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138 results for “Pest control”
Fig. 1 in Evaluation of abamectin as a potential chemical control for the lychee erinose mite (Acari: Eriophyidae), a new invasive pest in Florida
Fig. 1. Proportion of lychee plants that did not develop erinea afer Aceria litchii infested leaflets were placed on them. Leaflets were sprayed with abamectin (red), organosilicone surfactant (black), a combination of abamectin and organosilicone surfactant (grey), water (blue), or non-sprayed (green). Shown are average proportions of lychee plants through time. N = 10 for each treatment.
Fig. 3 in Effect of BAM-FX in developing a management program to control major insect pests of tomato: sweetpotato whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and their transmitted viruses
Fig. 3. Mean number of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) per 5 leaf sample of tomato treated with various treatments of BAM‑FX and N‑P‑K granular fertilizer in 2016. Bars represent standard error of the means. T1 = BAM‑FX applied on soil, no pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T2 = BAM‑FX applied on foliage, no pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T3 = BAM‑FX applied on soil, pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T4 = BAM‑FX applied on foliage, pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T5 = BAM‑FX applied on foliage, pesticide, N‑P‑K fertilizer; T6 = no BAM‑FX, pesticide, N‑P‑K fertilizer; T7 = no BAM‑FX, no pesticide, N‑P‑K fertilizer; D1 = first sampling date (14 Dec); D2 = second sampling date (21 Dec); D3 = third sampling date (21 Dec); D4 = fourth sampling date (28 Dec); D5 = fifth sampling date (4 Jan); D6 = sixth sampling date (11 Jan).
Fig. 2 in Effect of BAM-FX in developing a management program to control major insect pests of tomato: sweetpotato whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and their transmitted viruses
Fig. 2. Mean number of common blossom thrips (Frankliniella schultzei) per 5 leaf sample of tomato treated with various treatments of BAM‑FX and N‑P‑K granular fertilizer in 2016. Bars represent standard error of the means. T1 = BAM‑FX applied on soil, no pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T2 = BAM‑FX applied on foliage, no pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T3 = BAM‑FX applied on soil, pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T4 = BAM‑FX applied on foliage, pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T5 = BAM‑FX applied on foliage, pesticide, N‑P‑K fertilizer; T6 = no BAM‑FX, pesticide, N‑P‑K fertilizer; T7 = no BAM‑FX, no pesticide, N‑P‑K fertilizer; D1 = first sampling date (14 Dec); D2 = second sampling date (21 Dec); D3 = third sampling date (21 Dec); D4 = fourth sampling date (28 Dec); D5 = fifh sampling date (4 Jan); D6 = 6th sampling date (11 Jan).
Genome and transcriptome analysis of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua reveals targets for pest control
<p>The genus <i>Spodoptera</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes some of the most infamous insect pests of cultivated plants including <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, <i>Spodoptera litura</i> and <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>. To effectively develop targeted pest control strategies for diverse <i>Spodoptera</i> species, genomic resources are highly desired. To this aim, we provide the genome assembly and developmental transcriptome comprising all major life stages of <i>S. exigua</i>, the beet armyworm. <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> is a polyphagous herbivore that can feed from > 130 host plants including several economically important crops.</p> <p>The 419 Mb beet armyworm genome was sequenced from a female <i>S. exigua</i> pupa. Using a hybrid genome sequencing approach (Nanopore long read data and Illumina short read), a high-quality genome assembly was achieved (N50=1.1 Mb). An official gene set (OGS, 18,477 transcripts) was generated by automatic annotation and by using transcriptomic RNA-seq data sets of 18 <i>S. exigua</i> samples as supporting evidence. In-depth analyses of developmental stage-specific expression in combination with gene tree analyses of identified homologous genes across Lepidoptera genomes revealed four potential genes of interest (three of them <i>Spodoptera</i>-specific) upregulated during 1<sup>st</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> instar larval stages for targeted pest-outbreak management.</p> <p>The beet armyworm genome sequence and developmental transcriptome covering all major developmental stages provides critical insights into the biology of this devastating polyphagous insect pest species with a worldwide distribution. In addition, comparative genomic analyses across Lepidoptera significantly advance our knowledge to further control other invasive <i>Spodoptera</i> species and reveals potential lineage-specific target genes for pest control strategies.</p>
Urban tree pests can support biological control services in landscape shrubs
