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174 results for “Oil palm”
Figure 2 in Field application of six commercial essential oils against Date Palm mite, Phyllotetranychus aegypticus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in Egypt
Figure 2. The relationship between numbers of Phyllotetranychus aegyptiacus active stages/50 leaflets of palm trees (treated and control), and the optimum temperature recorded (°C) during spring, summer, and autumn 2018 in Giza.
Fig. 1 in Giant rhinoceros beetle Golofa claviger (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastini) is damaging North Brazilian oil palm plantations
Fig. 1. Golofa claviger on oil palm. A – specimens collected in the infested area; B – dead males of G. claviger sheltered on the rachis or stem angles of the young palm; C – adult male lying on a palm leaflet; D – ripped young frond; E and F – wedge-shaped cuts on young, not yet unfurled frond; G – ripped unfurled frond.
Data from: Shifting agriculture supports more tropical forest birds than oil palm or teak plantations in Mizoram, northeast India
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Soil and litter chemistry, soil microbial communities and litter decomposition from tropical forest and oil palm
<b>Description: </b><p>A study examining the interactions between soil chemistry, litter chemistry and soil microbial decomposers as controls on rates of litter decomposition across a tropical land use disturbance gradient. Co-located soil and litter samples were collected from old growth forest, moderately logged forest, heavily logged forest and oil palm plantations. Soil and litter were chemically characterised and soil bacterial and fungal community composition and abundance were measured. These were then combined in fully factorial ex-situ microcosms and measured litter decomposition rates at 3 time points during different stages of decomposition.</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/124"><b>Biodiversity and land-use impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI): Quantifying biogeochemistry across forest disturbance gradients in Sabah</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>UK NERC-funded Biodiversity And Land-use Impacts on Tropical Ecosystem Function (BALI) consortium (Standard grant, NE/K016377/1)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.5 (20))</li><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Export licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/3 JLD.2 (70))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3929632">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: SAFE_Dataset.xlsx</p><p><b>SAFE_Dataset.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 5 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Soil_Properties</b> (described in worksheet Soil_Properties)</p><p>Description: Basic measured soil properties</p><p>Number of fields: 9</p><p>Number of data rows: 20</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Plot</b>: Plot name corresponding to the GEM Carbon plot where soils were sampled (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Plot_ID</b>: Plot ID indicating land use as referenced in the Frontiers in forests and global change publication "Soil microbial community and litter quality controls on decomposition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient" (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>location_name</b>: Name of subplot where soils were collected (Field type: location)</li><li><b>gravimetric moisture content</b>: Soil moisture content at the time of sample collection (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>soil_pH</b>: Soil pH measured on fresh soils (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>soil_N</b>: Total soil Nitrogen (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>soil_C</b>: Total soil Carbon (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>soil_C.N</b>: Soil carbon to nitrogen ratio (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>soil_P</b>: soil inorganic phosphorus (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Litter_Chemistry</b> (described in worksheet Litter_Chemistry)</p><p>Description: Litter chemistry data of mixed forest floor litter, collected, sorted to remove humified material, woody debris and dried</p><p>Number of fields: 20</p><p>Number of data rows: 40</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Plot</b>: Plot name corresponding to the GEM Carbon plot where soils were sampled (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Plot_ID</b>: Plot ID indicating land use as referenced in the Frontiers in forests and global change publication "Soil microbial community and litter quality controls on decomposition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient" (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>location_name</b>: Name of subplot where soils were collected (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Pretreatment</b>: Whether the litter sample was sterilised by autoclaving or not (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>leaf_K</b>: leaf potassium concentration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_Ca</b>: leaf Calcium concentration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_Mg</b>: leaf Magnesium concentration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_Al</b>: leaf aluminium concentration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_P</b>: leaf phosphorus concentrations (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>solubles</b>: leaf soluble cell content (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>hem_pro_cel_lig_rec</b>: leaf hemicellulose, proteins, cellulose, lignin and recalcitrant fibres (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>hem_pro</b>: leaf hemicellulose and proteins (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>cel_lig_rec</b>: leaf cellulose, lignin and recalcitrant fibres (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>cel</b>: leaf cellulose (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>lig_rec</b>: leaf lignin and recalcitrants (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_N</b>: leaf nitrogen concentration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_C</b>: leaf carbon concentration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>c.n</b>: leaf carbon to nitrogen ration (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13c</b>: leaf carbon stable isotope ratio (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d15n</b>: leaf nitrogen stable isotope ratio (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>PLFA_Concentrations</b> (described in worksheet PLFA_Concentrations)</p><p>Description: Phospolipid Fatty Acid (PLFA) concentrations as biomarkers of soil bacteria and fungi. Extracted from freeze dried soils prior to the microcosm experiment</p><p>Number of fields: 10</p><p>Number of data rows: 20</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Plot</b>: Plot name corresponding to the GEM Carbon plot where soils were sampled (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Plot_ID</b>: Plot ID indicating land use as referenced in the Frontiers in forests and global change publication "Soil microbial community and litter quality controls on decomposition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient" (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>location_name</b>: Name of subplot where soils were collected (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Total_PLFA</b>: Total PLFA concentrations extracted from soil samples (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Fungal_PLFA</b>: Fungal PLFA biomarker concentrations extracted from soils (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Bacteria_PLFA</b>: Bacteria PLFA biomarkers extracted from soils (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Fungal:Bacteria</b>: Ratio of fungal to bacteria PLFAs (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Gram_Pos_PLFA</b>: Gram Positive PLFA Biomarker concentrations extracted from soil (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Gram_Neg_PLFA</b>: Gram Negative PLFA Biomarker concentrations extracted from soil (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>GramPos:GramNeg</b>: Gram positive to Gram negative PLFA ratios (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Soil_Microbial_Communities</b> (described in worksheet Soil_Microbial_Communities)</p><p>Description: Summary diversity statistics from bacterial 16S and fungal ITS biomarker microbial sequencing. DNA extracted from soils prior to microcosm experiment</p><p>Number of fields: 9</p><p>Number of data rows: 20</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Plot</b>: Plot name corresponding to the GEM Carbon plot where soils were sampled (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Plot_ID</b>: Plot ID indicating land use as referenced in the Frontiers in forests and global change publication "Soil microbial community and litter quality controls on decomposition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient" (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>location_name</b>: Name of subplot where soils were collected (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Bacteria_Richness</b>: Number of observed bacterial taxa from sequencing of 16S marker genes from soil samples (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Bacteria_Shannon</b>: Bacterial Shannon diversity from 16S Marker gene sequencing (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Fungal_Richness</b>: Number of observed fungal taxa from sequencing of 16S marker genes from soil samples (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Fungal_Shannon</b>: Fungal Shannon diversity from 16S Marker gene sequencing (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Saprotrophic_Fungal_Richness</b>: Number of observed saprotrophic fungal taxa from sequencing of 16S marker genes from soil samples (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Saprotrophic_Fungal_Shannon</b>: Saprotrophic Fungal Shannon diversity from 16S Marker gene sequencing (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Ex_Situ_Litter_Decomposition</b> (described in worksheet Ex_Situ_Litter_Decomposition)</p><p>Description: Fully factorial litter decomposition experiment. 16 unique soil and litter combinations (4x4) were incubated in petri dishes at constant temperature and moisture and mass loss measured after 31, 105 and 398 days.</p><p>Number of fields: 8</p><p>Number of data rows: 240</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>location_name</b>: Name of subplot where soils were collected (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Soil_ID</b>: Soil ID indicating which land use soil was collected from (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Litter_Location</b>: Location of which GEM carbon plot the litter was collected from. Litter was collected from the 5 carbon subplots as per soil collection and homogenised into one composite sample per carbon plot (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Litter_ID</b>: Litter ID indicating which land use litter was collected from (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Experimental_Block</b>: Which experimental block the microcosm was assigned to. N= 5 (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>Timepoint</b>: At what timepoint the litter was harvested from each microcosm (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Mass_Loss</b>: The mass loss of litter relative to the starting mass of 1g (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>home_away</b>: Descriptor for whether the soil and litter combination in microcosm (Field type: categorical)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2014-10-01 to 2018-09-01</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6402 to 4.9539</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.4518 to 117.7942</p>
Forest conversion to oil palm compresses food chain length in tropical streams
<b>Description: </b><p>Fish stable isotope data associated with the paper in Ecology. This includes bulk and compound specific stable isotope raw data for fish at 17 streams over 2 sampling years, across a land use gradient</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/57"><b>Composition and abundance of tropical freshwater vertebrate communities across a land use gradient</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>Sime Darby Foundation (NA, NA)</li><li>Royal Geographic Society (RGS-IBG , PRA 01/16)</li><li>Royal Society (NA, NAF\R2\180791)</li><li>Singapore Ministry of Education (AcRF Tier 1 grant, R-154-000-A32-114)</li><li>Landmark Trust (Landmark Trust Futures Scheme , NA)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3974971">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: Fish_SIA_data2.xlsx</p><p><b>Fish_SIA_data2.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>SIA_data</b> (described in worksheet Data)</p><p>Description: raw stable isotope fish data </p><p>Number of fields: 13</p><p>Number of data rows: 202</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Date</b>: Date of sampling at each stream (Field type: date)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: Which stream was sampled (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Landuse</b>: Landuse of the stream sampled (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Species</b>: Species sampled (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>SIA</b>: Was bulk or compound specific SIA used (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>d15N_GLU</b>: d15N value of glutamic acid (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d15N_PHE</b>: d15N value of phenylalanine (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13C_ILE</b>: d13C value of Isoleucine (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13C_LEU</b>: d13C value of Leucine (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13C_PHE</b>: d13C value of phenylalanine (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13C_VAL</b>: d13C value of Valine (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>D15N</b>: D15N (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>D13C</b>: D13C (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2015-03-01 to 2017-05-30</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5770 to 4.9613</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.4441 to 117.8053</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Chordata <br> -  -  -  Actinopterygii <br> -  -  -  -  Cypriniformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cyprinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Luciosoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Luciosoma pelligrinii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora pycnopeza</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nematabramis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nematabramis everetti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hampala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hampala sabana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Puntius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Puntius sealei</i> (as synonym: <i>Barbodes sealei</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  Siluriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Clariidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Clarias</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Clarias anfractus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bagridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus baramensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Perciformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Channidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Channa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Channa striata</i> <br></div><p></p>
