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FIGURE 4 in Ademosynidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): A new concept for a coleopteran key taxon and its phylogenetic affinities to the extant suborders

FIGURE 4. Genera of Ademosynidae family, line drawings. 1, Gnathosyne akkolkensis Ponomarenko, 1969, holotype, PIN 2496/7 counterpart. 2, Ademosyne kirgizica Ponomarenko, 1969, holotype PIN 2096/1369. 3 A. kirgizica Ponomarenko, 1969, paratype PIN 2555/1696 print and counterprint. 4, A. bacca Ponomarenko, 1969 holotype PIN 2240/310. 5, A. bacca Ponomarenko, 1969, paratype PIN 2240/294. 6, A. ellyptica Ponomarenko, 1969, holotype PIN 2240/224. 7, Cephalosyne capitata Ponomarenko, 1969, holotype PIN 2240/302. Scale bars: 1 mm. Label abbreviations: c.e – compound eye; crd – cardo; cx.r – coxal rests; cx1, 2 – pro- and mesocoxae; ep – epipleura; epm2 – mesepimeron; fm1 – profemur; gul – gular plate (gula); i.p1 – prosternal intercoxal process; l.d – pronotal longitudinal depression; l.i – lateral incixions of submentum; l.r – longitudinal ridge; md – mandibles; msc – mesoscutum; mt – mentum; ms.p – mesosternal pit; o.f – occipital foramen; par – parietal; pd – pedicellus; pl1 – propleurite; p.mt – prementum; p.t.p. – posterior tentorial pit; sc – scapus; scl – scutellum; sct – mesoscutum; s.g – gular suture; s.l2 – longitudinal suture of mesoventrite; s.l3 – longitudinal suture of metaventrite; smt – submentum; s.pc – paracoxal suture.

FIGURE 5. Petrosyne Ponomarenko, 1969 in Ademosynidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): A new concept for a coleopteran key taxon and its phylogenetic affinities to the extant suborders

FIGURE 5. Petrosyne Ponomarenko, 1969 and ademosynid beetles re-assigned to Polyphaga suborder, photos and line drawings. 1, 2 Petrosyne liassica Ponomarenko, 1969, holotype PIN 166/39. 3, 4 Ranis collevus Ponomarenko, 1969, holotype PIN 371/1755 and line drawing. 5, 6, R. ovalis Ponomarenko, 1969, holotype PIN 2066/2642. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Label abbreviations: cx.r – coxal rests; msc – mesoscutum; tb1 – protibia.

FIGURE 3 in Ademosynidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): A new concept for a coleopteran key taxon and its phylogenetic affinities to the extant suborders

FIGURE 3. Genera of Ademosynidae family, habitual photos. 1, Gnathosyne akkolkensis Ponomarenko, 1969, holotype, PIN 2496/7 counterpart. 2, Ademosyne kirgizica Ponomarenko, 1969, holotype PIN 2096/1369. 3, 4, A. kirgizica Ponomarenko, 1969 paratype PIN 2555/1696 print and counterprint. 5, A. bacca Ponomarenko, 1969, holotype PIN 2240/310. 6, A. bacca Ponomarenko, 1969, paratype PIN 2240/294. 7, A. ellyptica Ponomarenko, 1969, holotype PIN 2240/224. 8, Cephalosyne capitata Ponomarenko, 1969 holotype PIN 2240/302. Scale bars equal 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Dolichosyne Ponomarenko, 1969 line drawings. 1, D. confragosa PIN 2785-2675. 2, 3, D. confragosa paratype PIN 2070-1551 part and counterpart. 4, D. rostrata holotype PIN 2555 in Ademosynidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): A new concept for a coleopteran key taxon and its phylogenetic affinities to the extant suborders

FIGURE 2. Dolichosyne Ponomarenko, 1969 line drawings. 1, D. confragosa PIN 2785-2675. 2, 3, D. confragosa paratype PIN 2070-1551 part and counterpart. 4, D. rostrata holotype PIN 2555/1735. 5, D. sulcata holotype PIN 2240-274 part. 6, D. sulcata paratype PIN 2240-234 part. 7, D. sulcata paratype PIN 2240-305 part. 8, D. sulcata PIN 2785-2659. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Label abbreviations: c.e – compound eye; cx1, 2 – pro- and mesocoxae; eps3 – metepisternum; gul – gular plate (gula); i.p1 – prosternal intercoxal process; l.d – pronotal longitudinal depression; l.i – lateral incisions of submentum; l.r – longitudinal ridge; msc – mesoscutum; mt – mentum; par – parietal; pl1 – propleurit; p.mt – prementum; p.t.p. – posterior tentorial pit; scl – scutellum; sct – mesoscutum; smt – submentum; s.scl – subocular suture; tr1 – protrochanter; tr3 - metatrochanter.

