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36 results for “Phocoena phocoena”
Table 3 in Acoustic monitoring reveals the times and tides of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) distribution off central Oregon, U. S. A.
<p><i>Table 3.</i> Simultaneous DMON site deployment data: For the periods when recording devices were present at both the reef and offshore sites and simultaneously recording, the number and percent of porpoise positive minutes (PPMs), and buzz positive minutes (BPMs) detected at each site are given, as well as the number and percent (displayed in bold) that were detected at both sites simultaneously during the same 10 min time period.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Detection type</th><th>Location</th><th>Number of detections</th><th>Percent of total detection type</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>PPMs</th><td>Reef Offshore Present at both</td><td>1,297 514 521</td><td>55.6% 22.0% <b>22.3%</b></td></tr><tr><th>BPMs</th><td>Reef Offshore Present at both</td><td>546 207 43</td><td>68.6% 26.0% 5.4%</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 2 in Acoustic monitoring reveals the times and tides of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) distribution off central Oregon, U. S. A.
<p><i>Table 2.</i> Recorded data set for the entire time of investigation, separated for each station by diel phase and their totals. PPM: porpoise positive minute; BPM: buzz-positive minute.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Diel</th><th>Recorded</th><th>Porpoise positive</th><th>PPM (% per complete</th><th>Click only</th><th>Buzz positive</th><th>BPM (%</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Site</th><td>phase</td><td>minutes</td><td>minutes (PPM)</td><td>observation period)</td><td>minutes</td><td>minutes (BPM)</td><td>per PPM)</td></tr><tr><th>Reef</th><td>Morning</td><td>278</td><td>92</td><td>33.1</td><td>66</td><td>26</td><td>28.3</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Day</td><td>3,163</td><td>1,239</td><td>39.2</td><td>876</td><td>363</td><td>29.3</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Evening</td><td>286</td><td>104</td><td>36.4</td><td>68</td><td>36</td><td>34.6</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Night</td><td>1,793</td><td>622</td><td>34.7</td><td>436</td><td>186</td><td>29.9</td></tr><tr><th>Offshore</th><td>Morning</td><td>353</td><td>62</td><td>17.6</td><td>40</td><td>22</td><td>35.5</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Day</td><td>4,075</td><td>730</td><td>17.9</td><td>593</td><td>137</td><td>18.8</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Evening</td><td>351</td><td>78</td><td>22.2</td><td>64</td><td>14</td><td>17.9</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Night</td><td>3,019</td><td>550</td><td>18.2</td><td>370</td><td>180</td><td>32.7</td></tr></tbody></table>
Genotype likelihood (beagle file) and genotype (vcf) files of North Atlantic and Black Sea Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)
<p><span>The Harbour porpoise (<em>Phocoena phocoena</em>) is a highly mobile cetacean species primarily occurring in coastal and shelf waters across the Northern hemisphere. It inhabits heterogeneous seascapes broadly varying in salinity and temperature. Here we produced 74 whole genomes at intermediate coverage to study Harbour porpoise's evolutionary history and investigate the role of local adaptation in the diversification into subspecies and populations. We identified ~6 million high-quality SNPs sampled at 8 localities across the North Atlantic </span><span>and adjacent waters</span><span>, which we used for population structure, demographic, and genotype-environment association analyses. Our results suggest a genetic differentiation between three subspecies (<em>P.p. relicta</em>, <em>P.p. phocoena,</em> and the recently proposed <em>P.p meridionalis</em>), and three distinct populations within the subspecies <em>P.p. phocoena</em>: Atlantic, Belt Sea, and Proper Baltic Sea. Effective population size and Tajima's D levels suggest a population contraction in Black Sea and Iberian porpoises, but a population expansion in the <em>P.p. phocoena</em> populations</span><span>. </span><span>Phylogenetic trees</span> <span>indicate a post-glacial colonization from a southern refugium. </span><span>Genotype-environment association analysis identified salinity as a major driver in genomic variation and we identified candidate genes putatively underlying adaptation to different salinity levels. </span><span>Our study highlights the value of whole genome resequencing to unravel subtle population structure in highly mobile species, shows how strong environmental gradients and local adaptation may lead to population differentiation and how neutral and adaptive markers give different perspectives on population subdivision. </span><span>The results have great conservation implications as we found inbreeding and low genetic diversity in the endangered Black Sea subspecies and identified the critically endangered Proper Baltic Sea porpoises as a separate population.</span></p>
Genotype likelihood (beagle file) and genotype (vcf) files of North Atlantic and Black Sea Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)
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Data from: Postglacial climate changes and rise of three ecotypes of harbor porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in western Palearctic waters
Despite no obvious barriers to gene flow in the marine realm, environmental variation and ecological specializations can lead to genetic differentiation in highly mobile predators. Here, we investigated the genetic structure of the harbor porpoise over the entire species distribution range in western Palearctic waters. Combined analyses of ten microsatellite loci and a 5,085 bases-pairs portion of the mitochondrial genome revealed the existence of three ecotypes, equally divergent at the mitochondrial genome, distributed in the Black Sea, the European continental shelf waters, and a previously overlooked ecotype in the upwelling zones of Iberia and Mauritania. Historical demographic inferences using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) suggest that these ecotypes diverged during the Last Glacial Maximum (~23–19 kilo-years ago, kyrBP). ABC supports the hypothesis that the Black Sea and upwelling ecotypes share a more recent common ancestor (~14 kyrBP) than either does with the European continental shelf ecotype (~28 kyrBP), suggesting they likely descended from the extinct populations that once inhabited the Mediterranean during the glacial and post-glacial period. We showed that the two Atlantic ecotypes established a narrow admixture zone in the Bay of Biscay during the last millennium, with highly asymmetric gene flow. This study highlights the impacts that climate change may have on the distribution and speciation process in pelagic predators and shows that allopatric divergence can occur in these highly mobile species and be a source of genetic diversity.