Data from: Deforestation risks posed by oil palm expansion in the Peruvian Amazon
Further expansion of agriculture in the tropics is likely to accelerate the loss of biodiversity. One crop of concern to conservation is African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). We examined recent deforestation associated with oil palm in the Peruvian Amazon within the context of the region's other crops. We found more area under oil palm cultivation (845 km2 ) than did previous studies. While this comprises less than 4% of the cropland in the region, it accounted for 11% of the deforestation from agricultural expansion from 2007 to 2013. Patches of oil palm agriculture were larger and more spatially clustered than for other crops, potentially increasing their impact on local habitat fragmentation. Modeling deforestation risk for oil palm expansion using climatic and edaphic factors showed that sites at lower elevations, with higher precipitation, and lower slopes than those typically used for intensive agriculture are at long-term risk of deforestation from oil palm agriculture. Within areas at long-term risks, based on CART models, areas near urban centers, roads, and previously deforested areas are at greatest short-term risk of deforestation. Existing protected areas and officially recognized indigenous territories cover large areas at long-term risk of deforestation for oil palm (>40%). Less than 7% of these areas are under strict (IUCN I-IV) protection. Based on these findings, we suggest targeted monitoring for oil palm deforestation as well as strengthening and expanding protected areas to conserve specific habitats.
Proximity to forest mediates trade-offs between yields and biodiversity of birds in oil palm smallholdings
<p>There is much debate about how best to mitigate the effects of agricultural expansion on biodiversity, especially in the tropics. Recent studies have emphasised that proximity to natural habitats can enhance farmland biodiversity, yet few studies have examined whether or not such proximity mediates local trade-offs between yields and biodiversity, and hence alters conclusions about the ecological benefits of alternative farming strategies. Here we examine yield-biodiversity trade-offs, focusing on birds in oil palm smallholdings at different distances from remaining areas of forest, including a large forest reserve, in Ghana. We found significantly fewer birds on higher-yielding than lower-yielding farms, in terms of both species richness and abundance. For forest specialist birds (likely to be highly vulnerable to conversion of land to agriculture) we also found a greater trade-off (i.e. lower richness and abundance for a given yield) at farms further from forest, to the extent that increasing distance to the nearest forest from 1 to 10 km had a similar effect as a 3- to 5-fold increase in fruit yield brought about by increased intensification. Our study highlights the importance of accounting for the effects of natural forest in the landscape when considering agricultural policies for biodiversity protection, underlining the importance of a landscape-scale approach to conservation.</p>
[VERSION 2] Data set and analytic codes supporting "How do management decisions impact butterfly assemblages in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia?"
<p>This is <strong>VERSION 2</strong> of data set and analytic codes (with a meta data [see the meta data from VERSION 1]) supporting "How do management decisions impact butterfly assemblages in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia?". We investigated the impacts of replanting and alternative replanting decisions (replanting with monoculture versus polyculture oil palm plantations) on within-plantation environmental conditions and butterfly assemblages (diversity, density, and composition). We also assessed the effects of habitat structure and complexity within plantations on butterfly assemblages. Apart from "BantingButterflies_ButterflyData", other data are the same as in VERSION 1.</p><p><strong>## List of changes:</strong></p><p># 1. <i>Tirumala septentrionis </i>was not included in the analyses because it should have been <i>Ideopsis vulgaris</i> (had been corrected),</p><p># 2. PC5 and PC6 (from PCA) were considered as predictors for the GLMs,</p><p># 3. The Mantel test was added.</p><p><strong>## Other notes:</strong></p><p># 1. Older version of ggiNEXT could work with facet.var = "site", now it needs to be "Assemblage"</p><p># 2. Older version of ggiNEXT could work with facet.var = "order", now it needs to be "Order.q"</p><p># 3. "set.seed(42)" function was used before running "iNEXT", ANOSIM, and the Mantel test to get reproducible outputs (exactly the same outputs every time each function is run).</p><p><strong>Funding and research permission:</strong> Jardine Foundation, the Cambridge Trust, and Tim Whitmore Fund provided funding for MFH, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) funded JS (USN: 304338625), and BBSRC (BB/T012366/1) provided funding for the establishment of the plots and surveys of environmental parameters. Research permission was provided by the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) of Malaysia's Prime Minister's Department for MFH (Ref: EPU 40/200/19/3727) and JS (Ref: MEA 40/200/19/3705).</p>
Data from: Higher avian biodiversity, increased shrub cover, and proximity to continuous forest may reduce pest insect crop loss in small-scale oil palm farming
<p>One of the key ecosystem services offered by avian biodiversity within agricultural landscapes is natural predation. Nonetheless, the current use of biological control agents such as farmland birds in oil palm plantations is relatively limited. The present study aimed to assess the potential roles of avian biodiversity, particularly insectivores which provide natural predation against oil palm herbivorous insects. We also investigated the influence of local- and landscape-scale variables on foliage damage (crown or frond). Our data showed that crown damage decreased with increasing farmland bird richness (overall and insectivore), shrub cover, dried biomass, and elevation, but increased with epiphyte cover, oil palm height, and distance to continuous forest. Frond damage was negatively related to bird richness (overall, insectivore, and non-insectivore) and non-insectivore abundance, elevation, and shrub cover, while increased with insectivorous abundance, epiphyte cover, oil palm height, and distance to continuous forest. We also found that plantations (≥ 50 ha) were more susceptible to foliage damage from pest insects than smallholdings (<50 ha). There was no evidence that indicated the influence of forest patches on foliage damage. Our study highlights the economic value of conserving biodiversity, most notably, farmland birds and continuous forests with respect to biological control of defoliating pests and maintaining yield productivity in oil palm cultivation. Growers, particularly major plantation companies should make oil palm farming more biodiversity-friendly in order to increase the number of biological control agents such as birds.</p>
No evidence for trade-offs between bird diversity, yield and water table depth on oil palm smallholdings: implications for tropical peatland landscape restoration
<p>Tropical peat swamp forests retain large carbon stocks and support unique biodiversity, but clearance and drainage for agriculture have resulted in fires, carbon emissions and biodiversity losses. Initiatives to re-wet cultivated peatlands may benefit biodiversity if this protects remaining forests from fire and agricultural encroachment, but there are concerns that re-wetting could reduce yields and damage livelihoods, as relationships between drainage, on-farm biodiversity, and crop yields have not been studied.</p> <p>We examined oil palm fruit yields and bird diversity on 41 smallholder farms in Jambi (Sumatra, Indonesia), which varied in drainage intensity (12-month mean water table per plot from August 2018 to August 2019: -52 to -3 cm below ground). We also compared farm bird diversity with a neighbouring area of protected forest (11,000 ha, 21 plots; mean water table per plot -3 to +15 cm).</p> <p>Bird species richness (3-18 species per plot), species composition, and oil palm yields (4.5-19.2 t fresh fruit bunch ha-1 yr-1) varied among farms, but were not detectably affected by water table depth, although ground-level vegetation was more complex on wetter farms. Bird richness in oil palm (mean = 10.3 species per plot) was <50% of that in forest (26 species per plot), and only three out of 35 conservation-priority species found in forest were recorded in oil palm.</p> <p>Synthesis & applications: Tropical peatlands in Indonesia have been drained to allow farmer access and improve farm yields, but we found no trade-offs between drainage depth, yields or bird diversity on smallholder oil palm farms in our study landscape. Current restoration initiatives to re-wet peat may benefit farmers by reducing fire risk, without affecting yields. Wetter farms had increased understorey vegetation complexity, but this did not affect bird diversity, so we find no evidence that re-wetting improves on-farm biodiversity within the studied range of drainage depths. However, on-farm fire reduction efforts in cultivated peatlands, including re-wetting, will be vital for reducing the risk of fires escaping into nearby forests, which contain unique and diverse bird species assemblages. Protection of remaining peatland forests from fire and clearance is key for biodiversity conservation, and for providing a source of seed dispersers and genetic material for future forest and landscape restoration efforts. Restoration of more biodiversity-friendly land covers will improve landscape permeability and help conserve species and the ecosystem services they deliver.</p>
Supporting data for "Riparian buffers can help mitigate biodiversity declines in oil palm agriculture"; doi.org/10.1002/fee.2473
<b>Description: </b><p>Ecological data underpinning the Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment publication "Riparian buffers can help mitigate biodiversity declines in oil palm agriculture" (doi.org/10.1002/fee.2473). <br><br>Data describe species abundance and community composition for 377 species and eight taxonomic groups (insect larvae, dragonflies, dung beetles, fish, frogs, birds, small mammals, large mammals) across 345 riparian sampling locations at the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems (SAFE) project study site and surrounding oil palm plantations. Sampling locations captured four distinct riparian habitat treatments across the study site: recovering logged forest (LF), heavily disturbed forest (HDF), riparian buffers (RB) and oil palm rivers (ROP). Compositional metrics are provided for all species within a taxonomic group and forest dependent species only. Forest-dependence was defined based on the sensitivity of a species to habitat conversion according expert opinion. Riparian characteristics used as covariates in hierarchical models, defining the extent and quality of available forest habitat in the immediate vicinity of each sampling locations, are also provided. <br><br>Please note that the raw data underpinning the biodiversity summaries provided are also available for a select number of the taxonomic groups studied:<br>- Dung beetles: https://zenodo.org/record/3906118#.YTY_To5KiUk; https://zenodo.org/record/3906441#.YTY_a45KiUk<br>- Fish: https://zenodo.org/record/4072959#.YTY_pY5KiUk<br>- Frogs: https://zenodo.org/record/1995439#.YTY_z45KiUk<br><br>For specific taxonomic queries, including potential collaborations, please direct enquiries to the lead researcher of that group:<br>- Insect larave/dragonflies: Dr Sarah H. Luke<br>- Dung beetles: Asst. Prof. Eleanor M. Slade; Dr Joseph Williamson<br>- Fish: Dr Clare L. Wilkinson<br>- Frogs: Dr Oliver Konppik (contact details currently unavailable)<br>- Birds: Dr Simon L. Mitchell<br>- Small mammals: Dr Henry Bernard; Dr Matthew J. Struebig<br>- Large mammals: Dr Nicolas J. Deere; Dr Matthew J. Struebig </p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://safeproject.net/projects/project_view/26"><b>Understanding covariation between mammalian diversity and forest carbon across a human-modified tropical landscape</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Human Modified Tropical Forests Programme, NE/K016407/1, <a href="http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/">http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/</a>)</li><li>NERC (Human Modified Tropical Forests Programme, NE/K016261/1, <a href="http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/">http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/</a>)</li><li>British Council and Malaysian Industry Government Group for High Technology (Newton-Ungku Omar Fund, 216433953.0, <a href="http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/">http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/</a>)</li><li>British Council and Malaysian Industry Government Group for High Technology (Newton-Ungku Omar Fund, 537134717.0, <a href="http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/">http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/</a>)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=6477764">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: FEE_DataDeposition.xlsx</p><p><b>FEE_DataDeposition.