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50 results for “Nitrogen fixing”
Data from: Larger plants promote a greater diversity of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria associated with an Australian endemic legume
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Nitrogen-fixing plants increase soil nitrogen and neighboring plant biomass, but decrease community diversity: A meta-analysis reveals the mediating role of soil texture
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Data from: Multiple mutualist effects on genomewide expression in the tripartite association between Medicago truncatula, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi
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Negative trait-based association between abundance of nitrogen fixing trees and long-term tropical forest biomass accumulation
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Data from: Patterns of nitrogen-fixing tree abundance in forests across Asia and America
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Data from: Comparative genomics of the nonlegume Parasponia reveals insights into evolution of nitrogen-fixing rhizobium symbioses
Nodules harboring nitrogen-fixing rhizobia are a well-known trait of legumes, but nodules also occur in other plant lineages, with rhizobia or the actinomycete Frankia as microsymbiont. It is generally assumed that nodulation evolved independently multiple times. However, molecular-genetic support for this hypothesis is lacking, as the genetic changes underlying nodule evolution remain elusive. We conducted genetic and comparative genomics studies by using Parasponia species (Cannabaceae), the only nonlegumes that can establish nitrogen-fixing nodules with rhizobium. Intergeneric crosses between Parasponia andersonii and its nonnodulating relative Trema tomentosa demonstrated that nodule organogenesis, but not intracellular infection, is a dominant genetic trait. Comparative transcriptomics of P. andersonii and the legume Medicago truncatula revealed utilization of at least 290 orthologous symbiosis genes in nodules. Among these are key genes that, in legumes, are essential for nodulation, including NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) and RHIZOBIUM-DIRECTED POLAR GROWTH (RPG). Comparative analysis of genomes from three Parasponia species and related nonnodulating plant species show evidence of parallel loss in nonnodulating species of putative orthologs of NIN, RPG, and NOD FACTOR PERCEPTION. Parallel loss of these symbiosis genes indicates that these nonnodulating lineages lost the potential to nodulate. Taken together, our results challenge the view that nodulation evolved in parallel and raises the possibility that nodulation originated ∼100 Mya in a common ancestor of all nodulating plant species, but was subsequently lost in many descendant lineages. This will have profound implications for translational approaches aimed at engineering nitrogen-fixing nodules in crop plants.
Data from: Greater root phosphatase activity in nitrogen-fixing rhizobial but not actinorhizal plants with declining phosphorus availability
1. The abundance of nitrogen (N)-fixing plants in ecosystems where phosphorus (P) limits plant productivity poses a paradox because N fixation entails a high P cost. One explanation for this paradox is that the N-fixing strategy allows greater root phosphatase activity to enhance P acquisition from organic sources, but evidence to support this contention is limited. 2. We measured root phosphomonoesterase (PME) activity of 10 N-fixing species, including rhizobial legumes and actinorhizal Allocasuarina species, and eight non-N-fixing species across a retrogressive soil chronosequence showing a clear shift from N to P limitation of plant growth and representing a strong natural gradient in P availability. 3. Legumes showed greater root PME activity than non-legumes, with the difference between these two groups increasing markedly as soil P availability declined. By contrast, root PME activity of actinorhizal species was always lower than that of co-occurring legumes and not different from non-N-fixing plants. 4. The difference in root PME activity between legumes and actinorhizal plants was not reflected in a greater or similar reliance on N fixation for N acquisition by actinorhizal species compared to co-occurring legumes. 5. Synthesis. Our results support the idea that N-fixing legumes show high root phosphatase activity, especially at low soil P availability, but suggest that this is a phylogenetically conserved trait rather than one directly linked to their N-fixation capacity.
Figure 1 in Nitrogen-fixing Cyanothece sp. as a mixotroph and silver nanoparticle synthesizer: a multitasking exceptional cyanobacterium
Figure 1. FTIR spectrum of biogenic silver nanoparticles from unfiltered external solution of Cyanothece sp.