<p>Scale insects are common tree pests in urban ecosystems. Although severe scale infestations can worsen tree condition, trees can tolerate moderate scale densities. Scale insects are prey for many arthropod natural enemies that also feed on plant pests throughout urban landscapes. Because scale-infested trees support natural enemy communities, they may support biological control services on nearby plants and function analogously to banker plants in greenhouse production systems. In this study, we tested if sentinel insect prey were more likely to be removed on shrubs below scale-infested trees compared to scale-uninfested trees. We conducted several biological control experiments from 2019–2021 using fruit flies, aphids, and caterpillars in potted and planted holly shrubs below scale-infested and scale-uninfested oak trees. We found that caterpillars in potted shrubs and fruit flies in planted landscape shrubs were more likely to be removed underneath scale-infested trees compared to scale-uninfested trees. Caterpillars were also more likely to be removed from landscape <em>Ilex</em> <em>vomitoria</em> shrubs compared to <em>I</em>. <em>cornuta</em> shrubs. In all other experiments, we found no effect of scale infestation status or shrub species on prey removal. Our results suggest that scale-infested trees can support biological control services in shrubs below them but that this effect can vary depending on prey and shrub species. The natural enemy communities in urban trees and shrubs appear to be linked and tolerating tree pests can favor conservation biological control services in urban landscapes.</p>
Near-Chromosomal-Level Genome of the Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), a Potential Resource for Genome-Based Pest Control.
<p>Red palm weevil genome annotation data set</p>
Data from: Do biological control agents adapt to local pest genotypes? A multi-year test across geographic scales
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Genome and transcriptome analysis of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua reveals targets for pest control
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Urban tree pests can support biological control services in landscape shrubs
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Gene drives for vertebrate pest control: realistic spatial modelling of eradication probabilities and times for island mouse populations
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Data from: Pest control potential of adjacent agri-environment schemes varies with crop type and is shaped by landscape context and within-field position
<ol> <li>Increasing natural pest control in agricultural fields is an important aim of ecological intensification. Combined effects of landscape context and local placement of agri-environmental schemes on natural pest control and within field distance functions of natural pest control agents have rarely been addressed but might affect the distribution of biocontrol providers. Importantly, it is currently unknown whether ecosystem services provided by adjacent agri-environmental schemes (AES) are consistent for different crop types during crop rotation.</li> <li>In this study, we assessed whether crop rotation from oilseed rape to cereals altered within-field distance functions of ground dwelling predators from adjacent agri-environmental fields along a gradient in landscape context. Additionally we recorded crop pests, predation rates, parasitoids as well as crop yields on a total of 30 study sites.</li> <li>Distance functions varied between trophic levels: Carabid richness decreased while densities of carabid beetles, staphylinid beetles as well as crop yields increased towards the field centres. Distance functions of parasitoids and pests were modulated by the amount of semi-natural habitat in the surrounding landscape, while the effects of adjacent AES were limited.</li> <li>Distance decay functions found for ground dwelling predators in oilseed rape in the previous year were not always present in cereals. Increasing distance to the field edge also increased effects of crop rotation on carabid beetle assemblages, indicating a source habitat function of field edges.</li> <li>Synthesis and applications<i>.</i> Distance functions of natural pest control are not universal and the effects of agri-environmental schemes (AES) in different adjacent crops during crop rotation vary and depends on ecological contrasts. A network of semi-natural habitats and spatially optimised AES habitats can benefit pest control in agricultural landscapes, but constraints as a result of crop type need to be addressed by annually targeted, spatially shifting AES schemes for different crops.</li> </ol> <div> </div>
Prior adaptation of parasitoids improves biological control of symbiont-protected pests