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 5 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Forest-dependence classification</b> (described in worksheet Species classification)</p><p>Description: Forest-dependence classification of 377 species based on sensitivity to habitat conversion according to expert opinion</p><p>Number of fields: 3</p><p>Number of data rows: 377</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Taxa</b>: Coarse taxonomic classification for each family/species (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Scientific_name</b>: Taxon identifier, resolved to family for insect larvae and species for all other taxonomic groups (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Habitat_specialism</b>: Degree of forest-dependence based on sensitivity to habitat conversion. NB: as insect larvae could not be reliably identified to species level, this group was excluded from classification (Field type: categorical)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Species-specific biodiversity measures</b> (described in worksheet Species data)</p><p>Description: Abundance and presence/absence data for 377 species across 334 sampling locations. These data were implemented in the meta-analysis and abundance-related components of the publication</p><p>Number of fields: 6</p><p>Number of data rows: 39460</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site_ID</b>: Unique alphanumeric identifier of riparian sampling locations (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Treatment</b>: Riparian habitat treatment within which sampling was conducted: LF = recovering logged forest; HDF = heavily disturbed forest; RR = riparian reserve; ROP = oil palm river (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Taxa</b>: Coarse taxonomic classification for each family/species (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Scientific_name</b>: Taxon identifier, resolved to family for insect larvae and species for all other taxonomic groups (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Abundance</b>: Relative abundance of the family/species at the sampling location (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Spp_Present</b>: Presence/absence of family/species at the sampling location (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Community intactness measures (all species)</b> (described in worksheet Community data (all species))</p><p>Description: Community composition metrics for eight taxonomic groups across plantation rivers (RR and ROP). All species present in the community were included in the calculation of these measures</p><p>Number of fields: 5</p><p>Number of data rows: 276</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site_ID</b>: Unique alphanumeric identifier of riparian sampling locations (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Taxa</b>: Taxon identifier, resolved to family for insect larvae and species for all other taxonomic groups (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Rarefied_SpeciesRichness</b>: Community-level metric representing the number of unique species encountered at a sampling location (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Relative_Richness</b>: Relative measure of community intactness representing the proportion of species found at a sampling species compared to the mean rarefied richness observed at recovering logged forest sites (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Sorensen_Similarity</b>: Relative measure of cimmunity intactness representing compositional similarity between the sampling location and average community composition across recovering logged forest sites. The index ranges from zero (complete taxonomic seperation) to one (identical community structure) (Field type: numeric trait)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Community intactness measures (forest-dependents)</b> (described in worksheet Community data (for. dependent))</p><p>Description: Community composition metrics for eight taxonomic groups across plantation rivers (RR and ROP). Only forest-dependent species were included in the calculation of these measures</p><p>Number of fields: 5</p><p>Number of data rows: 276</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site_ID</b>: Unique alphanumeric identifier of riparian sampling locations (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Taxa</b>: Taxon identifier, resolved to family for insect larvae and species for all other taxonomic groups (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Rarefied_SpeciesRichness</b>: Community-level metric representing the number of unique species encountered at a sampling location (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Relative_Richness</b>: Relative measure of community intactness representing the proportion of species found at a sampling species compared to the mean rarefied richness observed at recovering logged forest sites (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Sorensen_Similarity</b>: Relative measure of cimmunity intactness representing compositional similarity between the sampling location and average community composition across recovering logged forest sites. The index ranges from zero (complete taxonomic seperation) to one (identical community structure) (Field type: numeric trait)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Site-specific riparian characteristics</b> (described in worksheet Site covariates)</p><p>Description: Riparian characteristics describing the extent and quality of available forest habitat across 334 sampling locations</p><p>Number of fields: 10</p><p>Number of data rows: 329</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site_ID</b>: Unique alphanumeric identifier of riparian sampling locations (Field type: location)</li><li><b>fSite</b>: Numeric identifier used to group sampling locations from the same river. Implemented to define spatial random effects in hierarchical models. Only relevant for plantation rivers (RR and ROP) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Treatment</b>: Riparian habitat treatment within which sampling was conducted: LF = recovering logged forest; HDF = heavily disturbed forest; RR = riparian reserve; ROP = oil palm river (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Reserve_Width</b>: Terrestrial width of riparian buffer. Only relevant for plantation rivers (RR and ROP) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_30m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_50m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_100m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_250m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_500m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>ForCov</b>: Proportion of available forest habitat at the scale of water catchment (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2011-04-01 to 2018-03-31</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.3000 to 4.8100</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.1500 to 117.7000</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Arthropoda <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Odonata <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calopterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis longipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chlorogomphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euphaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea impar</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea subcostalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea dimidiata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gomphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ictinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ictinogomphus decoratus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Libellulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla lineata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis aurora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis festiva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum chrysis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum glaucum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum testaceum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis fluctuans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis ramburii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis culminicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platycnemididae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera vittata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coenagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion pilidorsum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chlorocyphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha aurofulgens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha humeralis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago semiopaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Protoneuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura verticalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megapodagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Elmidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gyrinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Psephenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scirtidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus hidakai</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Microcopris hidakai</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus arayai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus deliensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus diabolicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus hidakai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus kawaharai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (aff) liliputanus] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus limbatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rutilans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus phanaeides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rutilans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (aff) tridentitibialus] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (agg) indachorius] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pacificus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus angustatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus aphodioides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus aurifex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus batillifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus brendelli</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus cervicapra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus deflexicollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus dux</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus fujiii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus incisus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus johkii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus laevis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus muelleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus nigriobscurior</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus nr. borneensis] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus obscurior</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus ochromerus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pastillatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pavidus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus peninsularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rorarius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rudis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rugicollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus sarawacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus semiaureus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus semicupreus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus taeniatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus trituber</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus vulpes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus waterstradti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Yvescambefortius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Yvescambefortius sarawacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris agnus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris ramosiceps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris sinicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oniticellus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oniticellus tessellatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon woroae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon dytiscoides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon masumotoi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcopris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcopris doriae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Synapsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Synapsis ritsemae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Proagoderus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Proagoderus watanabei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sisyphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sisyphus thoracicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caccobius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caccobius bawangensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius dayacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius renaudpauliani</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus maurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus sparsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus striatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Megaloptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Corydalidae <br> -  -  -  -  Trichoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calamoceratidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ecnomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydropsychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptoceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Philopotamidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Polycentropodidae <br> -  -  -  -  Ephemeroptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Baetidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Caenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemerellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euthyplociidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Heptageniidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptophlebiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Teloganodidae <br> -  -  -  -  Diptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ceratopogonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chironomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Simuliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tipulidae <br> -  -  -  -  Lepidoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Crambidae <br> -  -  -  -  Plecoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Perlidae <br> -  -  Chordata <br> -  -  -  Actinopterygii <br> -  -  -  -  Anguilliformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Anguillidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anguilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anguilla borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anguilla marmorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Perciformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Channidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Channa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Channa striata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Osphronemidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Betta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Betta unimaculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Siluriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bagridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus baramensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus fortis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Clariidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Clarias</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Clarias anfractus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Synbranchiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mastacembelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mastacembelus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mastacembelus unicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macrognathus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macrognathus keithi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Cypriniformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cyprinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora elegans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora hubbsi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora pycnopeza</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anematichthys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anematichthys repasson</i> (as synonym: <i>Cyclocheilichthys repasson</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Crossocheilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Crossocheilus elegans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garra borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Luciosoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Luciosoma pellegrinii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tor tambra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Puntius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Puntius sealei</i> (as synonym: <i>Barbodes sealei</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nematabramis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nematabramis everetti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobarbus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobarbus melanotaenia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Osteochilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Osteochilus chini</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Osteochilus ingeri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lobocheilos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lobocheilos erinaceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lobocheilos unicornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barbonymus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barbonymus balleroides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hampala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hampala sabana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nemacheilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nemacheilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nemacheilus olivaceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Balitoridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Protomyzon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Protomyzon borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Protomyzon griswoldi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Homalopteroides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Homalopteroides stephensoni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gastromyzon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gastromyzon ingeri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gastromyzon lepidogaster</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parhomaloptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parhomaloptera microstoma</i> <br> -  -  -  Aves <br> -  -  -  -  <i>Microtarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microtarsus atriceps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microtarsus eutilotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Columbiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Columbidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcophaps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcophaps indica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Streptopelia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Streptopelia chinensis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Spilopelia chinensis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  Psittaciformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Psittacidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Loriculus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Loriculus galgulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Psittacula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Psittacula longicauda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Trogoniformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Trogonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpactes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpactes diardii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpactes duvaucelii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpactes kasumba</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Galliformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Phasianidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Argusianus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Argusianus argus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Accipitriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Accipitridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Spilornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Spilornis cheela</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Apodiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hemiprocnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemiprocne</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemiprocne comata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apodidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Collocalia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Collocalia affinis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Collocalia sp.</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhaphidura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhaphidura leucopygialis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Coraciiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Alcedinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ceyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ceyx erithaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ceyx erithaca erithaca</i> (as synonym: <i>Ceyx rufidorsa</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcedo</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcedo euryzona</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcedo meninting</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Todiramphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Todiramphus chloris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Meropidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nyctyornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nyctyornis amictus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Merops</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Merops viridis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Bucerotiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bucerotidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinoplax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinoplax vigil</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anorrhinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anorrhinus galeritus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhyticeros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhyticeros undulatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthracoceros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthracoceros malayanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Buceros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Buceros rhinoceros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Passeriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Timaliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pomatorhinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pomatorhinus bornensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macronus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macronus ptilosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris maculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris nigricollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris poliocephala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyanoderma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyanoderma erythropterum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyanoderma rufifrons</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mixornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mixornis gularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pityriaseidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pityriasis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pityriasis gymnocephala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dicruridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicrurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicrurus paradiseus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hirundinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hirundo</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hirundo rustica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hirundo tahitica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chloropseidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chloropsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chloropsis cyanopogon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chloropsis sonnerati</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Phylloscopidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Seicercus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Seicercus borealis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Monarchidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhipidura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhipidura javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhipidura perlata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terpsiphone</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terpsiphone paradisi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terpsiphone paradisi affinis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Terpsiphone affinis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hypothymis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hypothymis azurea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Irenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Irena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Irena puella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Aegithinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aegithina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aegithina viridissima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Eurylaimidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eurylaimus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eurylaimus javanicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eurylaimus ochromalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corydon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corydon sumatranus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Calyptomena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Calyptomena viridis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sturnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aplonis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aplonis panayensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gracula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gracula religiosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Stenostiridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Culicicapa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Culicicapa ceylonensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dicaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicaeum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicaeum trigonostigma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionochilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionochilus maculatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionochilus xanthopygius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Acanthizidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gerygone</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gerygone sulphurea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Muscicapidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichixos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichixos pyrropygus</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Copsychus pyrropygus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muscicapa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muscicapa dauurica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyornis superbus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyornis turcosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus saularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus stricklandii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinomyias</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinomyias umbratilis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Cyornis umbratilis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eumyias</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eumyias thalassinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Enicurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Enicurus borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Enicurus