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831 results for “Partition”
Fig. 4 in Food resource partitioning among species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in the Lower Iguaçu River and tributaries, Brazil
Fig. 4. Relative frequency (%) of the diet overlap index of Astyanax species pairs in the Low Iguaçu River and tributaries in Brazil. Ab=A. bifasciatus; Ad=A. dissimilis; Ag=A. gymnodontus; Al=A. lacustris; Am=A. minor. Low <0.39; intermediate =0.40-0.59; high> 0.60.
Fig.1 in Food resource partitioning among species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in the Lower Iguaçu River and tributaries, Brazil
Fig.1. Study area showing the sampling sites (numbers 1 to 25) in the Lower Iguaçu River and tributaries in Brazil.
Anatomical partitioning has little influence in topologies from Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of morphological data
<p>Morphological data is a fundamental source of evidence to reconstruct the Tree of Life, and Bayesian phylogenetic methods are increasingly being used for this task, along with, or instead of, traditional parsimony approaches. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses require the use of proper evolutionary models and their performance have been intensively studied in the past few years, with significant improvements to our knowledge regarding their performance. Notwithstanding, it was only recently that partitioned models for morphology received attention in studies of empirical data, but a systematic evaluation of its performances using simulations was never performed. Here we evaluate the influence of partitioned models defined by anatomical criterion in the precision and accuracy of consensus tree topologies, evaluating the possible negative effects of under and overpartitioning. For that, we analysed datasets simulated using parameters and properties of two empirical datasets, using Bayesian phylogenetic analyses in MrBayes. Additionally, we reanalysed 32 empirical datasets for diverse groups of vertebrates, applying unpartitioned and partitioned models. We found that in general, partitioning by anatomy has little to no influences in the performance of Bayesian phylogenetic methods in respect to the metrics studied here, with analyses under alternative partitioning schemes presenting very similar tree precision and accuracy. We discuss the possible reasons for the disagreement between the results obtained here and previous studies for empirical morphological data, and with empirical and simulation studies of molecular data, discussing the adequacy of anatomical partitioning relative to alternative methods to partition morphological datasets and how morphological and molecular partitioning are related.</p>
Benchmark Hypergraphs and Detailed Experimental Results of "k-way Hypergraph Partitioning via n-Level Recursive Bisection"
<p>This dataset contains hypergraphs derived from three benchmark sets: The<br /> ISPD98 VLSI Circuit Benchmark Suite [1], the University of Florida Sparse Matrix Collec-<br /> tion [2] and the international SAT Competition 2014 [3]. From the latter, we randomly selected<br /> 100 instances from the application track and converted them into hypergraphs as follows:<br /> Each boolean variable (and its complement) is mapped to one vertex and each clause constitutes<br /> a net [41]. The Sparse Matrix Collection is organized into 172 groups and each group contains<br /> matrices of different application areas. From each group, we choose one matrix for each appli-<br /> cation area that has between 10 000 and 10 000 000 columns. In case multiple matrices fulfill<br /> our criteria, we randomly select one. In total, we include 192 matrices, which are translated into<br /> hypergraphs using the row-net model, i.e. each row is treated as a net and each column as<br /> a vertex. Empty rows are discarded. Both vertices and nets have unit weight. Together with the<br /> 18 ISPD98 VLSI instances , a total of 310 hypergraphs constitute our benchmark set. 4 Each of<br /> these hypergraphs is partitioned into k ∈ {2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128} blocks with ε = 0.03. For each<br /> value of k, a k-way partition is considered to be one test instance, resulting in a total of 2170<br /> instances.</p> <p>See the README for further information on the different files contained in this dataset.</p> <p>[1 ]C. J. Alpert. The ISPD98 Circuit Benchmark Suite. In Proc. of the 1998 Int. Symp. on Physical Design, ISPD ’98, pages 80–85, New York, 1998. ACM.<br /> [2] T. A. Davis and Y. Hu. The University of Florida Sparse Matrix Collection. ACM Trans. Math. Softw.,38(1):1:1–1:25, 2011.<br /> [3] A. Belov, D. Diepold, M. Heule, and M. Järvisalo. The SAT Competition 2014. http://www.satcompetition.org/2014/, 2014.</p>
Data from: Seasonal diet partition among top predators of a small island, Iriomotejima island in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan
<p>In general, small islands lack predators because species at higher trophic levels often cannot survive. However, two predators—the Iriomote cat <em>Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis</em>, and the Crested Serpent Eagle<em> Spilornis cheela perplexus</em>—live on Iriomotejima Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago, which covers an area of approximately 284 square kilometers. To understand how these two top predators coexist on such a small island with limited resources, we focused on their seasonal feeding habits which are considered crucial for survival in such an island ecosystem. To compare the diets of the Iriomote cat and Crested Serpent Eagle, we used DNA metabarcoding analysis of their fecal samples. In the summer, we identified 16 prey items from Iriomote cat fecal samples, and 15 Crested Serpent Eagle fecal samples. In the winter, we identified 37 and 14 prey items, respectively. Using a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and a permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), our study reveals significant differences in the diet composition at the order level between the predators during both seasons. Furthermore, although some prey items at the species-to-order level overlapped between the two predators, the frequency of occurrence of most prey items differed between them in both seasons. These results suggest that this difference in diets was one of the reasons why the Iriomote cat and the Crested Serpent Eagle coexisted on such a small island.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Evidence for dynamic resource partitioning between two sympatric reef shark species within the British Indian Ocean Territory
FIGURE 2 (a) Maximum likelihood standard ellipse areas (, 40% of the data) for isotopes δ13C v. δ15N in fin, (b) muscle, (c) red blood cell, (d) plasma and for isotope δ34S v. δ15C (e) and δ15N (f) of Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos () and Carcharhinus albimarginatus (). Convex hulls () are drawn between the centers of each group. Overlapping values, if present, are the proportion of overlapping area of the two ellipses. Potential competitor–prey teleost data are shown () with associated error bars (± 1 SD). Ellipses for red blood cell and plasma presented for reference but represent small sample sizes (<10) and therefore come with lower confidence
FIGURE 1 in Evidence for dynamic resource partitioning between two sympatric reef shark species within the British Indian Ocean Territory
FIGURE 1 Bayesian isotope mixing models were used to determine the extent that Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos and Carcharhinus albimarginatus were reliant on reef (blue) or pelagic (red) resources. End members were set as the most δ13C depleted (pelagic) and most δ13C enriched (reef) of the teleosts sampled (trevally (Carangidae) for reef, tuna (Scombridae) for pelagic). Posterior probability distributions indicate model predictions of reliance on a given source with higher values indicating greater reliance
Non-embeddability of standard contexts of lattices of integer partitions
<p>We consider lattices of integer partitions ordered by dominance, and their standard contexts as studied in formal concept analysis. The present dataset provides evidence that the standard context of the partition lattice for <span>\(n = 9\)</span> cannot be embedded into the one for <span>\(n = 10\)</span>. Further context and a detailed description of the files in the dataset can be obtained from the file context_embeddings.pdf (the code source for this file is given in context_embeddings.tex).</p>
Symmetric embeddings between standard contexts of lattices of integer partitions
<p>We consider lattices of integer partitions ordered by dominance, and their standard contexts as studied in formal concept analysis. The present dataset contains all 29 symmetric context embeddings of the standard context of the lattice of partitions of the integer 8 into the standard context of the lattice of 10. Further information and a detailed description of the files in the dataset can be obtained from the file context_embeddings.pdf (the code source for this file is given in context_embeddings.tex).</p>
Data for the publication "Too frequent and too light Arctic snowfall with incorrect precipitation phase partitioning in the MIROC6 GCM"
<p>These data are a set of 1yr simulations using the MIROC6-SPRINTARS global aerosol-climate model with different treatments of precipitation (i.e., diagnostic and prognostic). The outputs include diagnostics from the satellite simulator COSP2.<br> The data are used in the manuscript entitled "Too frequent and too light Arctic snowfall with incorrect precipitation phase partitioning in the MIROC6 GCM". All data used in this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.</p>
Data from: Drought and recovery effects on belowground respiration dynamics and the partitioning of recent carbon in managed and abandoned grassland
