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Fig. 3 in Arisaema brinchangense Y.W. Low, Scherberich & Gusman (Araceae), a new threatened species endemic to the Cameron Highlands (Peninsular Malaysia)

Fig. 3. – Distribution of Arisaema brinchangense Y.W. Low, Scherberich & Gusman (black circle) in Peninsular Malaysia.

Fig. 1 in Molecular evidence of hybridisation in two invasive species of Pomacea (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Fig. 1. Geographical location and habitat type of sampling sites of Pomacea species in Peninsular Malaysia.

Fig. 4 in Molecular evidence of hybridisation in two invasive species of Pomacea (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Fig. 4. Median-joining haplotype network of Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata sequences from Peninsular Malaysia (N=108 from 90 individuals) and the native ranges (N=105) based on 409 nucleotides of the EF1α gene. The network shows the relationship between haplotypes from different geographic regions based on sequence similarity. Unique sequences within each individual were included in the alignment (sequences for homozygotes were not doubled). Node colours represent the (A) geographic location and (B) species identity of the sequences (see legends). Each node represents a unique haplotype and node size is proportional to the haplotype frequency. Branches between nodes indicate a single nucleotide substitution unless denoted by numerical values for multiple nucleotide substitutions. Red (A) and black (B) nodes represent hypothetical ancestors or unsampled haplotypes. Two major groups are framed in grey dotted lines; P. canaliculata and P. maculata.

Fig. 3 in Molecular evidence of hybridisation in two invasive species of Pomacea (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Fig. 3. Bayesian inference phylograms depicting relationship of P. canaliculata and P. maculata from Peninsular Malaysia and Pomacea spp. from other regions based on the (A) mitochondrial COI and (B) nuclear EF1α markers. Kuantan, Tasik ChinChin, Limbat Lembu, Subang Jaya, Putrajaya, Guar Cempedak, Pasir Gudang, Sekinchan, and Temoh refer to geographic locations in Peninsular Malaysia where specimens in this study were collected. Bayesian posterior probabilities/maximum likelihood bootstrap supports are indicated by nodal values. Pomacea difussa and P. scalaris were used to root the phylogenies. Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata clades are highlighted in green and blue, respectively. Underlined taxa marked with '*' indicate interspecific heterozygous individuals whereas taxa in red and marked with '**' are COI-EF1α mito-nuclear incongruences.

Fig. 2 in Molecular evidence of hybridisation in two invasive species of Pomacea (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Fig. 2. Representative agarose gel electrophoresis image showing the ApaLI-digested EF1α amplicons for 14 specimens from Putrajaya. The single band, two-band, and three-band RFLP profiles indicate Pomacea canaliculata, P. maculata, and interspecific heterozygous hybrids, respectively.

Fig. 85 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 85. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846), male (5.4 × 5.5 mm) (ZRC 2018.783), Philippines. A, overall dorsal view; B, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, ventral view of sternum and pleon; D, outer view of right chela.

Fig. 84 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 84. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846). A, ovigerous female (carapace width 11.9 mm, carapace broken) (ZRC 2017.1017), Panglao, Philippines; B, ovigerous female (13.6 × 10.5 mm) (ZRC 2017.1019), Changi, Singapore; C, ovigerous female (11.8 × 9.5 mm) (ZRC 2017.1017), Panglao, Philippines; D, ovigerous female (11.0 × 8.9 mm) (ZRC 2017.1017), Panglao, Philippines; E, ovigerous female (16.6 × 12.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.185), Kerala, India; F, G, ovigerous female (14.7 × 11.2 mm) (ZRC 2016.184), Kerala, India. A, frontal margin of carapace; B, C, E–G, left MXP3 (setae denuded); D, right MXP3 (setae denuded). F, G, drawn at different angles. Scales = A, 1.0 mm; B–G, 0.5 mm.

Fig. 81 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 81. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846). A, ovigerous female (12.1 × 9.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.166), Vanuatu; B, E, F, ovigerous female (13.5 × 10.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.165), Vanuatu; C, ovigerous female (11.9 × 9.3 mm) (ZRC 2017.1019), Changi, Singapore; D, ovigerous female (13.6 × 10.5 mm) (ZRC 2017.1019), Changi, Singapore. A–D, overall dorsal view; E, frontal view of cephalothorax; F, left P2–P5.

Fig. 78 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 78. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846), type female (20.0 × 18.0 mm). A, overall dorsal view; B, D, left MXP3; C, outer view of right chela. A–C, after Hombron & Jacquinot (1846: pl. 5 figs. 21–23); D, after Milne Edwards (1853: pl. 11 fig. 6).

Fig. 74 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 74. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846), colour in life. A, non-ovigerous female (14.4 × 10.8 mm) (ZRC 2017.1018), Changi, Singapore; B–D, ovigerous female (13.2 × 9.9 mm) (ZRC 2017.1018), Changi, Singapore. A, B, overall dorsal view; C, D, frontal view of cephalothorax. Photographs: Tan Heok Hui.

