Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

The role of nitrogen and iron biogeochemical cycles in the production and export of dissolved organic matter in agricultural headwater catchments

Data on soil solutions collected in the riparian area at 15 cm depth in an agricultural catchment in Brittany (France) during one hydrological cycle. Zero-tension lysimeters were collected at a fortnightly frequency from October 2022 to June 2023. Measurements inlcude dissolved organic matter concentration and composition (3D flurorescence), nitrates, iron, and phosphorus. Data are published in Lambert et al., 2014, The role of nitrogen and iron biogeochemical cycles in the production and export of dissolved organic matter in agricultural headwater catchments, doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1212 (preprint).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Dataset for "Fire in lichen-rich subarctic tundra changes carbon and nitrogen cycling between ecosystem compartments but has minor effects on stocks"

Data that support the findings of the study  "Fire disturbance promotes biodiversity of plants, lichens and birds in the Siberian subarctic tundra".

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Improving nitrogen cycling in a land surface model (CLM5) to quantify soil N2O, NO and NH3 emissions from enhanced rock weathering with croplands

This repository contains CLM5 model soil nitrogen (N2O, NO and NH3) output and metadata, and soil N2O fluxes from the Energy Farm ERW field trials used in the paper "Improving nitrogen cycling in a land surface model (CLM5) to quantify soil N2O, NO and NH3 emissions from enhanced rock weathering with croplands"  (https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2023-47/).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Data for "Coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling regulates the cnidarian-algal symbiosis"

Raw data associated with the publication "Coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling regulates the cnidarian-algal symbiosis". Data associated with individual figures and corresponding analyses are uploaded as separate tabs in the Excel file. Radecker_etal_NanoSIMS.zip contains the individual NanoSIMS images (names according to treatment). Radecker_etal_Chlorophyll_Fluorescence_Images.zip contains exemplary photographs of chlorophyll fluorescence of Aiptasia (names according to treatment).

dryad40/100

Limited legacy effects of extreme multi-year drought on carbon and nitrogen cycling in a mesic grassland

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicApr 2022View details →

openCC (other)Jul 2020View details →

Nitrogen cycling, soil properties and infiltration rates along a topographic gradient in lawns in Baltimore County, Maryland

The aim of this research was to examine how topography and homeowner fertilizer practices affected soil and hydrologic properties of residential lawns to determine if there are locations within lawns that have the potential to act as hotspots of nitrogen transport during rain events. This data set contains measurements of saturated infiltration rates, sorptivity, soil moisture, soil organic matter, pH, soil nitrate, soil ammonium, denitrification potentials and limiting factors, and nitrogen mineralization rates from fertilized and unfertilized residential and institutional lawns. Study lawns were located at homes of people who agreed to volunteer their lawn for the study from a door knocking campaign. Four sampling houses were located in an exurban neighborhood in Baisman Run. Five sampling houses were located in a suburban neighborhood in Dead Run. Two sampling locations on institutional lawns were located at University of Maryland Baltimore County. At the exurban study houses and institutional lawns sites,we identified one hillslope to conduct sampling on. At the Dead Run houses we identified one hillslope on the front yard and one in the backyard as there were distinct locations that were not present in the exurban neighborhood. In total we sampled on 16 hillslopes. At each hillslope, we identified the top, toe and swale locations. At each hillslope location, we selected three sampling locations along a transect (maximum 10 meters in length; total of 144 sampling locations). At each sampling location we ran a Cornell Sprinkle Infiltrometer to measure sorptivity and saturated infiltration rates. Volumetric water content was measured before and after infiltrometer runs with a Field Scout TDR 300 with 7.5 cm rods. In addition, at each sampling location we took two soil cores to 10 cm depth, and combined and homogenized the two cores for that sampling location for a total of 144 soil samples. Soil cores were stored on ice in the field, and then stored at 4°C in the

openOpenAug 2003View details →

Soil nitrogen cycling in a boreal hardwood forest in relation to the phenolic compound bearing species Ledum palustre

