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39 results for “Patanga japonica”
Fig 2 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 2 Variation in body color of Patanga japonica last instar nymphs. Photographs were taken on September 1 (A), October 11 (B), October 21 (C), November 11 (D), September 29 (E), and September 27, 2021 (F).
Fig 3 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 3 Proportions of green and non-green Patanga japonica last instar nymphs observed at a study site in Tsukuba in 2021.
Fig 14 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 14 Body color of Patanga japonica adults. A–D. Variation in body color in field-collected adults; E. Adult reared at 34°C; F. Adults on leaf litter (yellow arrows); G. Non-pigmented and reddish hindwings observed in adults before (left) and after overwintering (right). Black male adult in D was collected on July 7, 2021. Scales are adjusted to make body sizes approximately equal except for F.
Fig 13 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 13 Examples of exuviae shed by Patanga japonica last instar nymphs after various treatments. Exuviae had no color with only a thin black line on the hind femurs in singly reared green nymphs (A), black patterns with a yellow background color in crowd-reared nymphs kept at room temperature (B), and in corazonin-injected nymphs kept at a high temperature (C), and had a few black areas with a bright yellow background color in the thoracic area in nymphs reared at a high temperature (D).
Fig 11 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 11 Body color of Patanga japonica adults that were injected with oil alone (left) or 1 nmol CRZ (right) at the fourth stadium and a darkened uninjected old female observed on June 18 in an outdoor cage (bottom).
Fig 12 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 12 Effect of high temperature on black patterning in Patanga japonica. Frequencies of last instar nymphs in different grades after transfer from outdoor conditions to 34°C and LD 12:12h at the third stadium (September 28, 2022) or kept outdoors continuously as a control (A). Examples showing body color variation at the last nymphal instar under outdoor conditions (B–E) and at 34°C (F–H). Last instar nymph that was injected with CRZ at the fourth stadium and then singly kept at 34°C (I). Black patterning grades are based on Fig. 1.
Fig 1 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 1 Examples of the different body colors of the last instar nymphs of Patanga japonica observed during experiments. A. Variation in background color; B. Black patterning grades; C. Nymphs with green and reddish legs. In B, grade 1, no black patterns and only brownish spots or patterns on the abdomen; grade 2, black patterns on the abdomen and some or no brown spots on the thorax; grade 3, distinct black patterns both on the thorax and abdomen but the lateral sides of pronotum without black spots; grade 4, as in grade 3 but the lateral sides of pronotum with distinct black spots; grade 5, as in grade 4 but the lateral sides of pronotum with black markings.
Fig 10 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 10 Body and face color of Patanga japonica penultimate (top, middle) and last (bottom) instar nymphs after injections with oil alone (A) and with 1 nmol CRZ (B) at the fourth stadium singly kept in yellow-green containers (30°C). Black patterning grades are based on Fig. 1.
Figure 8 from: Tanaka S (2024) Temperature-dependent phototaxis in overwintering adults of the grasshopper Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.102749
Figure 8 A, B. P. japonica adult emerging from the litter (A) and beginning to hide under the litter (B). C, D. The daily maximum number of P. japonica adults above litter surface in the outdoor enclosure from Jan. 12 to Apr. 13, 2022 (C) and temperatures under litter, on litter, and air temperature in shade (D). The mean values for short periods are given on top of each panel. Different letters above the means in C indicate significant differences with Steel-Dwass test at the 5% level.
Figure 5 from: Tanaka S (2024) Temperature-dependent phototaxis in overwintering adults of the grasshopper Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.102749
Figure 5 A, B. The daily maximum number of P. japonica adults in the L-area of tubes (A) and mean temperatures from 08:00–18:00 (B). C, D. The relationship between the daily maximum number of adults in the L-area of tubes and daily maximum temperature in the D-area (C) and L-area (D) under outdoor conditions during the period from Dec. 22, 2021 to Jan. 6, 2022.
Figure 6 from: Tanaka S (2024) Temperature-dependent phototaxis in overwintering adults of the grasshopper Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.102749
Figure 6 A–C. The effect of blocking the sunlight in the D-area (A) on the number of P. japonica adults in the L-area and temperatures of the two areas (B, C). Cardboard screen was placed in front of the D-area at 13:00. Grey areas show the period during which adults were moving from L- to D-areas. D–K. The effect of heating of the L-area on the behavior of P. japonica adults. In D–G, yellow and black bars indicate the number of adults in the L- and D-areas. In H–K, yellow and black lines indicate the temperatures in the L- and D-areas. Asterisks indicate a significant difference with a t-test at the 5% level.
