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FIGURE 16 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 16. Magelona pacifica syntypes (A–D, G, 41 chaetiger af, proboscis everted, no palps; E, 41 chaetiger af, proboscis partially everted, no palps; F, 60 chaetiger af): (A–C, E–G) parapodia from chaetigers 1–3, 7, 9 and 14 respectively (anterior views) (Note: the dorsal superior processes of chaetigers 1 and 2 were drawn from the parapodia on the opposite side of the body, indicated by dotted lines); (D) notopodium from chaetiger 4 (anterior view) (neuropodium damaged, parapodia absent) (N.B. A complete set of parapodial drawings from one specimen was not possible due to the condition of all syntype material).

FIGURE 15 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 15. Magelona pacifica syntypes: (A) prostomium, dorsal view (41 chaetiger af, proboscis everted, no palps); (B) median to distal tip of loose palp; (C–E) 2 chaetiger fragment showing posteriorly open pouches, medially split and on consecutive segments (lateral and ventral views); (F) posterior fragment (dorsal view).

FIGURE 14 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 14. Magelona pacifica syntypes (A, C–D, 42 chaetiger af, left hand palp attached, proboscis partially everted; B, 41 chaetiger af, proboscis everted, no palps): (A–B) anteriors, dorsal views (N.B. various thoracic chaetigers previously dissected); (C–D) methyl green staining patterns (dorsal and ventral views respectively).

FIGURE 10 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 10. Persian Magelona cf. falcifera, methyl green staining pattern: (A) anterior, ventral view; (B) anterior, dorsal view.

FIGURE 9 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 9. Magelona cf. falcifera (A, NMW.Z.2010.037.0009, complete specimen; B–O, dissected 53 chaetiger specimen, NMW.Z.2010.037.0008b; P, NMW.Z.2010.037.0013, 53 chaetiger complete specimen): (A) anterior, dorsal view (Note: prostomium slightly folded on right-hand side, indicated by dashed lines, distal tip folded upwards, marked by black lines either side of prostomium. White speckled areas between chaetigers 1−5 as dotted areas); (B) prostomium, dorsal view; (C–K) chaetigers 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 40 respectively (anterior views); (L) large sickle-shaped abdominal hooded hook; (M–N) bidentate abdominal hooded hooks, frontal and lateral views respectively; (O) small bidentate hooded hook, lateral oblique view (hood omitted for clarity); (P) posterior fragment, ventral view.

FIGURE 3 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 3. Magelona cf. agoensis (A–B, D–Q, NMW.Z.2010.037.0005; C, NMW.Z.2010.037.0004): (A) anterior region, dorsal view, showing methyl green staining pattern; (B) methyl green staining pattern of venter, anterior region; (C) prostomium, dorsal view; (D–M) chaetigers 1–10 respectively (anterior views); (N–P) quadridentate abdominal hooded hooks, lateral, lateral oblique and frontal views respectively (N, O hoods omitted for clarity); (Q) pentadentate abdominal hooded hook, frontal view.

FIGURE 6 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 6. Persian Magelona cf. cincta (NMW.Z.2010.037.0038): (A) methyl green staining pattern, anterior, dorsal view; (B) methyl green staining pattern, anterior, ventral view; (C) anterior, ventral view, showing thoracic pigment band and white speckled areas.

FIGURE 1 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 1. Magelona montera sp. nov. (Holotype; MNHN A895): (A) anterior region, dorsal view, proboscis squashed to left side of body; (B) prostomium, dorsal view; (C–F) chaetigers 1, 2, 3, 4 (anterior views); (G) neuropodium of chaetiger 4 (ventral view); (H−L) chaetigers 6, 8, 9, 12 and 41 respectively (anterior views); (M–N) tridentate abdominal hooded hooks, lateral and frontal views respectively.

FIGURE 7 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 7. Magelona conversa (A, D–L, NMW.Z.2010.037.0007; B–C, BMNH.2010.234): (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, dorsal view (black marks indicate point at which prostomium is bent upwards, as shown in C); (C) prostomium, lateral view (arrow indicates the view point from which figure B was drawn); (D–F) chaetigers 1, 5, and 7 respectively (anterior views); (G–H) chaetiger 8, posterior and anterior views respectively; (I–J) chaetigers 9–10 (anterior views); (K) mucronate chaeta from chaetiger 9; (L) bidentate abdominal hooded hook lateral view.

FIGURE 2 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 2. Magelona sinbadi sp. nov. (NMW.Z.2010.037.0001): (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, dorsal view (Note: prostomium highly curved as shown in C, black marks indicate the point at which prostomium is bent upwards); (C) prostomium, lateral view (arrow indicates the view point from which B was drawn); (D–H) chaetigers 2, 4, 7, 8, and 9 respectively (anterior views); (I–J) notopodium of chaetiger 9, posterior and dorsal/anterior views respectively; (K–L) chaetigers 10 and 18 respectively (anterior views); (M) tridentate abdominal hooded hook, lateral oblique view.

FIGURE 11 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 11. Seychelles Magelona falcifera (A, paratype, NMW.Z.2000.020.0014): (A) prostomium, dorsal view; (B–C) anterior region, methyl green staining patterns, ventral and dorsal views respectively. White bands and patches shown as dotted areas. Ventral strong green speckled transverse line demarked by darker dotted area in the region of chaetiger 5.