FIGURE 1. Dolichosyne Ponomarenko, 1969 habitus photos. 1, D. confragosa PIN 2785-2675 new material. 2, 3, D. confragosa paratype PIN 2070-1551 part and counterpart. 4, D. rostrata holotype PIN 2555 in Ademosynidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): A new concept for a coleopteran key taxon and its phylogenetic affinities to the extant suborders

FIGURE 1. Dolichosyne Ponomarenko, 1969 habitus photos. 1, D. confragosa PIN 2785-2675 new material. 2, 3, D. confragosa paratype PIN 2070-1551 part and counterpart. 4, D. rostrata holotype PIN 2555/1735. 5, D. sulcata holotype PIN 2240-274 part. 6, D. sulcata paratype PIN 2240-234 part. 7, D. sulcata paratype PIN 2240-305 part. 8, D. sulcata PIN 2785-2659. Scale bars equal 1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Ademosynidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): A new concept for a coleopteran key taxon and its phylogenetic affinities to the extant suborders

FIGURE 7. Strict consensus tree of 71 minimum length trees (NONA, ratchet, 1000 replicates, all characters unweighted and unordered), 91 steps, consistency index 0.43. Monopyhyly of †Ademosynidae supported by two unambiguous apomorphies: anterior pronotal margin convex and overlapping posterior part of head (18.1), anterolateral pronotal angles absent (19.1). Systematic position of †Ademosynidae and Archosyne ambiguous.

FIGURE 6 in Ademosynidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): A new concept for a coleopteran key taxon and its phylogenetic affinities to the extant suborders

FIGURE 6. Comparative morphology of †Ademosynidae, polyphagan beetles and stem group Coleoptera. 1, 2, Stenocyphon sasaji Lawrence, 2001. 3, 4, Epiphanis cornutus (Eschscholtz, 1829). 5, 6, Dolichosyne sulcata Ponomarenko, 1969. 7, 8 Gnathosyne akkolkensis Ponomarenko, 1969. 9, 10, Archosyne permiana Ponomarenko et al., 2014. 11, 12, Tecticupes heckeri Rohdendorf, 1961 (†Taldycupedidae). 13, 14, Permocupes sojanensis Ponomarenko, 1963 (†Permocupedidae). Scale bars equal 1mm. Label abbreviations: mb.c – membranous connection.

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Figure 1 in The bee subtribe Epanthidiina, a new taxon for the Neotropical clade of Anthidiini (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Megachilinae)

Figure 1 Species of Urbanthidium gen.nov. A-C,Urbanthidium gracile. A.Female, habitus in lateral view.B. Female head, in frontal view. C.Male head (holotype), in frontal view.D-F, Urbanthidium psaenythioides. D. Female, habitus in lateral view. E.Female head, in frontal view. F. Male head, in frontal view. A and D, and B, C, E and F, respectively at same scale.

Figure. 8. - Pelvicachromis kribensis. A, B in Revision of the Pelvicachromis taeniatus-group (Perciformes), with revalidation of the taxon Pelvicachromis kribensis (Boulenger, 1911) and description of a new species

Figure. 8. - Pelvicachromis kribensis. A, B: Two syntypes out of BMNH 1902.11.12.164-165 and BMNH 1912.6.29.19-28; A: Male, SL 51.2 mm, B: Female SL 40.8 mm, Cameroon, Kribi River at Kribi, South Cameroon; C: Male; D: Female from Kienke River system (Kribi), not preserved, not measured; E: Male; F: Female from Lobe River system (Lobe Masaa, SL 42.0 + 35.8 mm SL, preserved after photographing as NMW 95242); G: Male; H: female from Nyong River system (Dehane, male not measured, not preserved, female 36.2 mm SL, preserved after photographing as NMW 95240); I: Male; J: Female from Moliwe River (Moliwe village, 57.8+33.7 mm SL, preserved after photographing as NMW 95241).