On following pages: 3. Spectacled Porpoise (Phocoena dioptrica); 4. Burmeister's Porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis); 5. Vaquita (Phocoena sinus); 6. Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena); 7. Dall's Porpoise (Phocoenoides dall). in Phocoenidae
On following pages: 3. Spectacled Porpoise (Phocoena dioptrica); 4. Burmeister's Porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis); 5. Vaquita (Phocoena sinus); 6. Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena); 7. Dall's Porpoise (Phocoenoides dall).
Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) reaction to a 3D seismic airgun survey in the North Sea
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Data from: Postglacial climate changes and rise of three ecotypes of harbor porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in western Palearctic waters
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Data from: High quality whole genome sequence of an abundant Holarctic odontocete, the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
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Genetic homogeneity in the face of morphological heterogeneity in the harbor porpoise from the Black Sea and adjacent waters (Phocoena phocoena relicta)
<p>Absence of genetic differentiation is usually taken as an evidence of panmixia, but can also reflect other situations including even nearly complete demographic independence among large-sized populations. Deciphering which situation applies has major practical implications (e.g., in conservation biology). The endangered harbor porpoises in the Black Sea illustrates well this point. While morphological heterogeneity suggested that population differentiation may exist between individuals from the Black and Azov seas, no genetic study provided conclusive evidence or covered the entire subspecies range. Here, we assessed the genetic structure at ten microsatellite loci and a 3,904 base-pairs mitochondrial fragment in 144 porpoises across the subspecies range (i.e., Aegean, Marmara, Black, and Azov seas). Analyses of the genetic structure including <i>F<sub>ST</sub></i>, Bayesian clustering, and multivariate analyses revealed a nearly complete genetic homogeneity. Power analyses rejected the possibility of underpowered analyses (power to detect <i>F<sub>ST</sub></i>≥0.008 at microsatellite loci). Simulations under various demographic models, evaluating the evolution of <i>F<sub>ST</sub></i>, showed that a time-lag effect between demographic and genetic subdivision is also unlikely. With a realistic effective population size of 1000 individuals, the expected "<i>grey zone"</i> would be at most 20 generations under moderate levels of gene flow (≤10 migrants per generation). After excluding alternative hypotheses, panmixia remains the most likely hypothesis explaining the genetic homogeneity in the Black Sea porpoises. Morphological heterogeneity may thus reflect other processes than population subdivision (e.g., plasticity, selection). This study illustrates how combining empirical and theoretical approaches can contribute to understanding patterns of weak population structure in highly mobile marine species.</p>
Fig. 1 in Differences In Skull Size Of Harbour Porpoises, Phocoena Phocoena (Cetacea), In The Sea Of Azov And The Black Sea: Evidence For Different Morphotypes And Populations
Fig. 1. Cranial measurements of the harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena): 1 — dorsal view; 2 — ventrolateral view; 3 — posterior view.
Data from: Range-dependent flexibility in the acoustic field of view of echolocating porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)
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Genetic homogeneity in the face of morphological heterogeneity in the harbor porpoise from the Black Sea and adjacent waters (Phocoena phocoena relicta)
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Echolocation activity of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, show seasonal artificial reef attraction despite elevated noise levels close to oil and gas platforms
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Phocoena spinipinnis 1623
Espécimen de la Colección del Área Zoología Vertebrados del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural - Phocoena spinipinnis 1623 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Range-dependent flexibility in the acoustic field of view of echolocating porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)
<p>Data from: Range-dependent flexibility in the acoustic field of view of echolocating porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). eLife 2015;10.7554/eLife.05651</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>Toothed whales use sonar to detect, locate, and track prey. They adjust emitted sound intensity, auditory sensitivity and click rate to target range, and terminate prey pursuits with high-repetition-rate, low-intensity buzzes. However, their narrow acoustic field of view (FOV) is considered stable throughout target approach, which could facilitate prey escape at close-range. Here we show that, like some bats, harbour porpoises can broaden their biosonar beam during the terminal phase of attack but, unlike bats, maintain the ability to change beamwidth within this phase. Based on video, MRI, and acoustic-tag recordings, we propose this flexibility is modulated by the melon and implemented to accommodate dynamic spatial relationships with prey and acoustic complexity of surroundings. Despite independent evolution and different means of sound generation and transmission, whales and bats adaptively change their FOV, suggesting that beamwidth flexibility has been an important driver in the evolution of echolocation for prey tracking.</p> <p>The data set contains all the audio and video data from the trials with the 48-hydrophone array used in the final analysis.</p>
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