Data from: Divergent pathways of nitrogen-fixing trees through succession depend on starting nitrogen supply and priority effects
<p>Nitrogen-fixing trees are a major potential source of nitrogen into terrestrial ecosystems. The degree to which they persist into older forests has considerable implications for forest nitrogen budgets. We characterized nitrogen-fixing tree abundance across stand age in the contiguous United States and analyzed a theoretical model to help understand competitive outcomes and successional trajectories of nitrogen-fixing and nonfixing trees. Nitrogen-fixing tree abundance is bimodal in all regions except the northeastern United States, even in older forests, suggesting that competitive exclusion (including priority effects) is more common than coexistence at the spatial scale of our analysis. Our model analysis suggests conditions under which alternative competitive outcomes are possible and when they are transient (lasting decades-centuries) vs. persistent (millennia). Critically, the timescale of the feedbacks between nitrogen-fixation and soil nitrogen supply, which is thought to drive the exclusion of nitrogen-fixing trees through succession, can be long. Therefore, the long-transient outcomes of competition are more relevant for real forests than the long-term equilibrium. Within these long-term transients, the background soil nitrogen supply is a major determinant of competitive outcomes. Consistent with the expectations of resource ratio theory, competitive exclusion is more likely at high and low nitrogen supply while intermediate nitrogen supply makes coexistence or priority effects possible. However, these outcomes are modified by the nitrogen-fixation strategy: Obligate nitrogen-fixation makes coexistence more likely than priority effects, compared to perfectly facultative fixation. These results advance our understanding of the successional trajectories of nitrogen-fixing trees and their effects on ecosystem development in secondary succession.</p>
Silicon enrichment alters functional traits in legumes depending on plant genotype and symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
<p>1. Silicon (Si) uptake and deposition (silicification) in tissues is known to alleviate stresses and generally improve plant health. This is mostly studied in Si-high accumulators, such as grasses, with comparatively less known about its effects on other plant functional groups, such as legumes. There is speculation that Si may positively impact the symbiosis between legumes and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) they associate with, but this is poorly understood. This study examined the effects of Si enrichment on legume species associated with rhizobia and the potential underlying mechanism of Si impacts.</p> <p>2. We conducted a glasshouse experiment with lucerne (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) and barrel medic (<i>M. truncatula</i>) associated with a model rhizobial strain. Six genotypes (three per species) were either supplemented with Si (+Si) or untreated (-Si). We quantified 16 functional traits which could be classified as plant growth, physiology, elemental chemistry, nodule activity and nitrogen fixation.</p> <p>3. The two legume species responded to Si distinctively. For example, Si supplementation increased shoot biomass by more than 10% in lucerne but growth was unaffected in barrel medic. Conversely, nitrogen-fixing enzyme (nitrogenase) activity was promoted by more than 85% in +Si barrel medic plants but not in lucerne. Moreover, Si supplementation of lucerne increased the concentrations of Si in leaves by more than 36% but not in root nodules. Increased foliar concentrations of Si in lucerne was positively associated with increased shoot and root biomass in Sequel and Trifecta genotypes, respectively. Conversely, Si supplementation of barrel medic increased the concentration of Si in root nodules by 29% but not that in foliar tissues. Nitrogenase activity and where silicification occurred, differed between genotypes in barrel medic; nitrogenase activity was correlated with concentrations of Si in root nodules rather than that in foliar tissues in one genotype (Sephi) but the reverse was true in another (Hannaford).</p> <p>4.This study demonstrates that two closely related legume species can respond to Si in distinct ways, depending on plant genotype and symbiosis. These results present the overlooked function of Si in legume-rhizobia interactions, which could potentially enhance productivity of this important group of plants.</p>
Data from: Stream nitrogen concentration, but not plant N-fixing capacity, modulates litter diversity effects on decomposition
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Data from: Greater root phosphatase activity in nitrogen-fixing rhizobial but not actinorhizal plants with declining phosphorus availability
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Nitrogen-fixing trees increase soil nitrous oxide emissions: A meta-analysis
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Data from: Comparative genomics of the nonlegume Parasponia reveals insights into evolution of nitrogen-fixing rhizobium symbioses
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Silicon enrichment alters functional traits in legumes depending on plant genotype and symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
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Data from: Divergent pathways of nitrogen-fixing trees through succession depend on starting nitrogen supply and priority effects
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Reprogramming of root cells during nitrogen-fixing symbiosis entails dynamic polysome association of coding and non-coding RNAs
GEO Series GSE133510. Medicago truncatula. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Molecular bases of strain-specific responses of Phaseolus vulgaris roots to symbiotic bacteria with different efficiency in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis
GEO Series GSE155568. Phaseolus vulgaris. 30 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Phytoplankton transcriptomic and physiological responses to fixed nitrogen in the California Current System
GEO Series GSE130464. uncultured marine microorganism. 23 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Data from: Nitrogen-fixing tree abundance in higher-latitude North America is not constrained by diversity
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.