ruficapillus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nectariniidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera everetti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera flavigaster</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera hypogrammicum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera longirostra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aethopyga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aethopyga siparaja</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptocoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptocoma brasiliana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthreptes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthreptes malacensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthreptes simplex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcoparia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcoparia singalensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pycnonotidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus finschii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus phaeocephalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus tephrogenys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ixos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ixos malaccensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Iole</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Iole olivacea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Iole olivacea charlottae</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Iole charlottae</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus goiavier</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus brunneus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus erythropthalmos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus plumosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus simplex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tricholestes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tricholestes criniger</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Campephagidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pericrocotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pericrocotus flammeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pericrocotus igneus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cisticolidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthotomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthotomus atrogularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthotomus ruficeps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthotomus sericeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prinia flaviventris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tephrodornithidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tephrodornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tephrodornis virgatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philentoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philentoma pyrhoptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philentoma velata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemipus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemipus hirundinaceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemipus picatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Corvidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Platysmurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Platysmurus aterrimus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corvus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corvus enca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Platylophus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Platylophus galericulatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pellorneidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Turdinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Turdinus sepiarius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum bicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum capistratum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum malaccense</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum rostratum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron affine</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron cinereum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron magnirostre</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron magnum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcippe</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcippe brunneicauda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kenopia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kenopia striata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptilocichla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptilocichla leucogrammica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Estrildidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lonchura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lonchura atricapilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lonchura fuscans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pittidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pitta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pitta sordida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pitta granatina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pitta granatina ussheri</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Erythropitta ussheri</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Oriolidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oriolus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oriolus xanthonotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Piciformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Picidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sasia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sasia abnormis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Blythipicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Blythipicus rubiginosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemicircus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemicircus concretus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meiglyptes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meiglyptes tristis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Celeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Celeus brachyurus</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Micropternus brachyurus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dinopium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dinopium rafflesii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ramphastidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima australis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Psilopogon australis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima chrysopogon</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Psilopogon chrysopogon</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima henricii</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Psilopogon henricii</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima mystacophanos</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Psilopogon mystacophanos</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caloramphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caloramphus fuliginosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Cuculiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cuculidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinortha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinortha chlorophaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Centropus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Centropus bengalensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Centropus rectunguis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Centropus sinensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrysococcyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cacomantis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cacomantis merulinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cacomantis sonneratii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zanclostomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zanclostomus curvirostris</i> (as synonym: <i>Phaenicophaeus curvirostris</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhopodytes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhopodytes diardi</i> (as synonym: <i>Phaenicophaeus diardi</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  <i>Hydrornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hydrornis baudii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hydrornis schwaneri</i> <br> -  -  -  Mammalia <br> -  -  -  -  Proboscidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Elephantidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elephas</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elephas maximus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Rodentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hystricidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichys fasciculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix brachyura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix crassispinis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sciuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus notatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheithrosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheithrosciurus macrotis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus hippurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus lowii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus tenuis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Muridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys whiteheadi</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Maxomys whiteheadi</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus exulans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus tiomanicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys baeodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys ochraceiventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys rajah</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys surifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Niviventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Niviventer cremoriventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys muelleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haeromys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haeromys margarettae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys sabanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Primates <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hominidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pongo</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pongo pygmaeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cercopithecidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis rubicunda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca nemestrina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Carnivora <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ursidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos malayanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Viverridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arctictis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arctictis binturong</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionodon linsang</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra tangalunga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemigalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma larvata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paradoxurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paradoxurus hermaphroditus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mustelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes flavigula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lutrogale</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lutrogale perspicillata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aonyx cinereus</i> (as synonym: <i>Amblonyx cinereus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Felidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionailurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionailurus bengalensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pardofelis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pardofelis marmorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neofelis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neofelis diardi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mephitidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mydaus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mydaus javanensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Herpestidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes brachyurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes semitorquatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Erinaceomorpha <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erinaceidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex gymnura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Scandentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tupaiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia glis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia minor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia tana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Pholidota <br> -  -  -  -  -  Manidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Manis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Manis javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Artiodactyla <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tragulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus kanchil</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus napu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cervidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus atherodes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus muntjak</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rusa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rusa unicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Suidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus barbatus</i> <br> -  -  -  Mammalia <br> -  -  -  -  Proboscidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Elephantidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elephas</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elephas