Figure 6 in Revision of the Pelvicachromis taeniatus-group (Perciformes), with revalidation of the taxon Pelvicachromis kribensis (Boulenger, 1911) and description of a new species

Figure 6. - Type locality of Pelvicachromis drachenfelsi sp. nov.; Cameroon, Wouri River system, Region of Yabassi, tributary of Wouri River on Road Douala-Yabassi, 04°18.250' N, 10°02.971' E, dry season, Feb. 2009. Figure 7. - Pelvicachromis taeniatus. A: Holotype, BMNH 1901.1.28.21, male, 60.3 mm SL, Nigeria, mouth of Ethiop River, Niger Delta (Sapele Station); B: Male from Benin, Iguidi River, Niger River system, collection 2003 by A.L.; C: Male from Nigeria, Niger River system, collection of Otto Gartner; D: Female from Nigeria, Niger River system, from trade; live specimens not measured, not preserved.

Figure 2 in Revision of the Pelvicachromis taeniatus-group (Perciformes), with revalidation of the taxon Pelvicachromis kribensis (Boulenger, 1911) and description of a new species

Figure 2. - Holotype of Pelvicachromis drachenfelsi sp. nov., NMW 95237, male, 60.3 mm SL, Cameroon, Wouri River system, Region of Yabassi, tributary of Wouri River on Road Douala-Yabassi, 04°18.250' N, 10°02.971' E. Figure 3. - One of the paratypes of Pelvicachromis drachenfelsi sp. nov., out of NMW 95238, female, 43.6 mm SL, Cameroon, Wouri River system, Region of Yabassi, tributary of Wouri River on Road Douala-Yabassi, 04°18.250' N, 10°02.971' E. Figure 4. - Live specimens of P. drachenfelsi sp. nov. in aquaria, collected at type locality by A.L., not measured, not preserved. A: Two males, specimen below submissive with horizontal black band; B: Male in dominant coloration; C: Female in display; D: Female guarding fry.

Figure 5 in Revision of the Pelvicachromis taeniatus-group (Perciformes), with revalidation of the taxon Pelvicachromis kribensis (Boulenger, 1911) and description of a new species

Figure 5. - Distribution map for Pelvicachromis drachenfelsi sp. nov. (black area), P. kribensis (dotted area) and P. taeniatus (hachured area).

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Linked collectors and determiners for: Rubus neohunanensis, a new name for a bramble taxon misidentified as R. hunanensis in previous Chinese taxonomic literature.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Rubus neohunanensis, a new name for a bramble taxon misidentified as R. hunanensis in previous Chinese taxonomic literature". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/95210b28-c75b-4123-805d-b4c2a941fd25">https://bionomia.net/dataset/95210b28-c75b-4123-805d-b4c2a941fd25</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/95210b28-c75b-4123-805d-b4c2a941fd25">https://gbif.org/dataset/95210b28-c75b-4123-805d-b4c2a941fd25</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Fig. 24 in Phylogenetic Studies On Didelphid Marsupials Ii. Nonmolecular Data And New Irbp Sequences: Separate And Combined Analyses Of Didelphine Relationships With Denser Taxon Sampling

Fig. 24. Tlacuatzin canescens, photographed by Gerardo Ceballos in March 1995 at the ChamelaCuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco, Mexico. Specimens from southern populations (especially topotypical material from Oaxaca) are markedly grayer than this individual.