<p>The supply of soil respiration with recent photoassimilates is an important and fast pathway for respiratory loss of carbon (C). To date it is unknown how drought and land-use change interactively influence the dynamics of recent C in soil respired CO<sub>2</sub>. In an <em>in situ </em>common-garden experiment, we exposed soil-vegetation monoliths from a managed and a nearby abandoned mountain grassland to an experimental drought. Based on two <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse-labelling campaigns, we traced recently assimilated C in soil respiration during drought, rewetting and early recovery. Independent of grassland management, drought reduced the absolute allocation of recent C to soil respiration. Rewetting triggered a respiration pulse, which was strongly fueled by C assimilated during drought. In comparison to the managed grassland, the abandoned grassland partitioned more recent C to belowground respiration than to root C storage under ample water supply. Interestingly, this pattern was reversed under drought. We suggest that these different response patterns reflect strategies of the managed and the abandoned grassland to enhance their respective resilience to drought, by fostering their resistance and recovery, respectively. We conclude that while severe drought can override the effects of abandonment of grassland management on the respiratory dynamics of recent C, abandonment alters strategies of belowground assimilate investment, with consequences for soil-CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes during drought and drought-recovery.</p>
Experimental performance evaluation of supercritical CO2 in brazed plate heat exchangers of the tri-partite gas cooler
<p>The experimental data of three brazed plate <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/heat-exchanger">heat exchangers</a> serving as the gas coolers in a CO<sub>2</sub> system are investigated. The heat exchangers function for the DHW reheating, SH heating, and DHW preheating. The effects of the CO<sub>2</sub> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/inlet-pressure">inlet pressure</a>, CO<sub>2</sub> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/inlet-temperature">inlet temperature</a>, CO<sub>2 </sub><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/mass-flowrate">mass flow rate</a>, water inlet temperature, and water <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/mass-flowrate">mass flow rate</a> are analyzed. The system is operated and the experimental data are collected under three modes: DHW operation, SH operation and DHW+SH operation.</p> <p>Experimental data is linked to deliverable number: D4.3.</p>
Data from: Pop‐off data storage tags reveal niche partitioning between native and non‐native predators in a novel ecosystem
1. Niche partitioning might be predicted to be particularly dynamic in 'novel ecosystems' characterized by human-altered environmental conditions and biological invasions. Restoration efforts for native species in such systems can be informed by detailed characterization of niche partitioning. 2. In Lake Ontario, fishery management agencies have been engaged in a long-term struggle to restore native top predators including lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Meanwhile, management agencies continue to stock non-native species like Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into the lake to support a recreational fishery and to help control the abundance of a non-native forage fish, the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). 3. We used pop-off data storage tags to study fine scale (9.1M lines of data from 22 animals) behaviour and habitat use by lake trout (native) and Chinook salmon (non-native) in Lake Ontario in terms of depth and temperature, recorded at ≤70 s intervals for periods of up to 12 months. 4. Chinook salmon occupied warmer and shallower waters during summer than did lake trout, and their niche breadth was wider. They achieved greater niche breadth in part because they were much more active vertically, cumulatively traveling 103±1 m hour-1 during summer (model-estimated median), whereas most lake trout were relatively inactive vertically (7±1 m hour-1). In each of our analyses, there was more inter-individual variation among lake trout than among Chinook salmon, driven by some lake trout that spent considerable time making forays into warmer, shallower waters. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results illustrate the different foraging tactics used by two species in the Great Lakes and reflect their distinct life histories. Vertical and thermal niche partitioning between Chinook salmon and lake trout helps to explain how these species can co-exist in a multi-species fishery even while having substantial overlap in diet. The diversity of behaviours exhibited here by native lake trout have likely helped them persist during dramatic changes to the forage base in recent decades; that flexibility could help underlie their long-term prospects for restoration during future changes to the ecosystem.