maximus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Rodentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hystricidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichys fasciculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix brachyura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix crassispinis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sciuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus notatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheithrosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheithrosciurus macrotis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus hippurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus lowii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus tenuis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Muridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys whiteheadi</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Maxomys whiteheadi</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus exulans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus tiomanicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys baeodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys ochraceiventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys rajah</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys surifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Niviventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Niviventer cremoriventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys muelleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haeromys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haeromys margarettae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys sabanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Primates <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hominidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pongo</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pongo pygmaeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cercopithecidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis rubicunda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca nemestrina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Carnivora <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ursidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos malayanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Viverridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arctictis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arctictis binturong</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionodon linsang</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra tangalunga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemigalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma larvata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paradoxurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paradoxurus hermaphroditus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mustelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes flavigula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lutrogale</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lutrogale perspicillata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aonyx cinereus</i> (as synonym: <i>Amblonyx cinereus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Felidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionailurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionailurus bengalensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pardofelis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pardofelis marmorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neofelis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neofelis diardi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mephitidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mydaus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mydaus javanensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Herpestidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes brachyurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes semitorquatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Erinaceomorpha <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erinaceidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex gymnura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Scandentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tupaiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia glis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia minor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia tana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Pholidota <br> -  -  -  -  -  Manidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Manis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Manis javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Artiodactyla <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tragulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus kanchil</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus napu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cervidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus atherodes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus muntjak</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rusa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rusa unicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Suidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus barbatus</i> <br> -  -  -  Amphibia <br> -  -  -  -  Anura <br> -  -  -  -  -  Microhylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microhyla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microhyla petrigena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chaperina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chaperina fusca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bufonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pedostibes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pedostibes hosii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phrynoidis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phrynoidis juxtaspera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ansonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ansonia leptopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ansonia spinulifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megophryidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptolalax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptolalax gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobrachium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobrachium abbotti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megophrys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megophrys nasuta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rhacophoridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates leucomystax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates macrotis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates otilophus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus gauni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus harrissoni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus pardalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philautus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philautus hosii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philautus tectus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nyctixalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nyctixalus pictus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dicroglossidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ingerana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ingerana baluensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes finchi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes kuhlii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes leporinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes paramacrodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fejervarya</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fejervarya limnocharis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ranidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meristogenys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meristogenys orphnocnemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Staurois</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Staurois guttatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Staurois latopalmatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Odorrana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Odorrana hosii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana erythraea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana megalonesa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana nicobariensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana picturata</i> <br></div><p></p>
Data from: Weak edge effects on trees in Bornean rainforest remnants bordering oil palm
<p>Many tropical forests are dominated by edge habitat, with consequences for forest structure, carbon stocks and biodiversity. However, edge effects are highly variable and context-dependent, and are poorly quantified in oil palm landscapes. We studied edge effects in 10 lowland rainforest remnants bordering mature oil palm plantations on Borneo, by surveying 0.2 ha plots along transects running perpendicular to the forest edge (ten 1.6 km transects, 5-6 plots per transect; 57 plots in total). We examined how edge proximity affected plot-level forest structure (canopy cover, number and size of stems ⩾10 cm diameter), aboveground carbon stocks, microclimate (air temperature and light intensity), and tree community composition and richness. The largest trees were significantly smaller (up to 21% reduced diameter) in plots near edges, and plot-level carbon was up to 30% lower (model-fitted average = 64.7 Mg ha−1 at 50m from the edge, versus 92.3 Mg ha−1 at 1600 m), with the strongest effects within 300m of edges. However, these significant effects of edge proximity were relatively small in the context of existing variation, with distance-from-edge explaining <13% of the total variability in maximum tree size or carbon. Additionally, there were generally no effects of edge proximity on any other component of forest structure, composition or diversity, and only a weak effect on microclimate. We conclude that limited edge effects in this system may reflect low structural contrast between forest and mature oil palm, and limited invasion of pioneer trees from plantations, which diminished edge influence in highly heterogeneous forest remnants.</p>
Output data for: Flammable Futures – Storylines of climatic impacts on wildfire events and palm oil plantations in Indonesia
<p>This repository contains the output data associated with the publication "Flammable Futures – Storylines of climatic impacts on wildfire events and palm oil plantations in Indonesia". It contains the FLAM modeled burned area and the GLOBIOM output, as well as the a downscaling grid.</p> <p>Descriptions of the results can be found in the publication (DOI will follow).</p>
From nucleation to fat crystal network: effect of stearic-palmitic sucrose ester on static crystallization of palm oil
<p>Dataset belonging to publication 'From nucleation to fat crystal network: effect of stearic-palmitic sucrose ester on static crystallization of palm oil', <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13091372">https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13091372</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>PLM = polarized light microscopy</p> <p>CryoSEM = cryo-scanning electron microscopy</p> <p>> data obtained after de-oiling fat samples with isobutanol (4x) and aceton (1x), see publication</p> <p>SAXS = small-angle X-ray scattering</p> <p>> data obtained after subtraction of intensity of empty capillary, see publication</p> <p>> for SE heating and cooling cycles, data is recorded from 70°C (1h) to 20°C (1h), and 4 repeated cycles </p> <p>WAXS = wide-angle X-ray scattering</p> <p>> data obtained after subtraction of intensity of empty capillary, see publication</p> <p>> for SE heating and cooling cycles, data is recorded from 70°C (1h) to 20°C (1h), and 4 repeated cycles </p> <p>USAXS = ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering</p> <p>> data obtained after subtraction of intensity of the capillary at 70°C, see publication</p> <p>DSC = differential scanning calorimetry</p> <p>> Samples are heated at 70°C for 10 min, and then crystallized following a certain protocol (see publication).</p> <p>> Samples are maintained one hour at their respective isothermal crystallization temperature.</p> <p>> Samples are rehaeted at 5°C/min to 70°C.</p> <p>SE = sucrose ester (SP30, HLB6)</p> <p>PO = palm oil</p> <p>POE = palm oil + 0.5 wt% SE</p> <p>FC = fast cooling (20°C/min)</p> <p>SC = slow cooling (1°C/min)</p>
Input data from the paper: Small room for compromise between oil palm cultivation and primate conservation in Africa
<p>All the raw input data needed to replicate the analyses from the paper:</p> <p><strong>Strona G., S. D. Stringer, G. Vieilledent, Z. Szantoi, J. Garcia-Ulloa, S. Wich.</strong> Small room for compromise between oil palm cultivation and primate conservation in Africa.</p>
Output from: Small room for compromise between oil palm cultivation and primate conservation in Africa
<p>Expected results from the scripts associated to the paper<strong>:</strong></p> <p><strong>Strona G., S. D. Stringer, G. Vieilledent, Z. Szantoi, J. Garcia-Ulloa, S. Wich.</strong> Small room for compromise between oil palm cultivation and primate conservation in Africa.</p>
Small mammals at forest-oil palm edges raw datasets