FIGURE 4 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 4. Magelona cf. agoensis (A–D, NMW.Z.2010.037.0006): (A) anterior, ventral view; (B) anterior, ventral view; (C) anterior, lateral view, showing view point from which figure A was drawn from; (D) anterior, ventral view; (E–H) polydentate abdominal hooded hooks. Pr = prostomium; Pb = proboscis; Pp = palp attachment site; BO = 'buccal organ/tube', M = mouth.

FIGURE 12 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 12. Magelona symmetrica (A, NMW.Z.2010.037.0055; B, NMW.Z.2010.037.0047b; C–M, dissected 23 chaetiger specimen NMW.Z.2010.037.0044b): (A) anterior, dorsal view, showing methyl green staining between chaetigers 4−9, abdominal interparapodial glandular areas and dorsal white speckled areas between chaetigers 1−4 and 8−12 (note distal tip of prostomium curled downwards); (B−C) Prostomia dorsal views; (D−J) chaetigers 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 13 respectively (anterior views); (K−M) tridentate abdominal hooded hooks (oblique lateral, frontal and lateral views respectively).

FIGURE 13 in New records and new species of Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula, with a re-description of Magelona pacifica and a discussion on the magelonid buccal region

FIGURE 13. Prostomia of Arabian Peninsula Magelona species, dorsal views: (A) M. obockensis, 39 chaetiger anterior fragment, proboscis not everted, both palps attached, syntype, MNHN Type 1357; (B) M. obockensis, BMNH:ZB.1971.54; (C) M. pulchella, holotype, BMNH 1969.391; (D) M. cornuta, holotype, ZMUC-POL-969; (E) M. montera sp. nov. MNHN A895; (F) M. sinbadi sp. nov., NMW.Z.2010.037.0001; (G) M. cf. agoensis, NMW.Z.2010.037.0004; (H) M. cf. cincta, NMW.Z.2010.037.0041; (I) M. conversa, BMNH.2010.234; (J) M. crenulifrons, NMW.Z.2010.037.0024; (K) M. cf. falcifera, NMW.Z.2010.037.0010b; (L) M. symmetrica, NMW.Z.2010.037.0047b.

FIGURE 7 in A new subfamily, Styracurinae, and new genus, Styracura, for Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904) and Himantura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes)

FIGURE 7. Lateral aspect of pectoral girdle (A) and dorsoventral view of pelvic girdle (B) of Styracura schmardae (MZUSP uncat. 508 mm DW). Abbreviations: adf, anterodorsal fenestra; avf, anteroventral fenestra; fct, additional supporting articular facet for propterygium; ip, iliac processes; isp, ischial processes; lpp, lateral prepelvic processes; msc, mesocondyle; mtc, metacondyle; of, obturator foramina; pc, procondyle; pdf, posterodorsal fenestra; pib, puboischiadic bar; ppp, prepelvic process; pvc, pelvic condyles; pvf, posteroventral fenestra; scp, scapular process; spf, scapular process fenestra.

FIGURE 1 in A new subfamily, Styracurinae, and new genus, Styracura, for Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904) and Himantura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes)

FIGURE 1. Styracura schmardae (ROM 66845, juvenile female, 276 mm DW, Guyana) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Live color brown or grayish- to olivaceous-brown.

FIGURE 6 in A new subfamily, Styracurinae, and new genus, Styracura, for Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904) and Himantura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes)

FIGURE 6. Head skeleton of Styracura schmardae (MCZ 37964, 545 mm DW, Cuba), showing small angular elements between hyomandibula and lower jaw (remarkably similar to specimen in Fig. 5); asterisk denotes terminal portion of hyomandibula. Abbreviations: ac, angular cartilage; fpf, frontoparietal fontenelle; hyo, hyomandibula; is, internasal septum; Mc, Meckel's cartilage; na, nasal aperture; pcf, precerebral fontenelle; pq, palatoquadrate; psc, prespiracular cartilage; sp, supraorbital process.

FIGURE 5 in A new subfamily, Styracurinae, and new genus, Styracura, for Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904) and Himantura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes)

FIGURE 5. Head skeleton of Styracura schmardae (MZUSP uncat. 508 mm DW, Belize). Note small calcified (angular) elements between hyomandibulae and lower jaws, which are slightly variable between both sides; asterisk denotes terminal portion of hyomandibula. Abbreviations: ac, angular cartilage; aoc, antorbital cartilage; fpf, frontoparietal fontenelle; hyo, hyomandibula; Mc, Meckel's cartilage; na, nasal aperture; pcf, precerebral fontenelle; pq, palatoquadrate; prp, preorbital process; psc, prespiracular cartilage.

FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic inference obtained from a in A new subfamily, Styracurinae, and new genus, Styracura, for Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904) and Himantura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes)

FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic inference obtained from a Maximum Likelihood analysis of the complete protein-coding mitochondrial genome (courtesy of L. Yang and G. Naylor); arrow indicates position of Styracura.

FIGURE 4 in A new subfamily, Styracurinae, and new genus, Styracura, for Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904) and Himantura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes)

FIGURE 4. Ventral lateral-line canals of Styracura schmardae (MZUSP uncat. 508 mm DW). Abbreviations: HMD, hyomandibular canal (pink); IOC, infraorbital canal (blue); jug, jugular component of hyomandibular canal; NAS, nasal canal (including the prenasal canal anteriorly; yellow); pst, posterior subpleural tubules; spl, subpleural component of hyomandibular canal; SPO, supraorbital canal (green).