Dataset supporting manuscript entitled 'Partitioning of Small Hydrophobic Molecules into Polydimethylsiloxane in Microfluidic Analytical Devices'
<p>This is the dataset supporting the manuscript 'Surface and bulk modifications of polydimethylsiloxane to reduce absorption/adsorption of small molecules in lab-on-a-chip' published in Micromachines</p>
Isotopic niche partitioning and individual specialization in an Arctic raptor guild
<p>Intra- and inter-specific resource partitioning within predator communities is a fundamental component of trophic ecology, and one proposed mechanism for how populations partition resources is through individual niche variation. The Niche Variation Hypothesis (NVH) predicts that inter-individual trait variation leads to functional trade-offs in foraging efficiency, resulting in populations composed of individual dietary specialists. The degree to which niche specialization persists within a population is plastic and responsive to fluctuating resource availability. We quantified niche overlap and tested the NVH within an Arctic raptor guild, focusing on three species that employ different foraging strategies: golden eagles (generalists); gyrfalcons (facultative specialists); and rough-legged hawks (specialists). Tundra ecosystems exhibit cyclic populations of arvicoline rodents (lemmings and voles), providing a unique system in which to examine predator diet in response to interannual fluctuations in resource availability. Using blood δ13C and δ15N values from 189 raptor nestlings on Alaska's Seward Peninsula (2014–2019), we calculated isotopic niche width and used Bayesian stable isotope mixing models (BSIMMs) to characterize individual specialization and test the NVH. Nest-level specialization estimated from stable isotopes was strongly correlated with indices of specialization based on camera trap data. We observed a high degree of isotopic niche overlap between the three species and gyrfalcons displayed a positive relationship between individual specialization and population niche width on an interannual basis consistent with the NVH. Our findings suggest plasticity in niche specialization may reduce intra- and inter-specific resource competition under dynamic ecological conditions.</p>
Performance investigation of an ejector-assisted transcritical CO2 heat pump with brazed plate tri-partite gas cooler for space heating and hot water production
<p>The carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) heat pump water heater is recognized as a potential technology for the production of domestic hot water (DHW) and space heating (SH). In this paper, the performance of a transcritical CO<sub>2</sub> heat pump water heater with a tri-partite gas cooler is discussed using a numerical model. The heat pump operates in three modes: (1) DHW mode, (2) SH mode, and (3) DHW+SH mode, which provides space heating at 35 °C and hot water up to 70 °C. The simulation model is validated with the experimental data. The effects of different parameters on system performance are investigated, and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system under different operating conditions is evaluated. The results show that higher heat sink outlet temperatures lower the COP and increase SH/DHW-Ratio for the investigated cases. The maximum COP is investigated for various heat loads by continuous high-pressure (HP) modulation, reaching highest values at 50 % to 60 % of maximum heat load. The SH/DHW-Ratio is investigated for the presented simulation cases in DHW+SH mode, reaching 0.68 to 1.06 for different heat loads.</p>
Performance of akaike information criterion and bayesian information criterion in selecting partition models and mixture models
<p>In molecular phylogenetics, partition models and mixture models provide different approaches to accommodating heterogeneity in genomic sequencing data. Both types of models generally give a superior fit to data than models that assume the process of sequence evolution is homogeneous across sites and lineages. