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25 results for “Pinnipedia”
Data from: Early evolution of sexual dimorphism and polygyny in Pinnipedia
Sexual selection is one of the earliest areas of interest in evolutionary biology. And yet, the evolutionary history of sexually dimorphic traits remains poorly characterized for most vertebrate lineages. Here, we report on evidence for the early evolution of dimorphism within a model mammal group, the pinnipeds. Pinnipeds show a range of sexual dimorphism and mating systems that span the extremes of modern mammals, from monomorphic taxa with isolated and dispersed mating to extreme size dimorphism with highly ordered polygynous harem systems. In addition, the degree of dimorphism in pinnipeds is closely tied to mating system, with strongly dimorphic taxa always exhibiting a polygynous system, and more monomorphic taxa possessing weakly polygynous systems. We perform a comparative morphological description, and provide evidence of extreme sexual dimorphism (similar to sea lions), in the Miocene-aged basal pinniped taxon Enaliarctos emlongi. Using a geometric morphometric approach and combining both modern and fossil taxa we show a close correlation between mating system and sex-related cranial dimorphism, and also reconstruct the ancestral mating system of extant pinnipeds as highly polygynous. The results suggest that sexual dimorphism and extreme polygyny in pinnipeds arose by 27 Ma, in association with changing climatic conditions.
FIGURE 4 in Interpretation of anatomical characters in phylogenetic analysis of Pinnipedia, with emphasis on Otariidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)
FIGURE 4: Articulation of the squamosal portion of the temporal of the "mortised" type (arrow) in Otaria byronia (MCN 2629).
FIGURE 7 in Interpretation of anatomical characters in phylogenetic analysis of Pinnipedia, with emphasis on Otariidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)
FIGURE 7: Canal of the cochlear aqueduct (white arrow) separate from the round window (black arrow) in Otaria byronia (MCN 2459; scale, 5 cm).
Data from: Early evolution of sexual dimorphism and polygyny in Pinnipedia
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Selective Pressure Analysis - Pinnipedia
<p>Vespasian_raw_outputs:</p> <p>The file "Vespasian_results.0.8-combined" is the outputted file from the Vespasian analysis after it was parsed with a filter script. This contains all the raw outputs from he selective pressure analysis with BEB scores filtered for >0.8. The unique selected sites are the scores for all the sites uniquely selected to a lineage. And then individually broken down into each lineage. </p> <p> </p> <p>Gene_analysis:</p> <p>This directory contains all the analyses I did to attempt to uncover orthologous groups related to different different associated lactation traits. This is quite a messy directory so let me know if there is anything specific you would like to know here.</p> <p>I have then included some analysis directories I had, looking at each lineage individually. Such as how I performed the enrichment analysis and their related scripts. Again a slightly messy directory so happy to answer any questions on this.</p> <p>REGs:</p> <p>This is the analysis for the rapidly evolving site analysis I did for the Caspian and Hooded seal. </p> <p>Alignments:</p> <p>This is a dump of all the alignments I used for the analysis. All_alignments is my raw MSAs before I did any additional filtering for the selection analysis such as pruning for single orthologs. Selected MSAs are the pruned orthologs for all the MSAs I put into Vespasian for each lineage. All_vespasian_MSAs are all the 7000+ MSAs I used in the section analysis.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
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