Ledum palustre (Labrador tea) is a late successional evergreen shrub widely distributed in boreal ecosystems that readily leaches high concentrations of soluble phenolic compounds into water. We selected this species in order to study whether leaf leachates could be responsible for the effects of plant canopy on N cycling under natural conditions. Organic matter content, soil respiration and net N mineralization were measured in organic and mineral soil horizons and gross N mineralization was also measured in mineral soils sampled underneath L. palustre in a hardwood forest dominated by Populus tremuloides and Betula neoalaskana. Soils were amended with L. palustre litter leachates and incubated in the laboratory. Because mineral soil is also influenced by the overlying organic horizon we also characterized some simple indices of the organic horizon carbon quality (lignin, cellulose and condensed tannins) to look for differences in likely decomposability. Our objectives were i) to determine whether L. palustre presence and L. palustre leachates addition changed soil N availability, and ii) to determine the specific N cycling processes that were affected, including changes in mineralization, nitrification or immobilization. We wanted to know whether L. palustre leachates could be a mechanism through which plant presence would impact N cycling.

openCustomJan 2020View details →

Examining the potential effects of phytophagous insect frass on forest nitrogen cycling at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1999 to 2001

Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle has increased the importance of understanding the major sources, sinks, and fluxes of the cycle within natural ecosystems. One poorly understood component of the nitrogen cycle in forest ecosystems is the contribution of phytophagous insect frass on soil N-cycling dynamics. This study proposes to investigate the influence of frass on (1) the dynamics of soil N-cycling; (2) the loss of N from the ecosystem via leaching; (3) the slow cycle decomposition of post-herbivore leaf litter; and (4) the overall potential of soil near the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory to retain nitrogen. Red Oak (Quercus rubra [Fagaceae]) saplings will be subjected to defoliation by the seasonal phytophagous insect larvae of the White-Marked Tussock Moth (Orgyia leucostigma [Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae]) and the frass added to the soil in a factorial, controlled experimental design. Soil nutrient concentrations, leachate nutrient concentrations, "soil" respiration, and leaf quality will be measured. The project is expected to increase our understanding of the complex relationship between above-ground and below-ground nitrogen cycling dynamics as well as inform the current debate concerning the relative impacts and importance of human versus natural alterations to the nitrogen cycle.

openCC (other)May 2020View details →

Depth patterns of gross nitrogen cycling and soil exoenzyme activities for three northern hardwood forests

Despite the enormous size of the organic nitrogen (N) pool contained in mineral subsoils, rates of N cycling and soil exoenzyme activities are rarely measured in soils below 10 or 20 cm depth. Furthermore, assumed relationships between N mineralization rates and the activities of various decomposition exoenzymes are poorly characterized. We measured rates of gross and net N mineralization and nitrification as well as the potential activities of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes at five soil depths (forest floor to 50 cm) in Spodosols at three hardwood forests of varying age (45 and 100 years post-harvest and old growth) at and near the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA. As expected, rates of N cycling and potential enzyme activities per unit soil mass correlated strongly with soil carbon (C) concentration, and these parameters declined exponentially with increasing soil depth. After normalization per unit soil organic matter, N cycling rates and specific enzyme activities generally decreased little with depth within the mineral soil. Gross N mineralization rates correlated with specific activities of those enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose (β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase) and N-rich glucosamine polymers (N-acetylglucosaminidase), but not those that degrade protein or more complex C compounds. Hence, gross N cycling appear associated with the N released during microbial N recycling, rather than from decomposition of soil organic matter. Across the three stands, the youngest had a larger ratio of N- to-phosphorus-acquiring enzyme activities, indicating a greater N demand in younger than older forests. For all three stands, mineral soil below 10 cm contributed 30–53% of total gross and net N cycling per unit area to 50 cm depth. Overall, even though microbial N cycling and enzyme activities per unit soil mass decreased with depth, microbial processes in subsoils contributed substantially to ecosystem-scale gross N fluxes because of the sustained m

openCustomFeb 2010View details →

Network analysis of nitrogen cycling in Hog Island Bay, VA and Sacca di Goro, IT

This data was used in a Network Analysis of Nitrogen Cycling in two shallow coastal lagoons: Hog Island Bay in Virginia, USA and Sacca di Goro in Italy. This dataset consists of data in the Excel spreadsheet formatted for use with the WAND software package (http://www.dsa.unipr.it/netanalysis/?Software).

