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opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Species richness in North Atlantic fish: process concealed by pattern

Aim Previous analyses of marine fish species richness based on presence-absence data have shown changes with latitude and average species size, but little is known about the underlying processes. To elucidate these processes we use metabolic, neutral, and descriptive statistical models to analyse how richness responds to maximum species length, fish abundance, temperature, primary production, depth, latitude, and longitude, while accounting for differences in species catchability, sampling effort, and mesh size. Data Results from 53,382 bottom trawl hauls representing 50 fish assemblages. Location The northern Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Guinea, the Mediterranean, the Arctic Sea. Time period 1977-2013 Methods A descriptive Generalised Additive Model was used to identify functional relationships between species richness and potential drivers, after which non-linear estimation techniques were used to parameterize: 1) a 'best' fitting model of species richness built on the functional relationships, 2) an environmental model based on latitude, longitude and depth, and mechanistic models based on 3) metabolic and 4) neutral theory. Results In the 'best' model the number of species observed is a lognormal function of maximum species length. It increases significantly with temperature, primary production, sampling effort, and abundance, and declines with depth and, for small species, with the mesh size in the trawl. The 'best' model explains close to 90% of the deviance and the neutral, metabolic, and environmental models 89%. In all four models, maximum species length and either temperature or latitude account for more than half of the deviance explained. Main conclusion The two mechanistic models explain the patterns in demersal fish species richness in the northern Atlantic almost equally well. A better understanding of the underlying drivers is likely to require development of dynamic mechanistic models of richness and size evolution, fit not only to extant distributions, but also to historical environmental conditions and to past speciation and extinction rates.

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Figure 1 in New records of non-indigenous fishes (Perciformes and Tetraodontiformes) from the Canary Islands (north-eastern Atlantic)

Figure 1. - The Canary Islands and the study area.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2015View details →

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Figure 1 in Cryptic speciation at organic-rich marine habitats: a new bacteriovore annelid from whale-fall and fish farms in the North-East Atlantic

Figure 1. Map showing collection sites in Sweden and Norway for the new species.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2009View details →

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Data and code for: Trapped DNA fragments in marine sponge specimens unveil north Atlantic deep-sea fish diversity

Sponges pump water to filter feed and for diffusive oxygen uptake. In doing so, trace DNA fragments from a multitude of organisms living around them are trapped in their tissues. Here we show that the environmental DNA retrieved from archived marine sponge specimens can reconstruct the fish communities at the place of sampling and discriminate North Atlantic assemblages according to biogeographic region (from Western Greenland to Svalbard), depth habitat (80–1600 m), and even the level of protection in place. Given the cost associated with ocean biodiversity surveys, we argue that targeted and opportunistic sponge samples – as well as the specimens already stored in museums and other research collections – represent an invaluable trove of biodiversity information that can significantly extend the reach of ocean monitoring.

publicJan 2021View details →

Species richness in North Atlantic fish: process concealed by pattern

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publicAug 2023View details →

Data and code for: Trapped DNA fragments in marine sponge specimens unveil north Atlantic deep-sea fish diversity

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FIGURE 5 in Two new miniature silverside fishes of the genus Membras Bonaparte (Atheriniformes, Atherinopsidae) from the Tropical North Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 5. Shape space: principal components of Procrustes-aligned, scale-adjusted shape space (= relative warps); 99% confidence limits shown for each species, the dots indicate the centroid value for each species; the dashed line in the Membras martinica ellipse demarcates the area of the ellipse occupied by individuals less than 45 mm SL. The ellipses are: 1 Membras martinca; 2 M. analis; 3 M. dissimilis; 4. M. procera sp. nov.; 5 M. argentea; 6 M. pygmaea sp. nov.

FIGURE 2 in Two new miniature silverside fishes of the genus Membras Bonaparte (Atheriniformes, Atherinopsidae) from the Tropical North Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 2. Map of Honduras to northern Colombia showing the localities for Membras pygmaea sp. nov., Brus Lagoon, Honduras and M. procera sp. nov., Gulf of Urabá, Colombia.

FIGURE 4 in Two new miniature silverside fishes of the genus Membras Bonaparte (Atheriniformes, Atherinopsidae) from the Tropical North Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 4. Outline of Membras pygmaea sp. nov., showing the landmarks that were digitized. The dashed line on the ventral side indicates the location of the anal pore. The digitized landmarks: 1 tip of snout; 2 posterior margin of occiput; 3 origin of spinous dorsal fin; 4 origin of second dorsal fin; 5 terminus of second dorsal fin; 6 posterior margin of hypural plate; 7 terminus of anal fin; 8 origin of anal fin; 9 insertion of pelvic fin; 10 posterior bony margin of head; 11 insertion of pectoral fin; 12 posterior extent of gular region; 13 posterior margin of orbit; 14 anterior margin of orbit; 15 posterior margin of upper jaw.

