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Figure 18 in The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae)

Figure 18. SEM images of ossicles from paratype of Thyone flindersi O'Loughlin sp. nov. (NMV F174909). Ossicles from peri-oral body wall (top); rods from tentacles (bottom).

Figure 16 in The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae)

Figure 16. SEM images of ossicles from specimen of Massinium watsonae O'Loughlin sp. nov. (TMAG H1988). Tables and rosette from introvert (top); tables and rosettes from peri-oral body wall (bottom).

Figure 9 in The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae)

Figure 9. Photos of preserved specimens of Phyllophorella thyonoides (H. L. Clark, 1938). a, specimen from Western Australia (AM J21716); b, calcareous ring with posterior prolongations from radial plate only (AM J21716); c, specimen from South Australia (SAM K2597); d, calcareous ring with posterior prolongations jointly from radial and inter-radial plates (paratype of Phyllophorus ventripes Joshua and Creed, 1915, SAM K1375).

Figure 3 in The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae)

Figure 3. SEM images of ossicles from holotype of Lipotrapeza litusi O'Loughlin sp. nov. (WAM Z13475). Tube foot endplate (top right), rosettes, endplate support rods, rare perforated plate (bottom right).

Figure 13 in The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae)

Figure 13. Photos of preserved specimens. a, Massinium melanieae O'Loughlin sp. nov. (holotype NMV F174897); b, Massinium vimsi O'Loughlin sp. nov. (holotype, NMV F76629) (insert: form of the calcareous ring plates); c, Massinium watsonae O'Loughlin sp. nov. (holotype, NMV F97435); d, calcareous ring, stone canal (along alimentary canal) and madreporite, and 2 polian vesicles (top left corner) of Massinium watsonae (TMAG H1988); e, colour morph of Massinium watsonae (NMV F174899) (insert: form of the calcareous ring plates); f, exceptional calcareous ring from specimen of Phyllophorella thyonoides (H. L. Clark, 1938) with posterior prolongations joined as in Massinium species (WAM Z31975) (insert: form of the calcareous ring plates).

Figure 2 in The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae)

Figure 2. SEM images of ossicles from specimens of Lipotrapeza eichleri O'Loughlin sp. nov. Top, rods and rosettes from tentacles (holotype NMV F174906); middle, tables from juvenile (NMV F161502, 5 mm long); bottom, endplate and dumbbell-shaped endplate support ossicles from same juvenile (NMV F161502).

Figure 20 in The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae)

Figure 20. SEM images of ossicles from holotype of Thyone kerkosa O'Loughlin sp. nov. (WAM Z31838). Mid-body wall tables small and large tables with attenuated discs and distal spires, and tube foot endplate (bottom left).

Figure 4 in The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae)

Figure 4. Photos of preserved specimens of Lipotrapeza vestiens (Joshua, 1914). a, adult specimen with tentacles withdrawn, close cover of tube feet, paired series of tube feet along interior longitudinal muscle attachment (NMV F73830, 80 mm long); b, calcareous ring with posterior prolongations arising from both radial and inter-radial plates (NMV F73830); c, oral view of tentacle crown with inner and outer rings of 5 paired small and 5 paired large tentacles (NMV F75976); d, lateral view of bare introvert and tentacle crown showing outer paired large and inner paired small tentacles (NMV F73830); e, juvenile with radial paired series of tube feet (NMV F75976); f, juvenile cucumariid-like calcareous ring lacking posterior prolongations (NMV F75976).

Figure 1 in The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae)

Figure 1. Photos of preserved type specimens. a, Lipotrapeza eichleri O'Loughlin sp. nov. (holotype NMV F174906); b, Lipotrapeza eichleri calcareous ring (paratype NMV F161502); c, Lipotrapeza litusi O'Loughlin sp. nov. (holotype WAM Z13475); d, Thyonidiella kungi O'Loughlin sp. nov. (holotype NMV F76637) (insert: form of the calcareous ring plates); e, Phyllophorella notialis O'Loughlin sp. nov. (holotype NMV F132691) (insert: form of the calcareous ring plates); f, Phyllophorella notialis calcareous ring (holotype).

