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34 results for “Pharmaceutical Data”
Clinical Trial Transparency and Data-Sharing Among Bio-Pharmaceutical Companies and the Role of Company Size, Location, and Product Type: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Analysis
<p><b>Objective</b>: To examine company characteristics associated with better transparency and to apply a tool used to measure and improve clinical trial transparency among large companies and drugs, to smaller companies and biologics.</p> <p><b>Design</b>: Cross-sectional descriptive analysis.</p> <p><b>Setting and participants. </b>Novel drugs and biologics FDA approved in 2016 and 2017, and their company sponsors.</p> <p>Using established Good Pharma Scorecard (GPS) measures, companies and products were evaluated on their clinical trial registration, results dissemination, and FDA Amendments Act (FDAAA) implementation; Companies were ranked using these measures and a multi-component data sharing measure. Associations between company transparency scores with company size (large vs non-large), location (US vs non-US), and sponsored product type (drug vs biologic) were also examined. 26% of products (16/62) had publicly available results for all clinical trials supporting their FDA approval and 67% (39/58) had public results for trials in patients by 6 months after their FDA approval; 58% (32/55) were FDAAA compliant. Large companies were significantly more transparent than non-large companies (overall median transparency score of 95% [IQR 91-100] vs 59% [IQR 41-70], p<0.001), attributable to higher FDAAA compliance (median of 100% [IQR 88-100] vs 57% [0-100], p=0.01) and better data sharing (median of 100% [IQR 80-100] vs 20% [IQR 20-40], p<0.01). No significant differences were observed by company location or product type. It was feasible to apply the GPS transparency measures and ranking tool to non-large companies and biologics. Large companies are significantly more transparent than non-large companies, driven by better data sharing procedures and implementation of FDAAA trial reporting requirements. Greater research transparency is needed, particularly among non-large companies, to maximize the benefits of research for patient care and scientific innovation. </p>
Data for: Can pharmaceutical pollution alter the spread of infectious disease? A case study using fluoxetine.
<p>Human activity is changing global environments at an unprecedented rate, imposing new ecological and evolutionary ramifications on wildlife dynamics, including host-parasite interactions. Here we investigate how an emerging concern of modern human activity, pharmaceutical pollution, influences the spread of disease in a population, using the water flea <em>Daphnia</em> <em>magna</em> and the bacterial pathogen <em>Pasteuria</em> <em>ramosa</em> as a model system. We found that exposure to different concentrations of fluoxetine—a widely prescribed psychoactive drug and widespread contaminant of aquatic ecosystems—affected the severity of disease experienced by an individual in a non-monotonic manner. The direction and magnitude of any effect, however, varied with both the infection outcome measured, as well as the genotype of the pathogen. In contrast, the characteristics of unexposed animals, and thus the growth and density of susceptible hosts, were robust to fluoxetine. Using our data to parameterise an epidemiology model, we show that fluoxetine is unlikely to lead to a net increase or decrease in the likelihood of an infectious disease outbreak, as measured by a pathogen's transmission rate or basic reproductive number. Instead, any given pathogen genotype may experience a two-fold change in likely fitness, but often in opposing directions. Our study demonstrates that changes in pharmaceutical pollution give rise to complex genotype-by-environment interactions in its influence on disease dynamics, with repercussions on pathogen genetic diversity and evolution.</p>
Data from: Simultaneous determination of diosmin and hesperidin in combined pharmaceutical preparation by synchronous fluorescence spectrofluorimetric method
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Data from: Water-borne pharmaceuticals reduce phenotypic diversity and response capacity of natural phytoplankton communities
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Data for: Can pharmaceutical pollution alter the spread of infectious disease? A case study using fluoxetine.
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Data from: Sharing of clinical trial data and results reporting practices among large pharmaceutical companies: cross sectional descriptive study and pilot of a tool to improve company practices
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Clinical Trial Transparency and Data-Sharing Among Bio-Pharmaceutical Companies and the Role of Company Size, Location, and Product Type: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Analysis
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Data from: Characterizing the interaction between physicians, pharmacists and pharmaceutical representatives in a middle-income country: a qualitative study
Background: Studies around the world have shown that interactions between pharmaceutical companies, pharmacists and physicians have a great influence on prescribing and drug dispensing practices. In middle-income countries, the nature and extent of these interactions have not been well researched. Our objectives were to qualitatively explore the nature of the interactions between pharmaceutical companies, physicians and pharmacists, their impact on drug prescription and dispensing practices in Lebanon. Methods and Findings: We used grounded theory approach as well as the known sponsor, purposive, and snowballing sampling strategies to identify interviewees from the three respective groups: physicians, pharmacists, and pharmaceutical representatives. We conducted semi-structured and analyzed transcripts thematically. 6 pharmaceutical representatives, 13 physicians and 13 pharmacists participated in the study. The following themes emerged: purpose and driver for the interactions, nature of the interactions, incentives, impact on prescription practices, ethical considerations, and suggestions for managing the interactions. The main purposes for the interaction were educational, promotional, and monitoring prescription practices and dispensing, while the main drivers for these interactions were market potential and neighborhood socio-economic status. Physicians, pharmacists and pharmaceutical representatives who engage in these interactions benefit from a variety of incentives, some of which were characterized as unethical. It appears that pharmaceutical companies give prominence to selected physicians within their communities. Although members of the three interviewed groups refer to some of the interactions as being problematic, they described a culture of acceptance of gift giving. We developed a framework that depicts the prevailing politico-cultural environment, the interactions between the three professional groups, and their impact on drug prescription. Underreporting is the main limitation of this study. Conclusion: Interactions between physicians, pharmacists and pharmaceutical representatives are frequent. Although these interactions can be beneficial, they still have a substantial effect on drug prescription and dispensing practices. Hence, the need for new policies that regulate these interactions and penalize any misconduct.
The method and data for Efficiency Evaluation of Listed Pharmaceutical Companies in China Using Three-Stage DEA with PCA Integration
<p>The method and data used for this article</p>
Support Data Operational Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Companies in China Based on Three Stage DEA with Undesirable Outputs Model.
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Data from: Characterizing the interaction between physicians, pharmacists and pharmaceutical representatives in a middle-income country: a qualitative study
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Figure 2 from: Stoimenova A, Kirilov B, Zaykova K (2019) Analysis of good distribution practice inspection deficiency data of pharmaceutical wholesalers in Bulgaria. Pharmacia 66(3): 85-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35880
Figure 2 No of suspended wholesale authorizations 2009–2018.
Figure 1 from: Stoimenova A, Kirilov B, Zaykova K (2019) Analysis of good distribution practice inspection deficiency data of pharmaceutical wholesalers in Bulgaria. Pharmacia 66(3): 85-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35880
Figure 1 Number of authorizations issued 2007–2018.
Data Set of paper_Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals and inactivation of viruses in water with tungsten oxide electrodes
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