<b>Description: </b><p>This is the combined trapping data for the study of small mammals at forest-oil palm plantation edges carried out by P.M. Chapman in 2017, chiefly in the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems project landscape, near where Blocks A and C border the Benta Wawasan oil palm estate. Trapping was also carried out some 23km WSW at a second forest-plantation edge in the Selangan Batu Oil Palm estate. The study comprised two parts; a conventional grid trapping study (36 traps in a 9x4 arrangement) of small mammals straddling an edge from 46m into the forest to 138m into the plantation (with a plantation interior control site based in the OP2 sampling block); and a spool-and-line tracking experiment that was based on the forest portion of the same grids, but using separate trapping nights (with traps set at dusk and checked at c. 9PM) and six extra traps per grid. This is the combined raw data for both sections, including trapping locations, species IDs, PIT tag identifiers and biometrics for the first part of the project, and this data plus basic information on the spool-and-line tracking for the second part of the project.</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/164"><b>Forest small mammals in oil palm plantations: space use and habitat selection components of the spillover effect.</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=279">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: Small_Mammal_Edge_data.xlsx</p><p><b>Small_Mammal_Edge_data.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Trapping data for the community distribution part of the project</b> (described in worksheet Community distribution data)</p><p>Description: This is the trapping data for the first part of the project which focussed on distribution of communities of native and invasive small mammals around the edge.</p><p>Number of fields: 25</p><p>Number of data rows: 239</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site</b>: Location of the trapping grid (corresponds to the Locations sheet) (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Edge</b>: Identifier for the edge sampling area. "SAFE" is the edge at the SAFE project landscape, while "SEBA" is the second edge at the Selangan Batu oil plantation some 23km WSW. All spooled animals were captured at SAFE. (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Date</b>: The calendar date of trapping (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Occasion</b>: The trapping occasion (sites were trapped for three consecutive days) (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Trap</b>: Trap ID. Traps 1-8 were in the forest portion of the grid, 9-12 were directly on the edge at 0m (counted as part of the forest half of the grid), while traps 13-36 were in the plantation portion of the grid. (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: The distance of the trap line from the edge. Traps were in lines of four arranged parallel to the edge at 23m increments, with 0m being directly on the edge. Negative distances indicate forest trap lines while positive distances denote plantation trap lines. Lines in the plantation-interior control site are given NA. (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Habitat</b>: Indicates the habitat. 0m (i.e. the edge itself) was treated throughout as part of the forest. (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Species</b>: Species ID for the captured animal. All "target" small mammals receive an identifying code for brevity (see the Taxa sheet), (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>New/Recapture</b>: Indicates whether the individual is a new record or a recapture. NB: Biometric data (apart from weight) is not collected for recaptures for reasons of time and ethics (unnecessary anaesthesia). (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>PIT_Tag/ID</b>: Individual ID for the captured animal. This is usually a 10-digit numeric or alphanumeric string, the number of the fitted Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tag. All zeros in PIT strings are replaced with capital Os due to persistent problems with Excel irreversibly modifying particular string formats. Various other "generic" individual IDs have been applied (usually the species code followed by a unique number) where tagging was impractical or uneccessary but the animal was very unlikely to be caught again (usually the last day on a grid). NA is only given where the animal escaped (see "Escape") and could not be scanned to determine whether it was new or a recapture. (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>SpoolLine_ID</b>: Spool-and-line ID corresponding to the captured animal. Animals captured for the individual movement section of the study were not tagged (to avoid excess stress and injury) and instead were given unique IDs consisting of "SL" and a three-digit number. However they were scanned for existing tags (likely to be present if, for instance, trapping for the community distribution section of the study was immediately preceding). Any crossovers are recorded here. (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Age</b>: Age of the individual captured. Uncertain ages are given with question marks. Completely unknown or unrecorded age are given as NA. (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>Sex</b>: Sex of the individual captured. Uncertain sexes are given with question marks. Completely unknown or unrecorded sexes are given as NA. (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>HF</b>: (Left) Hind foot measurement (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>E</b>: (Left) Ear length measurement (only rats) (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>AGD</b>: Ano-genital distance measurement (only rats) (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>HB</b>: Head-body length measurement (only treeshrews, squirrels and some rat species where ID is uncertain) (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>T</b>: Tail length measurement (only treeshrews, squirrels and some rat species where ID is uncertain) (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>MZ</b>: Muzzle length measurement (only treeshrews) (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Gross_W</b>: Mass of the polythene weighing bag including animal (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Bag_W</b>: Mass of the polythene weighing bag (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Net_W</b>: Mass of the animal (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Dead</b>: Logical: Was the individual found dead, or euthanised in the course of processing? (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Escape</b>: Logical: Did the individual escape before PIT tagging or scanning could determine whether it was new or a recapture? Animals which received an ID but subsequently escaped with incomplete biometrics are recorded in "Notes". (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Notes</b>: Field notes on the animal captured. This column mostly includes explanations for missing biometric data, or expands on circumstances of deaths. (Field type: Comments)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Trapping data for the individual movement part of the project</b> (described in worksheet Individual movement data)</p><p>Description: This is the trapping data for the second part of the project which focussed on movement behaviour of native small mammals captured on the forest side of the dge, with a particular focus on quanitfying rates of edge crossing.</p><p>Number of fields: 23</p><p>Number of data rows: 42</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site</b>: Location of the trapping grid (corresponds to the Locations sheet) (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Edge</b>: Identifier for the edge sampling area. "SAFE" is the edge at the SAFE project landscape, while "SEBA" is the second edge at the Selangan Batu oil plantation some 23km WSW. All spooled animals were captured at SAFE. (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Date</b>: The calendar date of trapping (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: The distance that the animal was caught and released from the edge. Traps were either on the edge (0m) or at 11.5m increments into the forest from the edge. Negative numbering is retained to match that in the Community distribution data sheet (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Species</b>: Species ID for the captured animal. All "target" small mammals receive an identifying code for brevity (see the Taxa sheet), (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>SpoolLine_ID</b>: Individual ID for the captured animal. All individuals in this part of the study were given a 5-digit alphanumeric starting "SL" and finishing with a unique number, regardless of whether they had been previously PIT-tagged in the Community distribution section of the study. (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Age</b>: Age of the individual captured. Uncertain ages are given with question marks. Completely unknown or unrecorded age are given as NA. (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>Sex</b>: Sex of the individual captured. Uncertain sexes are given with question marks. Completely unknown or unrecorded sexes are given as NA. (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>HF</b>: (Left) Hind foot measurement (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>E</b>: (Left) Ear length measurement (only rats) (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>AGD</b>: Ano-genital distance measurement (only rats) (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Bag_W</b>: Mass of the polythene weighing bag (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Gross_W</b>: Mass of the polythene weighing bag including animal (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Net_W</b>: Mass of the animal (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Animal_Notes</b>: Original notes from the trapping itself, including extra measurements, any associated PIT tag number (see the Community distribution data sheet) and any omissions. (Field type: Comments)</li><li><b>Tracked_Date</b>: The date upon which the animal's track was followed. (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Total_Distance_Tracked</b>: Total length of the tracked spool (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Cross</b>: Logical: Did the tracked individual cross the edge? Individuals which were not tracked receive NA. (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Approach</b>: Logical: Did the tracked individual approach the edge? We defined this as moving towards the edge from within the forest and remaining less than five metres from the edge for at least five metres travelled distance. Individuals which were not tracked receive NA. (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Distance_Forest</b>: Total distance covered inside the forest. NB: for all but one of the animals we tracked, this is the same distance as "Total_Distance_Tracked" (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Distance_Plantation</b>: Total distance covered inside the plantation. NB: for all but one of the animals we tracked, this is zero. (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Tracking_Notes</b>: Original notes from the tracking itself, comprising a brief summary of the animal's apparent behaviour, or a record of why the spool wasn't tracked. (Field type: Comments)</li><li><b>Used</b>: Logical: Was the tracked path long enough to be "counted"? The criterion was: Tracked Path > 1.2*Distance from the edge. (Field type: Categorical)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2017-02-01 to 2017-04-30</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6326 to 4.7131</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.4350 to 117.6550</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Chordata<br> -  - Mammalia<br> -  -  - Rodentia<br> -  -  -  - Muridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Chrotomys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chrotomys whiteheadi</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Leopoldamys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leopoldamys sabanus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Maxomys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Maxomys surifer</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Niviventer</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Niviventer cremoriventer</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Rattus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rattus exulans</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rattus rattus</i><br> -  -  -  - Sciuridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lariscus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lariscus hosei</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Sundasciurus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sundasciurus hippurus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sundasciurus lowii</i><br> -  -  - Scandentia<br> -  -  -  - Tupaiidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tupaia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tupaia gracilis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tupaia longipes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tupaia tana</i><br></div><p></p>
Above-ground carbon density derived from LiDAR data over oil palm plantations in Malaysian Borneo, 2014
<b>Description: </b><p>The work was carried out in the oil palm plantations within the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystem (SAFE) Project, located within lowland dipterocarp forest regions of East Sabah in Malaysian Borneo. Airborne LiDAR data were acquired on 5 November 2014 using a Leica LiDAR50-II flown at 1850 m altitude on a Dornier 228-201 travelling at 135 knots. The LiDAR sensor emitted pulses at 83.1 Hz with a field of view of 12.0°, and a footprint of about 40 cm diameter. The average pulse density was 7.3/m2. The Leica LiDAR50-II sensor records full waveform LiDAR, but for the purposes of this study the data were discretised, with up to four returns recorded per pulse. The LiDAR data were pre-processed by NERC's Data Analysis Node and delivered in standard LAS format. All further processing was undertaken using LAStools (Rapidlasso GmbH, LAStools). Points were classified as ground and non-ground, and a digital elevation model (DEM) was fitted to the ground returns, producing a raster of 1 m resolution. The DEM elevations were subtracted from elevations of all non-ground returns to produce a normalised point cloud, and a canopy height model (CHM) was constructed from this on a 0.5 m raster by averaging the first returns. Finally, holes in the raster were filled by averaging neighbouring cells. </p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/25"><b>Influences of disturbance and environmental variation on biomass change in Malaysian Borneo</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Standard grant, JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.3 (128))</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.3 (128))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3247699">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: LiDAR_Aboveground_Carbon.xlsx</p><p><b>LiDAR_Aboveground_Carbon.