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Data from: Soils from cold and snowy temperate deciduous forests release more nitrogen and phosphorus after soil freeze–thaw cycles than soils from warmer, snow-poor conditions

Effects of global warming are most pronounced in winter. A reduction in snow cover due to warmer atmospheric temperature in formerly cold ecosystems, however, could counteract an increase in soil temperature by reduction of insulation. Thus, soil freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) might increase in frequency and magnitude with warming, potentially leading to a disturbance of the soil biota and release of nutrients. Here, we assessed how soil freeze-thaw magnitude and frequency affect short-term release of nutrients in temperate deciduous forest soils by conducting a three factorial gradient experiment with ex-situ soil samples in climate chambers. The fully-crossed experiment included soils from forests dominated by Fagus sylvatica (European beech) that originate from different winter climate (mean coldest month temperature range ΔT > 4 K), a range of FTC magnitudes from no (T = 4.0 °C) to strong (T = -11.3 °C) soil frost, and a range of FTC frequencies (f = 0–7). We hypothesized that higher FTC magnitude and frequency, respectively, will increase the release of nutrients. Furthermore, soils from cold climates with historically stable winter soil temperatures due to deep snow cover will be more responsive to FTC than soils from warmer, more fluctuating winter soil climates. FTC magnitude and, to a lesser extent, also FTC frequency resulted in increased nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate release almost exclusively in soils from cold, snow-rich sites. The hierarchical regression analyses of our three-factorial gradient experiment revealed that the effects of climatic origin (mean minimum winter temperature) followed a sigmoidal curve for all studied nutrients and was modulated either by FTC magnitude (phosphate) or by FTC magnitude and frequency (nitrate, ammonium) in complex two- and, for all studied nutrients, in threefold interactions of the environmental drivers. Compared to initial concentrations, soluble nutrients were predicted to increase to 250 % for nitrate (up to 16 µg NO3-N kg-1DM), to 110 % for ammonium (up to 60 µg NH4-N kg-1DM), and to 400 % for phosphate (2.2 µg PO4-P kg-1DM) at the coldest site for strongest magnitude and highest frequency. Soils from warmer sites showed little nutrient release and were largely unaffected by the FTC treatments except for above-average nitrate release at the warmest sites in response to extremely cold FTC magnitude. We suggest that currently warmer forest soils have historically already passed the point of high responsiveness to winter climate change, displaying some form of adaptation either in the soil biotic composition or in labile nutrient sources. Our data suggests that previously cold sites, which will lose their protective snow cover during climate change, are most vulnerable to increasing FTC frequency and magnitude, resulting in strong shifts in nitrogen and phosphorus release. In nutrient poor European beech forests of the studied Pleistocene lowlands, nutrients released over winter may be leached out, inducing reduced plant growth rates in the following growing season. Here, we provide the raw data of a three-factorial regression experiment and the R-Code used in the hierarchical regression analysis of this raw data in Kreyling et al.: Soils from cold and snowy temperate deciduous forests release more nitrogen and phosphorus after soil freeze-thaw cycles than soils from warmer, snow-poor conditions.

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

Frugivory underpins the nitrogen cycle

1. Tropical rainforests are populated by large frugivores that feed upon fruit-producing woody species, yet their role in regulating the cycle of globally important biogeochemical elements such as nitrogen is still unknown. This is particularly relevant because tropical forests play a prominent role in the nitrogen cycle and are becoming rapidly defaunated. Furthermore, frugivory is not considered in current plant-large herbivore-nutrient cycling frameworks exclusively focused on grazers and browsers. 2. Here we used a long-term replicated paired control-exclusion experiment in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, where peccaries and tapirs are the largest native frugivores, to examine the impact of large ground-dwelling frugivores on modulating soil nitrogen cycling, considering their effects across a gradient of abundance of a hyper-dominant palm. 3. We found that both large frugivores and dominant palms play a substantial role in modulating ammonium availability and nitrification rates. Large frugivores increased ammonium by 95%, which also increased additively with palm abundance. Nitrification rates increased with palm abundance in the presence of large frugivores, but not on exclosure plots. Large frugivores also stimulated the regulation of the functions of soil nitrifying microorganisms, and modulated the landscape-scale variance in nitrogen availability. Such joint effects of large frugivores and palms are consistent with the notion of "fruiting lawns". 4. Our study indicates that frugivory plays a pivotal role in zoogeochemistry in tropical forests by regulating and structuring the nitrogen cycle, urging to accommodate frugivory in plant-large herbivore-nutrient cycling frameworks. It also indicates that defaunation, deforestation and illegal palm and timber harvesting seriously affect nitrogen cycling in tropical forests, that play a prominent role in the global cycle of this nutrient.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Nitrogen cycling and export in California chaparral: the role of climate in shaping ecosystem responses to fire