FIGURE 11 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 11. Clarkiella discoveryi Heding, in Heding & Panning, 1954, holotype (ZMUC-HOL 64). (a) specimen in lateral view; (b) top and (c) lateral view of tentacles; (d) anal papillae; (e–f) muscular system and gonads; (g) madreporite and stone canal; (h) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view showing the insertion of the retractor muscle and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view showing the midIR (IR5), RIV and RV. Abbreviations: RM, retractor muscle, CM, circular muscle, LM, longitudinal muscle, GO, gonads, PV, Polian vesicle and M, madreporite, SC, stone canal. Plate identity follows the system established by Ludwig (1889–1892).

FIGURE 7 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 7. Selenkiella siamense Heding & Panning, 1954, holotype (ZMUC-HOL 250). Ossicles from body wall (a–b) table in (a) top and (b) bottom view; (c–d) rosettes from introvert; (e) plates and (f) end plate from tube feet.

FIGURE 8 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 8. Thorsonia sp. nov., holotype (ZMUC 324). (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) retractor muscle (white arrow); (c) tables spikes from tube feet (white arrow); (d) detail from body wall with 4-armed tables; (e) madreporite; (f) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view showing the RMA attachment; (g) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view showing during bleach (h) drawing of the calcareous ring showing radial and interradial plates subdivided (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view showing (IR 5) and (j) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view showing AB. Abbreviations: Middorsal interradial plate (IR5); AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. R, radial plate; IR interradial plate. Plate identity follows the system established by Ludwig (1889–1892).

FIGURE 6 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 6. Selenkiella siamense Heding & Panning, 1954, paratype (ZMUC-HOL 251). μCT volume rendering of calcareous ring (a–c) outer view, (d) oblique view, (e) inner view, (f) transverse cross-section at the top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity follows the system established by Ludwig (1889–1892).

FIGURE 5 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 5. Selenkiella siamense Heding & Panning, 1954, holotype (ZMUC-HOL 250). (a) specimen in lateral view; (b) top view of tentacles; (c) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view. Abbreviations: RM, retractor muscle, CM, circular muscle, LM, longitudinal muscle. Plate identity following Ludwig (1889–1892).

FIGURE 9 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 9. Thorsonia sp. nov., holotype (ZMUC 324). Ossicles from body wall (a–f): (a–b) 4 armed tables; (c, d) fusiform rods; (e, f) tables from anal region; (g, h) tables from tentacles and introvert and tube feet table in lower view (i) and lateral view (j).

FIGURE 12 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 12. Clarkiella discoveryi Heding, in Heding & Panning, 1954, holotype (ZMUC-HOL 64). Ossicles from body wall (a–b) table in (a) top and (b) bottom view; (c–d) plates from tentacle; (e–f) rosettes from introvert.

FIGURE 4 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 4. Phyllophorella robusta (Heding & Panning, 1954) (ZMUC-HOL 249). Ossicles from body wall (a–b) table in (a) top and (b) bottom view; (c) rosettes from introvert; (d–e) rods from tentacles; (f–h) plates and (i) end plate from tube feet.

FIGURE 1 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 1. The dotted lines indicate how the measurements of the different types of ossicles were taken.

FIGURE 2 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 2. Phyllophorella robusta (Heding & Panning, 1954), holotype (ZMUC-HOL 249). (a) specimen in lateral view; (b) muscular system and gonads; (c) Polian vesicle and madreporite and (d) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view. Abbreviations: RM, retractor muscle, CM, circular muscle, LM, longitudinal muscle, GO, gonads, PV, Polian vesicle and M, madreporite.

FIGURE 3 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 3. Phyllophorella robusta (Heding & Panning, 1954), holotype (ZMUC-HOL 249). μCT volume rendering of calcareous ring (a–c) outer view, (d) oblique view, (e) inner view, (f) transverse cross-section at the top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity follows the system established by Ludwig (1889–1892).