Fig. 72 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 72. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846), colour in life. A, ovigerous female (13.0 × 10.0 mm) (ZRC 2018.782), Philippines; B, ovigerous female (9.0 × 6.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.781), Philippines; C, male (5.4 × 5.5 mm) (ZRC 2018.783), Philippines. Photographs: A, Chan Tin-Yam.

Fig. 75 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 75. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846), colour in life, non-ovigerous female (14.6 × 10.7 mm) (ZRC 2017.1020), with bopyrid parasite (Rhopalione sp.), Changi, Singapore. A, overall habitus; B, frontal view of cephalothorax showing asymmetrical pleon; C, female pleon with left side folded inwards; D, ventral surface of pleon showing folding of left side; E, ventral view of Rhopalione sp.; F, dorsal view of Rhopalione sp. Photographs: Lee Bee Yan.

Fig. 69 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 69. Nepinnotheres corbiculae (Sakai, 1939). A, female, overall dorsal view; B, left female MXP3; C, outer view of left female chela. A, after Sakai (1976: pl. 200 fig. 4); B, C, after Sakai (1939: text-fig. 77).

Fig. 66 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 66. Plenotheres coarctatus (Bürger, 1895). A–I, neotype female (13.1 × 11.4 mm) (ZRC 2020.13), Indonesian Papua; J, K, female (14.1 × 13.1 mm) (ZRC 2001.2237), Singapore. A–D, left P2–P5, respectively; E–H, right P2–P5, respectively; I, left MXP3; J, distal part of left P5 dactylus (ventral view, soft setae omitted); K, distal part of right P5 dactylus (ventral view, soft setae omitted). Scales = A–H, 1.0 mm; I, 0.5 mm; J, K, 0.25 mm.

Fig. 65 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 65. Plenotheres coarctatus (Bürger, 1895), overall dorsal view. A, neotype female (13.1 × 11.4 mm) (ZRC 2020.13), Indonesian Papua; B, female (11.5 × 10.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.766), Indonesian Papua; C, female (13.9 × 12.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.681), Singapore; D, female (13.3 × 11.9 mm) (ZRC 2012.1223), Singapore; E, female (8.0 × 7.6 mm) (ZRC 2018.254), Peninsular Malaysia; F, female (11.9 × 10.6 mm) (ZRC 2018.254), Peninsular Malaysia.

Fig. 67 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 67. Plenotheres coarctatus (Bürger, 1895), male (3.3 × 3.4 mm) (ZRC 2018.765), Indonesian Papua. A, overall dorsal view; B, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, outer view of right chela.

Fig. 71 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 71. Nepinnotheres corbiculae (Sakai, 1939), male (2.1 × 1.8 mm) (KPM-NH 106679), Japan. A, right MXP3 (outer view); B, right MXP3 (inner view); C, D, propodus and dactylus of right MXP3 (outer view); E, outer view of left chela; F–I, left P2–P5, respectively; J, right P3; K, pleon; L, left G1 (ventral view); M, left G1 (dorsal view); N, distal part of left G1 (ventral view, setae omitted); O, distal part of left G1 (dorsal view, setae omitted); P, right G2; Q, distal part of right G2. Scales = A, B, E–M, P, 0.2 mm; C, D, N, O, Q, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 68 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 68. Plenotheres coarctatus (Bürger, 1895), male (3.3 × 3.4 mm) (ZRC 2018.765), Indonesian Papua. A–D, left P2–P5, respectively; E–H, right P2–P5, respectively; I, outer view of right chela; J, left MXP3; K, palp of left MXP3 (outer view); L, palp of left MXP3 (inner view); M, pleon; N, left G1 (ventral view); O, distal part of left G1 (ventral view, setae omitted); P, left G1 (dorsal view, setae omitted); Q, left G2. Scales = A–I, M, 0.5 mm; J–L, N–Q, 0.2 mm.

Fig. 61 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 61. Arcotheres placunicola Ng, 2018, after Ng (2018a: fig. 4). A, B, D–P, paratype male (5.6 × 4.7 mm) (ZRC 2017.1010); C, Q, paratype young male (2.4 × 2.4 mm) (ZRC 2017.1014). Both specimens from Changi, Singapore. A, right chela and carpus (setae omitted); B, C, male pleon; D, right MXP3 (setae omitted); E–H, right P2–P5, respectively; I–L, left P2–P5, respectively (setae omitted); L', distal part of P5 dactylus (dorsal view, soft setae omitted); M, Q, left G1 (ventral view, setae omitted); N, left G1 (dorsal view, setae omitted); O, left G2 (setae omitted); P, right G2 (mesial view showing exopod, setae omitted). Scales = A, B, E–L, 1.0 mm; D, M–P, 0.5 mm; C, L', Q, 0.25 mm.

Fig. 64 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 64. Plenotheres coarctatus (Bürger, 1895), female (6.8 × 6.5 mm) (ZRC 2018.246), Peninsular Malaysia. A, overall dorsal view; B, ventral view of cephalothorax; C, frontal view of cephalothorax; D, outer view of right chela.