Climate change models predict that interannual rainfall variability will increase in California over the next several decades; these changes will likely influence how frequently California ecosystems burn and how they respond to fire. Fires uncouple N mobilization from uptake by destroying plant biomass and increasing nitrification. Following fire, autumn and winter rains can leach N into streams from slopes that have been denuded. The amount of N exported depends on how rapidly soil microbes metabolize it into mobile forms such as NO3-, and the rate that recovering plants take up available N. However, the long-term effects of a changing climate on postfire N dynamics remain unknown. We used the ecohydrologic model RHESSys (regional hydro-ecologic simulation system) to evaluate how interannual climate variability may affect the magnitude of N mineralization, nitrification, N export, and plant recovery following fire. N export was highest when fire was followed by drought; even though there was less water moving through the system, dry conditions prolonged the period during which N mobilization was decoupled from plant uptake. We also found that the effects of drought on N export were magnified in stands dominated by obligate seeders, which initially recovered more slowly than resprouters. These findings suggest that climate may regulate N balance most powerfully by influencing how quickly plants "turn on" and begin to immobilize N.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

data for publication "Dynamics of soil nitrogen and N-cycling-related genes following the application of biobased fertilizers"

Dataset for the scientific publication titled "Dynamics of soil nitrogen and N-cycling-related genes following the application of biobased fertilizers" in the Journal <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/applied-soil-ecology">Applied Soil Ecology</a>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.105033">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.105033</a>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES: Defining the Sphagnum core microbiome across the North American continent reveals a central role for diazotrophic-methanotrophs in the nitrogen and carbon cycles of boreal peatland ecosystems

Peat mosses of the genus Sphagnum are ecosystem engineers that frequently predominate over photosynthetic production in boreal peatlands. Sphagnum spp. host diverse microbial communities capable of nitrogen-fixation (diazotrophy) and methane oxidation (methanotrophy), thereby potentially supporting plant growth under severely nutrient-limited conditions. Moreover, diazotrophic-methanotrophs represent a possible "missing link" between the carbon and nitrogen cycles, but the functional contributions of the Sphagnum-associated microbiome remain in question. A combination of metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and dual-isotope incorporation assays was applied to investigate Sphagnum microbiome community composition across the North American continent and provide empirical evidence for diazotrophic-methanotrophy in Sphagnum-dominated ecosystems. Remarkably consistent prokaryotic communities were detected in over 250 Sphagnum SSU rRNA libraries from peatlands across the US (5 states, 17 bog/fen sites, 18 Sphagnum species), with twelve genera of the core microbiome comprising 60% of the relative microbial abundance. Additionally, nitrogenase (nifH) and SSU rRNA gene amplicon analysis revealed that nitrogen-fixing populations made up nearly 15% of the prokaryotic communities, predominated by Nostocales cyanobacteria and Rhizobiales methanotrophs. While cyanobacteria comprised the vast majority (>95%) of diazotrophs detected in amplicon and metagenome analyses, obligate methanotrophs of the genus Methyloferula (order Rhizobiales) accounted for one-quarter of transcribed nifH genes. Furthermore, in dual-isotope tracer experiments, members of the Rhizobiales showed substantial incorporation of 13C-CH4 and 15N-N2 isotopes into their rRNA. Our study characterizes the core Sphagnum microbiome across large spatial scales and indicates that diazotrophic methanotrophs, here defined as obligate methanotrophs of the rare biosphere (Methyloferula spp. of the Rhizobiales) that also carry out diazotrophy, play a keystone role in coupling of the carbon and nitrogen cycles in nutrient-poor peatlands.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Freshwater viral metagenome assembled genomes (vMAGs) used for vContact2 analysis in publication Genome-resolved metaproteomics decodes the microbial and viral contributions to coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling in river sediments

