1, anterior view. B, parapodium, chaetiger 15, anterior view. C, parapodium, chaetiger 25, anterior view. D, supracicular neurochaetae, chaetiger 1. E, subacicular neurochaetae, chaetiger 1. F, neurochaeta heterogomph falciger. G, notochaetae, chaetiger 36. H, neurochaetae, chaetiger 36. I, notochaeta homogomph spiniger. Scale bars: 500 µm in A–C; 100 µm in D, E, G, H; 50 µm in F, I.
Figure 8 in Revealing a new eyeless Nereis (Nereididae: Annelida) clade from deep-sea organic falls
Figure 8. Nereis anoculepitoka parapodia of epitokes under light microscope. A–C, G, L, male epitoke. D–F, H, I–K, female epitoke. A, parapodium, chaetiger 1, anterior view. B, parapodium, chaetiger 21, anterior view; arrow points to dorsal contact. C, parapodium, chaetiger 43, anterior view. D, parapodium, chaetiger 2, anterior view. E, parapodium, chaetiger 15, anterior view. F, parapodium, chaetiger 34, anterior view; arrow points to paddle-like homogomph spinigers. G, neurochaetae, parapodium 21. H, neurochaetae, parapodium 30. I, neurochaetae heterogomph falciger, blades thicker and orange. J, neurochaetae heterogomph falciger, blades tips thicker and yellowish. K, notochaetae homogomph falcigers, blades thicker and orange in colour. L, homogomph spiniger with paddle-like blade. Scale bars: 500 µm in A–F, 200 µm in G, H; 50 µm in I, J; 100 µm in K, L.
Figure 6. Nereis anoculepitoka. A in Revealing a new eyeless Nereis (Nereididae: Annelida) clade from deep-sea organic falls
Figure 6. Nereis anoculepitoka. A, live atoke, paratype 5. B, live male epitoke, paratype 12. C, live male epitoke, paratype 15. Scale bars: 2 mm in A; 5 mm in B, C.
Figure 5. Nereis anoculepitoka, paratype 20 under scanning electron microscope. A in Revealing a new eyeless Nereis (Nereididae: Annelida) clade from deep-sea organic falls
Figure 5. Nereis anoculepitoka, paratype 20 under scanning electron microscope. A, anterior end, dorsal view. B, heterogomph falciger chaeta. C, cluster of homogomph spiniger chaetae. D, parapodium, chaetiger 32, anterior view. E, homogomph falciger chaeta. F, heterogomph spiniger chaeta. Scale bars: 200 µm in A; 25 µm in B, E; 75 µm in C, F; 500 µm in D.
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