There is increasing demand for sustainable pest management to reduce harmful effects of pesticides on the environment and human health. For pest aphids, biological control with parasitoid wasps provides a welcome alternative, particularly in greenhouses. However, aphids are frequently infected with the heritable bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa, which increases resistance to parasitoids and thereby hampers biological control. Using the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae) and its main parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum, we tested whether prior adaptation of parasitoids can improve the control of symbiont-protected pests. We had parasitoid lines adapted to two different strains of H. defensa by experimental evolution, as well as parasitoids evolved on H. defensa-free aphids. We compared their ability to control caged aphid populations comprising 60% unprotected and 40% H. defensa-protected aphids, with both H. defensa strains present in the populations. Parasitoids that were not adapted to H. defensa had virtually no effect on aphid population dynamics compared to parasitoid-free controls, but one of the adapted lines and a mixture of both adapted lines controlled aphids successfully, strongly benefitting plant growth. Selection by parasitoids altered aphid population composition in a very specific manner. Aphid populations became dominated by H. defensa-protected aphids in the presence of parasitoids, and each adapted parasitoid line selected for the H. defensa strain it was not adapted to. This study shows, for the first time, that prior adaptation of parasitoids improves biological control of symbiont-protected pests, but the high specificity of parasitoid counter-resistance may represent a challenge for its implementation.
DownloadData used for the Bibliometric Analysis_ML in Pest Control
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Figure 3 in Aculus taihangensis (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae), a potential biological control agent identified from the highly invasive pest plant, tree of heaven, in Türkiye
Figure 3. Aculus taihangensis – Deutogyne: A. Coxigenital region, B. Internal genitalia.
Raw data for "A-Proof-of -Concept: In vivo Volatile Organic Compounds Secretion Monitoring as a Tool for Prediction of Natural Pest Control Ability"
<p>This upload refers to work entitled "A-Proof-of -Concept: In vivo Volatile Organic Compounds Secretion Monitoring as a Tool for Prediction of Natural Pest Control Ability" and contains the unprocessed data obtained during experiments perform. </p>
The effects of ants on pest control: a meta-analysis
<p>Dataset and R codes of "The effects of ants on pest control: a meta-analysis" by Anjos et al. (2023).</p> <p>We searched for papers in Web of Science<sup>©</sup> and Scopus<sup>©</sup> databases using all available years up to 31st March 2021. We used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol for paper search (Moher et al., 2000). We used the following key terms in our search: “ant” AND “biological” AND “control”. To complement our dataset, we searched for more studies in recent reviews (Anjos et al., 2021; Diamé et al., 2018; Drummond and Choate, 2011; Offenberg, 2015; Rosumek et al., 2009; Thurman et al., 2019; Trager et al., 2010; van Mele et al., 2008). We selected studies according to two criteria. Studies must have: (i) investigated ant effects on abundance of pests or natural enemies, or effects of ants on plant damage (i.e., damaged leaves or fruit, lost fruit or lost leaf area) or crop yield (i.e., fruit production and fruit biomass); (ii) experimentally evaluated the influence of ants by contrasting ant presence with ant exclusion (e.g., ants have been excluded using physical or chemical barriers) on agrosystems.</p> <p>Our initial search identified 2,682 studies (1207 in Web of Science<sup>©</sup> and 1475 in Scopus<sup>©</sup>) that were potentially appropriate for our review. Of these, 678 were eliminated because they were duplicates and 1953 because they were not about the subject of interest or they were not about studies that compared the ant presence and exclusion protocols (Supporting Information, Fig. S1). Then, after applying our initial inclusion criteria (i, ii), 52 studies from our search remained in our dataset (Supporting Information, Table S1). Overall, these studies provided 857 cases (gathered through effect size estimates) for our analyses</p>
Data for: Direct and indirect effects of management and landscape on biological pest control and crop pest infestation in apple orchards