This dataset contains all freshwater viruses that were mined from publicly available data in an effort to provide biogeographical context to viral communities identified from the Columbia River. These two files include data from: 1) East River, CO (PRJNA579838) 2) A previous study from the Columbia River, WA (PRJNA375338) 3) Prairie Potholes, ND (PRJNA365086) 4) Amazon River (PRJNA237344)   Manuscript title Genome-resolved metaproteomics decodes the microbial and viral contributions to coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling in river sediments

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Spatial and seasonal distribution of selected nitrogen cycle genes in deep waters of the Baltic Proper

The dataset provides information on nitrogen cycle related bins and gene characteristics across selected depths within the IDEAL, P1, and BY15 sites in the Baltic Sea. The dataset includes details such as gene spans, gene lengths, gene names, and the processes to which each gene is assigned. Additionally, it contains raw read counts, RPKM (reads per kilobase of transcript, per million mapped reads), family, phylum, bin, site, common bin identifiers for sites, and seasonal variations. Bin parameters, along with lineage-specific markers, are included to estimate the completeness of the bins. We focused on nitrogen loss processes (denitrification, anammox), reduction processes (dissimilatory nitrate reduction (DNR), dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA)), and oxidation (nitrification). The reported results were obtained within the framework of the statutory activities of the Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the following research project: 2019/34/E/ST10/00217 funded by the Polish National Science Centre.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Desiccation and rehydration of mosses greatly increases resource fluxes that alter soil carbon and nitrogen cycling

1. Mosses often have positive effects on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, but we know little about how environmentally determined cycles of desiccation and rehydration in mosses influence these processes. 2. In this context, we compared carbon and nitrogen in throughfall after precipitation passed through eight moss species that were either hydrated continuously or desiccated and rehydrated. Also, the throughfall of four moss species was added to soil and used to determine the net effect of carbon and nitrogen added in moss throughfall on soil CO2 and N2O efflux. 3. Depending on the species, desiccated-rehydrated (rehydrated) mosses lost 2-31 times more carbon in throughfall than mosses that were continuously hydrated (hydrated). Hydrated mosses lost little to no detectable nitrogen; whereas most rehydrated mosses lost some nitrogen in throughfall. Throughfall from both hydrated and rehydrated mosses generated higher CO2 and N2O efflux than water treated soils, but rehydrated moss throughfall promoted larger N2O efflux than hydrated moss throughfall. Throughfall from hydrated mosses caused net negative changes in soil carbon and had very little effect on soil nitrogen, whereas throughfall from rehydrated mosses generated positive changes in soil carbon and nitrogen. 4. Synthesis. Our results indicate that resources lost from desiccated mosses during rehydration influence soil carbon and nitrogen transformations and may be important drivers of carbon and nitrogen cycling and storage in ecosystems.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

Effects of salt marsh vegetation zonation on carbon and nitrogen cycling in Connecticut

Coastal marshes fringing the Long Island Sound (Connecticut, USA) are dynamic ecosystems positioned at the interface between land and sea, and provide an array of essential ecosystem services to society associated with improved water quality, carbon sequestration, and disturbance regulation. However, these wetlands are increasingly altered by rising seas and invasive species, and have been affected by historical management such as tidal manipulation. We conducted a survey of 20 Connecticut salt marshes (10 tidally restored, 10 unrestricted references) in 2017 to quantify carbon mineralization, denitrification potential, microbial community composition, above and belowground biomass and a suite of sediment characteristics. Carbon density was our only paramenter that differed between unrestricted and tidally restored marshes, but we observed strong differences across vegetation zones, with vegetation being a top predictor of microbial respiration and potential denitrification rates. Based on sea-level rise model projections, the replacement of S. patens by short-form S. alterniflora is expected to be widespread across the Connecticut coastline, decreasing statewide potential denitrification from the low-to-high marsh transitional zone. Our results suggest that changes in vegetation zones can serve as landscape-scale predictors of the rapid changes occurring in salt marshes.