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>LiDAR aboveground carbon in Oil palm plantations</b> (described in worksheet LiDAR_ Aboveground_Carbon)</p><p>Description: The output of a LiDAR50-II sensor records full waveform LiDAR, but for the purposes of this study the data were discretised, with up to four returns recorded per pulse. The LiDAR data was pre-processed by NERC's Data Analysis Node and delivered in standard LAS format. All further processing was undertaken using LAStools (Rapidlasso GmbH, LAStools). Points were classified as ground and non-ground, and a digital elevation model (DEM) was fitted to the ground returns, producing a raster of 1 m resolution. The DEM elevations were subtracted from elevations of all non-ground returns to produce a normalised point cloud, and a canopy height model (CHM) was constructed from this on a 0.5 m raster by averaging the first returns. Finally, holes in the raster were filled by averaging neighbouring cells. </p><p>Number of fields: 35</p><p>Number of data rows: 27</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Year</b>: Year the oil palm trees were planted (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Plot</b>: Plot number based on the SAFE project framework. Each plot is 25 metres x 25 metres size or 0.0625 hectares (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>meanH</b>: Average tree height per plot (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>TreeN_plot</b>: Number of trees per plot (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>TreeN_ha</b>: Number of trees per hectare obtained by upscaling the number of trees within each 25m x 25m (0.0625 ha) plot to 1 ha (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>ACD_plot</b>: Sum of the aboveground carbon density per plot (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>ACD_ha</b>: Sum of the aboveground carbon density per hectare obtained by upscaling the number of aboveground carbon density within each 25m x 25m (0.0625 ha) plot to 1 ha (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC1</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 1 metre height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC2</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 2 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC3</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 3 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC4</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 4 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC5</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 5 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC6</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 6 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC7</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 7 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC8</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 8 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC9</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 9 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC10</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 10 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC11</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 11 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC12</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 12 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC13</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 13 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC14</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 14 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC15</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 15 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC16</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 16 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC17</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 17 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC18</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 18 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC19</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 19 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC20</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 20 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC21</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 21 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC22</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 22 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>CC23</b>: Average canopy cover per hectare: the proportion of area occupied by crowns at 23 metres height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>TCH</b>: Top of canopy height: mean height of Canopy Height Model (CHM) pixels per hectare. (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>TreeN_itc</b>: Number of segmented trees per hectare obtained by using the itcSegment function implemented in R (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>meanH_itc</b>: Average tree height per hectare obtained by using the itcSegment function inmplement in R (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>meanHc_itc</b>: Corrected average tree height per hectare obtained by using the itcSegment function inmplement in R (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>ACDc_itc</b>: Sum of the aboveground carbon density per hectare obtained by using the itcSegment function inmplement in R (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2014-11-05 to 2014-11-05</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p>
Soil greenhouse gas fluxes and associated parameters from forest and oil palm in the SAFE landscape
<b>Description: </b><p>Greenhouse gas fluxes measured by the static chamber method including associated environmental parameters</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/126"><b>Characterising soil microbial communities and measuring associated biogeochemical fluxes</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC HMTF (Research Programme, (NE/K016091/1), <a href=" http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/"> http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/</a>)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.5 (79))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3258117">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: 3_GHG_jdrewer.xlsx</p><p><b>3_GHG_jdrewer.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>data one off field</b> (described in worksheet Data_one_off)</p><p>Description: Soil and litter parameters</p><p>Number of fields: 14</p><p>Number of data rows: 56</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Location</b>: Location measurement was taken (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>site</b>: Location measurement was taken (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>chamber_id</b>: Chamber ID (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>landuse</b>: Land use of location (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>pH</b>: Soil pH (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>bulk_density</b>: dry weight of soil (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>soil_N%</b>: Percentage of soil N (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>soil_C%</b>: Percentage of soil C (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>litter_N%</b>: Percentage of leaf Nitrogen (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>litter_C%</b>: Percentage of leaf Carbon (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>C/N_soil</b>: Ratio of soil Carbon: Nitrogen (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Latitude</b>: Latitude of sampling point (Field type: Latitude)</li><li><b>Longitude</b>: Longitude of sampling point (Field type: Longitude)</li><li><b>Elevation</b>: Elevation of sampling point (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>data of repeated measures</b> (described in worksheet Data_repeated_measures)</p><p>Description: Soil greenhouse gas flux data and associated variables</p><p>Number of fields: 14</p><p>Number of data rows: 672</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Location</b>: Location measurement was taken (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>site</b>: Location measurement was taken (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>chamber_id</b>: Chamber ID (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>landuse</b>: Land use of location (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>date</b>: Date the measurement was taken (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>time</b>: Time the measurement was taken (Field type: Time)</li><li><b>flux_CH4</b>: Soil CH4 flux (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>flux_CO2-C</b>: Soil CO2 flux (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>flux_N2O-N</b>: Soil N2O flux (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>NH4-N</b>: Soil NH4 concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>NO3-N</b>: Soil NO3 concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>air_temp</b>: Air temperature around the flux chamber (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>soil_temp</b>: Soil temperature around the flux chamber (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>soil_moisture</b>: Soil moisture around the flux chamber (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2015-01-01 to 2016-12-31</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p>
Soil greenhouse gas fluxes along transects from oil palm to riparian forests in the SAFE landscape
<b>Description: </b><p>Riparian greenhouse gas fluxes measured by the static chamber method including associated environmental parameters and river water </p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/126"><b>Characterising soil microbial communities and measuring associated biogeochemical fluxes</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC HMTF (Research Programme, (NE/K016091/1), <a href=" http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/"> http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/</a>)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.5 (79))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3258079">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: 1_HJ_river_water_riparian.xlsx</p><p><b>1_HJ_river_water_riparian.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 3 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>river_water</b> (described in worksheet river_water)</p><p>Description: river water measurments</p><p>Number of fields: 17</p><p>Number of data rows: 63</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>site</b>: location sample was taken (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>location</b>: habitat (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>replicate</b>: water sample replicate number (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>sampling_occasion</b>: date of sample collection (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>date</b>: date of sample analysis (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>TDS</b>: Total Desolved Solids (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>pH</b>: water pH (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>conductivity</b>: water conductivity (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Temp</b>: tempreture of river water (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>air_CH4</b>: air concentration of CH4 (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>water_CH4</b>: water concentration of CH4 (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>air_N2O</b>: air concentration of N2O (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>water_N2O</b>: water concentration of N2O (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>air_CO2</b>: air concentration of CO2 (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>water_CO2</b>: water concentration of CO2 (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>NH4-N</b>: concentration of NH4-N in water (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>NO3-N</b>: concentration of NO3-N in water (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>data_one_off_field</b> (described in worksheet data_one_off_field)</p><p>Description: soil and littter property measurements</p><p>Number of fields: 12</p><p>Number of data rows: 48</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Location</b>: location of chamber (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>chamber_id</b>: chamber ID (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>site</b>: Site ID (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>landuse</b>: land use type (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>pH</b>: soil pH (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>soil_N</b>: soil nitrogen content (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>soil_C</b>: soil carbon content (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>litter_N</b>: litter nitrogen content (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>litter_C</b>: litter carbon content (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>C_N</b>: soil C:N ratio (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Latitude</b>: GPS co-ordinate that the sample was taken (Field type: Latitude)</li><li><b>Longitude</b>: GPS co-ordinate that the sample was taken (Field type: Longitude)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>data_repeated_measures</b> (described in worksheet data_repeated_measures)</p><p>Description: repeated soil measures</p><p>Number of fields: 16</p><p>Number of data rows: 336</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>chamber_id</b>: Chamber ID (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>site</b>: Site ID (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>landuse</b>: land use type (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>sampling_occasion</b>: date of sample collection (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>date</b>: date of sample analysis (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>time</b>: Time the measurement was taken (Field type: Time)</li><li><b>flux_CH4-C</b>: Soil CH4 flux (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>flux_CO2-C</b>: Soil CO2 flux (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>flux_N2O-N</b>: Soil N2O flux (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>NH4-N_H2O</b>: Soil NH4 concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>NO3-N_H2O</b>: Soil NO3 concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>NH4-N_KCl</b>: Soil NH4 concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>NO3-N_KCl</b>: Soil NO3 concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>air_temp</b>: Air temperature around the flux chamber (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>soil_temp</b>: Soil temperature around the flux chamber (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>soil_moisture</b>: Soil moisture around the flux chamber (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2016-11-01 to 2017-11-30</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.3960 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p>
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