<p>Biological pest control, relying on naturally occurring predator-prey dynamics, is considered a key element to achieve more sustainable farming systems. However, the combined effects of local management and landscape factors on communities of natural enemies as well as the cascading effects on pest infestations are rarely addressed, especially in perennial crops. Here, we used Piecewise Structural Equation Modelling (PSEM) to test direct and indirect effects of landscape composition, landscape configuration and local management practices on natural enemy communities, the pest control services they provide and ultimately on pest infestation and pest-related yield damage in apple crops. To this end, we surveyed 12 organic and 12 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) orchards during three consecutive years, and we also established a semi-natural benchmark to quantify the extent to which predator communities in the orchards were degraded. Natural enemies had a different community composition and were more abundant in organic orchards compared to IPM orchards. This had a small and positive effect on sentinel egg predation rates in organic orchards, but overall had very little impact on actual apple pest infestation. On the contrary, apple pest infestation levels were directly and positively affected by organic management practices and by increasing semi-natural habitat cover and landscape edge density. Compared to a semi-natural benchmark, both agricultural management systems showed degraded predator communities, which translated into an impaired delivery of biological control services. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that organic management and habitat conservation can enhance natural enemies and stimulate pest control, but also show that these factors can enhance pest infestations and can even lead to an overall increase in pest-related crop damage. Our study thus highlights the complex interplay of ecosystem services and disservices provided by biodiversity, which should be taken into account when advising farmers, policy makers and land managers on effective and sustainable strategies to control pest species and safeguard crop production.</p>
Raw data for: Evaluating the impact of alyssum flower strips on biological control of key pests in flue-cured tobacco agroecosystems
<p>Flue-cured tobacco, <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em> (L.) is often attacked by various pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and tobacco budworms. Insecticide application has been the primary method in managing these pests in Yunnan province. However, it is necessary to look for more sustainable strategies that can help control pests. In this context, conservation biological control is a highly promising alternative, involving the cultivation or conservation of flowering plants within the agricultural ecosystem to attract and support natural enemies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of alyssum, <em>Lobularia maritima</em> (L.) Desv. in attracting natural enemies and managing pests in flue-cures tobacco cultivation. The study conducted two field experiments over successive years, each with two treatments and three replicates, arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments were (1) tobacco monoculture, and (2) tobacco intercropped with alyssum flower strips. The population density of natural enemies and pests was monitored weekly throughout the study period. The results showed that the presence of alyssum flowers in the tobacco + alyssum treatment significantly increased the abundance of generalist predators such as syrphids, rove beetles, carabids, <em>Orius</em> sp., and spiders during both experiments. This increase in predator population led to a substantial reduction in tobacco pests, particularly aphids. Intercropping alyssum with tobacco can serve as an effective strategy for managing pests specific to the Nicotiana plant, as well as addressing the limited availability of approved insecticides for this crop. This approach may help to mitigate pest-related issues and reduce the reliance on insecticides in tobacco cultivation, contributing to more sustainable pest management practices.</p>
Fig. 1 in Effects of Farming Systems on Insect Communities in the Paddy Fields of a Simplified Landscape During a Pest-control Intervention.
Fig. 1. Rice fields of different farming systems sampled in northern Taiwan.
Lambda-cyhalothrin-driven mortality of pest control agents - IRAC insecticide-coated glass vials test
<p>The dataset contains 24 h mortality data from the IRAC-recognised insecticide-coated glass vials test on lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity to pest control agents tested in 5 European countries. Individuals of each tested species were exposed to five insecticide doses, relative to the Recommended Field Dose (RFD), namely 0.8% RFD, 4% RFD, 20% RFD, 100% RFD, and 200% RFD, plus acetone control. RFD was assumed at 7.5 g a.i./ha as this value is most relevant to the crops covered by the study. <strong>The dataset was used to generate Species Sensitivity Distributions published in the article "Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) profiles towards λ-cyhalothrin for key ecosystem service provider (ESP) species across five European countries representing different pedoclimatic zones", STOTEN 2024, which should be quoted if the data are used for any purpose: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176412. </strong></p> <p>The research was funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program “EcoStack” (grant agreement no. 773554). </p> <p> </p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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