FIGURE 1 in Two new miniature silverside fishes of the genus Membras Bonaparte (Atheriniformes, Atherinopsidae) from the Tropical North Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 1. Map of southern Central America and South America showing the distribution of the miniature species of the Membras martinica species-group as follows: (i) star—M. pygmaea sp. nov., Brus Lagoon, Honduras; (ii) triangle—M. procera sp. nov., Gulf of Urabá, Colombia; (iii) circle—M. argentea, off Sabanilla, Colombia; (iv) arrow—M. analis, off Lago Maracaibo, Venezuela; and (v) square—M. dissimilis, off Cananéia, Brazil.

FIGURE 3. A in Two new miniature silverside fishes of the genus Membras Bonaparte (Atheriniformes, Atherinopsidae) from the Tropical North Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 3. A. Membras pygmaea sp. nov., holotype, FMNH 117282, 40.2 mm SL. B. Membras procera sp. nov., holotype, ANSP 153427, 36.6 mm SL.

FIGURE 6 in Two new miniature silverside fishes of the genus Membras Bonaparte (Atheriniformes, Atherinopsidae) from the Tropical North Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 6. Deformation grids among landmarks for the shape space in Figure 5. The vectors coming off the grids indicate: i) the magnitude of the changes such that individuals with higher scores (to the right of PC1 or the top of PC2) are enlarged morphologically; and ii) the directions of the displacement of the landmarks.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

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Sea-surface temperature anomalies mediate changes in fish richness and abundance in Western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico estuaries

Aim: Anthropogenic-driven warming of marine systems has resulted in a series of biological and physiological responses that are fundamentally altering ecosystem structure. Because estuaries exist at the land-ocean interface, they are particularly vulnerable to the effects of ocean warming as they can undergo rapid biogeochemical and hydrological shifts due to climate and land-use change. We explored how fish diversity structures—turnover, richness and abundance—have changed in the western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico estuaries through space and time and the drivers of change. Location: North Atlantic and Northern Gulf of Mexico Taxa: Fish Results: We found that species richness and abundance, turnover have increased in North Atlantic and northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries in the last 3 decades. These changes were mediated largely by sea-surface temperature anomalies, especially in more northern estuaries where warming has been relatively pronounced. There is also an indication that urbanization, perhaps through habitat fragmentation and/or fisheries activities may be contributing to the increase in fish richness in many of these estuaries. Main Conclusion: The increasing trajectory of turnover in many of the estuaries suggests that the fish communities have changed fundamentally from the baselines. A fundamental change in community composition can lead to an irreversible trophic imbalance or alternative stable states among other outcomes. Thus, predicting how shifting community structures might influence food webs, ecosystem stability and human resource use remains a pertinent task.

FIGURE 4 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of Suite 2 Elacatinus: coral-dwelling, cleaning species with subterminal mouth position.

FIGURE 3 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 3. Tropical western North Atlantic species of Suite 2 Elacatinus: coral-dwelling, cleaning species with subterminal mouth position. A. Elacatinus sp. 1 (Cayman Islands), B. E. genie (Bahamas), C. E. randalli (photo J.E. Randall), D. E. prochilos (Barbados).

FIGURE 2 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of Suite 1 Elacatinus: coral-dwelling, cleaning species with inferior mouth position.

FIGURE 1 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 1. Tropical western North Atlantic species of Suite 1 Elacatinus: coral-dwelling, cleaning species with inferior mouth position. A. Elacatinus oceanops (Florida), B. E. " lobeli" (Belize), C. E. evelynae (white form-Jamaica), D. E. evelynae (yellow-blue form-Bahamas), E. E. evelynae (yellow form-NE Bahamas), F. E. illecebrosus (yellow form- Panama), G. E. illecebrosus (blue form-Colombia)(Photo-C. Roesler).

FIGURE 5 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 5. Tropical western North Atlantic species of Suite 3 Elacatinus: shallow water sponge-dwelling species. A. Elacatinus chancei (Bahamas), B. E. horsti (yellow form-Curacao), C. E. horsti (white form-Jamaica), D. E. lori (Belize)(Photo J.E. Randall), E. E. xanthiprora (yellow form-Florida), F. E. serranilla (Serranilla Bank), G. E. colini (Belize)(photo P.S. Lobel).

FIGURE 9 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 9. Tropical western North Atlantic species of Suite 5 Elacatinus: hovering planktivores. A. Elacatinus atronasus (dorsal aspect-Bahamas), B. E. atronasus (Bahamas), C. E. jarocho (Veracruz, Mexico)(photo by L. Akins).