Figure 4 from: Tanaka S (2024) Temperature-dependent phototaxis in overwintering adults of the grasshopper Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.102749
Figure 4 The numbers of P. japonica adults in the L-area of tubes (A, B), temperatures in the L- and D-area (C, D) and light intensities (< 20,000 lux, E, F) under outdoor conditions on Dec. 31 (A, C, E) and Jan. 1 (B, D, F). Ten adults were placed in the D- or L-area of each tube at 08:00.
Figure 3 from: Tanaka S (2024) Temperature-dependent phototaxis in overwintering adults of the grasshopper Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.102749
Figure 3 The numbers of P. japonica adults on the walls of cages kept under outdoor and indoor conditions on Dec. 28 (A) and 29 (B). All adults were placed on the floor at 08:00 on the first day in the indoor cage. Temperature on the floor was monitored hourly (C, D). Pale orange areas indicate the time of sunlight on cages.
Figure 2 from: Tanaka S (2024) Temperature-dependent phototaxis in overwintering adults of the grasshopper Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.102749
Figure 2 The proportion of P. japonica adults that stood within 10 min after being placed with their sides down at 08:00 (N = 8–12) on the cork floor under outdoor conditions from Jan. 20–29 (A), the time of day when those adults that remained motionless for >10 min after being placed with their sides down at 08:00 stood spontaneously (B), and the floor and their body temperatures when standing (C).
Figure 10 from: Tanaka S (2024) Temperature-dependent phototaxis in overwintering adults of the grasshopper Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.102749
Figure 10 A. The relationship between body temperatures of P. japonica adults and temperatures on litter in the outdoor enclosure from Jan. 17 to Feb. 7. Sitting, adults sitting on litter; emerging, those that just emerged from litter; hiding, those that started moving to hide under litter. Dotted lines indicate that the two temperatures are similar. B, C. The proportions of days when the temperature on litter increased, remained unchanged, and decreased during 1 h before the first P. japonica emerged (B) and before the first adult hid under litter (C) in the outdoor enclosure from Jan. 12 to Feb. 25.
Figure 9 from: Tanaka S (2024) Temperature-dependent phototaxis in overwintering adults of the grasshopper Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.102749
Figure 9 A–E. Daily changes in the percentage of P. japonica adults above litter in the outdoor enclosure containing 20 individuals. Each histogram represents the mean percentage of insects at that hour averaged over all the days of that specific period. Bars indicate one SD. F. The relationship between the daily maximum number of P. japonica adults above the litter surface and various daily maximum temperatures in the outdoor enclosure from Feb. 6 to 25. T-1 = temperature at the bottom of litter; T-2 = temperature on litter; AT = air temperature, shade. G. The relationship between the numbers of P. japonica adults above litter and temperatures at 18:00 in the outdoor enclosure from Feb. 27 to Apr. 12. T-1, temperature at the bottom of litter; T-2, temperature on litter; AT, air temperature, shade.
Figure 11 from: Tanaka S (2024) Temperature-dependent phototaxis in overwintering adults of the grasshopper Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.102749
Figure 11 The number of P. japonica adults that appeared in the L-areas of tubes at 20°C under artificial illumination on Jan. 3 (A) and Jan. 8 (B). Treatment tubes were transferred to warm indoors from the cool outside at 20:00, causing them to rapidly heat. Control tubes experienced only a mild temperature increase because they had already been indoors for several hours. All adults were placed in D-areas at 20:00. Temperatures in the L-areas are shown. Note that no Control insects moved into the L-areas on both days.
Figure 7 from: Tanaka S (2024) Temperature-dependent phototaxis in overwintering adults of the grasshopper Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.102749
Figure 7 Outdoor enclosure (48 × 80 × 30 cm) for observation of behavior of P. japonica adults.
Figure 1 from: Tanaka S (2024) Temperature-dependent phototaxis in overwintering adults of the grasshopper Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.102749
Figure 1 Tube used to observe daily behavior of P. japonica adults.
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