Fig. 12 in Phylogenetic Studies On Didelphid Marsupials Ii. Nonmolecular Data And New Irbp Sequences: Separate And Combined Analyses Of Didelphine Relationships With Denser Taxon Sampling

Fig. 12. Bivariate comparison of two dental proportions discussed in the text, with illustrated examples of contrasting morphologies. Closed curves delimit sets of taxa assigned to alternative states of character 57. Taxon labels: 1, Caluromys lanatus; 2, Caluromys philander; 3, Caluromysiops irrupta; 4, Chironectes minimus; 5, Didelphis albiventris; 6, Didelphis marsupialis; 7, Didelphis virginiana; 8, Glironia venusta; 9, Gracilinanus microtarsus; 10, Lestodelphys halli; 11, Lutreolina crassicaudata; 12, Marmosa canescens; 13, Marmosa lepida; 14, Marmosa mexicana; 15, Marmosa murina; 16, Marmosa robinsoni; 17, Marmosa rubra; 18, Marmosops impavidus; 19, Marmosops incanus; 20, Marmosops noctivagus; 21, Marmosops parvidens; 22, Marmosops pinheiroi; 23, Metachirus nudicaudatus; 24, Micoureus demerarae; 25, Micoureus paraguayanus; 26, Micoureus regina; 27, Monodelphis adusta; 28, Monodelphis brevicaudata; 29, Monodelphis emiliae; 30, Monodelphis theresa; 31, Philander frenata; 32, Philander mcilhennyi; 33, Philander opossum; 34, Thylamys pallidior; 35, Thylamys venustus. Other labels: MC, metacrista; PC, postprotocrista.

Fig. 20 in Phylogenetic Studies On Didelphid Marsupials Ii. Nonmolecular Data And New Irbp Sequences: Separate And Combined Analyses Of Didelphine Relationships With Denser Taxon Sampling

Fig. 20. Strict consensus of 18 maximumlikelihood trees under the bestfit model of IRBP sequence evolution, rooted to be consistent with our assumption of ingroup (didelphine) monophyly (see text). Bootstrap support values are shown below each branch. Outgroup taxa are indicated with asterisks.

Fig. 9 in Phylogenetic Studies On Didelphid Marsupials Ii. Nonmolecular Data And New Irbp Sequences: Separate And Combined Analyses Of Didelphine Relationships With Denser Taxon Sampling

Fig. 9. Oblique ventrolateral view of left ear region in Marmosops impavidus (A, MUSM 13284) and Philander mcilhennyi (B, MUSM 13299) illustrating taxonomic differences in ectotympanic suspension. Whereas the ectotympanic (ect) is suspended from the skull by attachments both to the petrosal (pet) and to the malleus (mal) in Marmosops, the ectotympanic of Philander is suspended only from the malleus (there is no attachment to the petrosal). Other abbreviations: als, alisphenoid; pro, promontorium; rtp, rostral tympanic process (of petrosal); sq, squamosal.

Fig. 2 in Phylogenetic Studies On Didelphid Marsupials Ii. Nonmolecular Data And New Irbp Sequences: Separate And Combined Analyses Of Didelphine Relationships With Denser Taxon Sampling

Fig. 2. Ventral view of rhinarium in Thylamys pallidior (A, UMMZ 156349) and Marmosa robinsoni (B, UMMZ 117236). Only a single groove is present on the ventral margin of the rhinarium to either side of the median sulcus in T. pallidior, whereas two ventrolateral grooves are present in M. robinsoni. Scale bars = 2 mm.

Fig. 5 in Phylogenetic Studies On Didelphid Marsupials Ii. Nonmolecular Data And New Irbp Sequences: Separate And Combined Analyses Of Didelphine Relationships With Denser Taxon Sampling

Fig. 5. Palatal morphology of Thylamys venustus (AMNH 261254) illustrating nomenclature for fenestrae and foramina described in the text. The maxillary dentition (C–M4) provides convenient landmarks for defining the size and position of palatal perforations. Abbreviations: if, incisive foramen; m, maxillary fenestra; mp, maxillopalatine fenestra; p, palatine fenestra; plpf, posterolateral palatal foramen.

Fig. 15 in Phylogenetic Studies On Didelphid Marsupials Ii. Nonmolecular Data And New Irbp Sequences: Separate And Combined Analyses Of Didelphine Relationships With Denser Taxon Sampling

Fig. 15. Occlusal views of right dp3 and m1 illustrating taxonomic differences in trigonid morphology of the deciduous tooth. Top, Marmosa murina (MUSM 15297) with a distinctly tricuspid (complete) dp3 trigonid. Bottom, Marmosops impavidus (MUSM 13286) with a bicuspid (incomplete) dp3 trigonid.