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), an estimator of Kullback-Leibler divergence, and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) are popular tools to select models in phylogenetics. Recent work suggests AIC should not be used for comparing mixture and partition models. In this work, we clarify that this difficulty is not fully explained by AIC misestimating the Kullback-Leibler divergence. We also investigate the performance of the AIC and BIC by comparing amongst mixture models and amongst partition models. We find that under non-standard conditions (i.e. when some edges have a small expected number of changes), AIC underestimates the expected Kullback-Leibler divergence. Under such conditions, AIC preferred the complex mixture models and BIC preferred the simpler mixture models. The mixture models selected by AIC had a better performance in estimating the edge length, while the simpler models selected by BIC performed better in estimating the base frequencies and substitution rate parameters. In contrast, AIC and BIC both prefer simpler partition models over more complex partition models under non-standard conditions, despite the fact that the more complex partition model was the generating model. We also investigated how mispartitioning (i.e. grouping sites that have not evolved under the same process) affects both the performance of partition models compared to mixture models and the model selection process. We found that as the level of mispartitioning increases, the bias of AIC in estimating the expected Kullback-Leibler divergence remains the same, and the branch lengths and evolutionary parameters estimated by partition models become less accurate. We recommend that researchers be cautious when using AIC and BIC to select among partition and mixture models; other alternatives, such as cross-validation and bootstrapping should be explored, but may suffer similar limitations.</p>
Multiple Partitioning of Multiplex Signed Networks: Application to European Parliament Votes
<p><strong>Presentation. </strong>For more than a decade, graphs have been used to model the voting behavior taking place in parliaments. However, the methods described in the literature suffer from several limitations. The two main ones are that 1) they rely on some temporal integration of the raw data, which causes some information loss; and/or 2) they identify groups of antagonistic voters, but not the context associated with their occurrence. In this article, we propose a novel method taking advantage of multiplex signed graphs to solve both these issues. It consists in first partitioning separately each layer, before grouping these partitions by similarity. We show the interest of our approach by applying it to a European Parliament dataset. Particularly, we study the voting behavior of French and Italian MEPs on "Agriculture and Rural Development" (AGRI) during the 2012-13 legislative year.</p> <p>These are the data used in the following paper:</p> <ul> <li>N. Arınık, R. Figueiredo, and V. Labatut, “Multiple partitioning of multiplex signed networks: Application to European Parliament votes,” <em>Social Networks</em>, vol. 60, pp. 83–102, 2020. DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2019.02.001">10.1016/j.socnet.2019.02.001</a> ⟨<a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02082574">hal-02082574</a>⟩</li> </ul> <p><strong>Source code.</strong> The code source is accessible on GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/CompNet/MultiNetVotes">https://github.com/CompNet/MultiNetVotes</a></p> <p><strong>Citation. </strong>If you use these data our this source code, please cite the above paper.</p> <p><br><code>@Article{Arinik2020,</code><br><code> author = {Arınık, Nejat and Figueiredo, Rosa and Labatut, Vincent},</code><br><code> title = {Multiple Partitioning of Multiplex Signed Networks: Application to {E}uropean {P}arliament Votes},</code><br><code> journal = {Social Networks},</code><br><code> year = {2020},</code><br><code> volume = {60},</code><br><code> pages = {83-102},</code><br><code> doi = {10.1016/j.socnet.2019.02.001},</code><br><code>}</code><br><br>----------------------------------------------<br><strong>Details.</strong><br><br><strong># RAW INPUT FILES</strong><br>The 'itsyourparliament' folder contains all raw input files for further data processing. This is the same raw data that can be found in our previous Figshare repository: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5785833<br>The folder structure is as follows:<br>* itsyourparliament/<br>** domains: There are 28 domain files. Each file corresponds to a domain (such as Agriculture, Economy, etc.) and contains corresponding vote identifiers and their "itsyourparliament.eu" links.<br>** meps: There are 870 Members of Parliament (MEP) files. Each file contains the MEP information (such as name, country, address, etc.)<br>** votes: There are 7513 vote files. Each file contains the votes expressed by MEPs<br><br><strong># ROLLCALL NETWORKS</strong><br>This folder contains two separate zip files regarding rollcall networks:<br>- rollcall-networks: This folder contains only the rollcall networks that are used in the article.<br>- all-rollcall-networks: For those who are interested in other countries or domains, we make available all rollcall networks that we can extract from raw data.<br>Note that these rollcall networks constitute the layers of the input signed multplex network, as illustrated in Figure 1 of the article. Note also that we consider three vote types in our network extraction process: FOR, AGAINST and ABSTAIN.<br><br><strong># ROLLCALL PARTITIONS</strong><br>Note that MEPs who voted similarly are connected together by positive links, and are connected by negative links to MEPs that voted differently from them. MEPs who did not vote at all (ABSENT) are isolates (nodes without any<br>neighbor). We identify the factions of similarly voting MEPs in the graph by solving the Correlation Clustering problem (CC).<br>The rollcall partitions correspond to voting patterns, as illustrated in Figure 1 of the article.<br><br><strong># ROLLCALL CLUSTERING</strong><br>This folder contains the results of Steps 3 and 4 of our workflow (see Figure 1 in the article). The structure of this folder is as follows:<br>|__ votetypes=FAA/: 'FAA' means we consider three vote types in our analysis: FOR, AGAINST and ABSTAIN.<br>|__ F.purity-k=2-sil=SILHOUETTE_SCORE<br>|__ clu=CLUSTER_NO/<br>|__ network: It corresponds to the network created through the similarity network-based approach, as explained in Section 4.4 of the article.<br>|__ partition: It corresponds to the characteristic voting pattern, as explained in Section 4.4 of the article.<br>----------------------------------------------</p> <p>Funding: this research benefited from the support of the Agorantic FR 3621, as well as the FMJH Program PGMO and from the support to this program from EDF-THALES-ORANGE-CRITEO.</p>
Niche partitioning between planktivorous fish in the pelagic Baltic Sea assessed by DNA metabarcoding, qPCR and microscopy: Data and Analyses
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Marine communities undergo rapid changes because of human-induced ecosystem pressures. The Baltic Sea pelagic food web has experienced several regime shifts during the past century, resulting in a system where competition between planktivorous mesopredators is assumed to be high. While the two clupeids sprat and herring reveal signs of competition, the stickleback population has increased drastically during the past decades. Here, we investigate diet overlap between the three dominating planktivorous fish in the Baltic Sea, utilizing DNA metabarcoding on the <em>18S rRNA</em> gene and the <em>COI </em>gene, targeted qPCR, and microscopy. Our results show niche differentiation between clupeids and stickleback and that rotifers play an important function in niche partitioning of stickleback, as a resource that is not being used, neither by the clupeids nor by other zooplankton. <span>We further show that all the diet assessment methods used in this study are consistent but DNA metabarcoding describes the plankton-fish link at the highest taxonomic resolution. </span>This study suggests that rotifers and other understudied soft-bodied prey may have an important function in the pelagic food web and that the growing population of pelagic stickleback is supported by the unutilized feeding niche offered by the rotifers.</span></p>
Dataset and codes for: Partitioning the apparent temperature sensitivity between autotrophic and heterotrophic protists
<p>Conventional <span>analyses suggest the metabolism of heterotrophs is thermally more sensitive than that of autotrophs, implying that warming leads to pronounced trophodynamic imbalances. However, these analyses inappropriately combine within- and across-taxa trends. We present a novel mathematic framework to separate these, revealing that the higher temperature sensitivity of heterotrophs is mainly caused by within-taxa responses which account for 92% of the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic protists. This dataset contains both the datasets and R codes of per capita growth rates of autotrophic and heterotrophic protists as well as heterotrophic bacteria and insects.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.