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60 results for “Pinnipeds”
Fig. 5 in Arthropod parasites of Antarctic and Subantarctic birds and pinnipeds: A review of host-parasite associations
Fig. 5. Network representation and mean and standard deviation of degrees and betweenness centrality of the host-parasite associations by host families (A) and parasite families (B), excluding stragglers and contaminants. Degrees (number of connections of a given node) may be interpreted as a measure of the host breadth of a given parasite species or the parasite diversity of a given host species; node size is drawn proportional to the number of degrees. Betweenness centrality (proportion of shortest paths between nodes that pass through a given node) may be interpreted as a measure of the potential influence a species has over the spread of vectorborne pathogens through the network.
Fig. 3 in Arthropod parasites of Antarctic and Subantarctic birds and pinnipeds: A review of host-parasite associations
Fig. 3. Genera of sucking lice (Echinophthiriidae – 1) and chewing lice (Menoponidae – 2, Philopteridae – 3) recorded infesting Antarctic birds and mammals.
Fig. 2 in Arthropod parasites of Antarctic and Subantarctic birds and pinnipeds: A review of host-parasite associations
Fig. 2. Host-parasite associations at the family level between Antarctic birds and mammals and arthropods, excluding stragglers and contaminants. Phylogenetic trees are not drawn to scale (adapted from Dabert and Mironov, 1999; Whiting, 2002; Dowling and O'Connor, 2010; Zhang, 2011; Prum et al., 2015).
Fig. 1 in Arthropod parasites of Antarctic and Subantarctic birds and pinnipeds: A review of host-parasite associations
Fig. 1. Sub-areas of the Antarctic region. Legend: AAP = Antarctic Peninsula (including South Shetland Islands and Palmer Archipelago), AWS = Antarctica Weddell Sea sector, AAT = Antarctica Atlantic Ocean sector (including Bouvet Island), AIW = Antarctica Indian Ocean West sector, AIE = Antarctica Indian Ocean East sector, ARS = Antarctica Ross Sea sector (including Scott and Balleny Islands), APW = Antarctica Pacific Ocean West sector, APE = Antarctica Pacific Ocean East sector (including Peter I Island), SOI = South Orkney Island, SGI = South Georgia Island, SSI = South Sandwich Islands, PEI = Prince Edward Islands, CRI = Crozet Islands, KEI = Kerguelen Islands, HMI = Heard and McDonald Islands. The Antarctic Polar Front was drawn from Moore et al. (1999).
Fig. 2 in Nasopulmonary mites (Halarachnidae) of coastal Californian pinnipeds: Identity, prevalence, and molecular characterization
Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of marine mammal stranding sites included in the nasopulmonary mite prevalence dataset. The scale is fixed to allow comparison across hosts. Comparison southern sea otter map produced from dataset in Pesapane et al. (2018).
Fig. 1 in Nasopulmonary mites (Halarachnidae) of coastal Californian pinnipeds: Identity, prevalence, and molecular characterization
Fig. 1. Scanning electron micrographs of nasopulmonary mites (Halarachnidae) from marine mammals in California showing the different shapes of opisthosoma (posterior end of the body) and defining dorsal shield (Sh) characteristics, indicated by an arrow. (A) Adult Orthohalarachne attenuata from a northern fur seal, (B) adult O. attenuata from a California sea lion, (C) adult Halarachne miroungae from a northern elephant seal, (D) adult H. halichoeri from a harbor seal, and (E) adult H. halichoeri from a southern sea otter from Pesapane et al. (2018) for comparison.
Fig. 6 in Expanding the geographic and geochronologic range of early pinnipeds: New specimens of Enaliarctos from Northern California and Oregon
Fig. 6. Mandibles and vertebrae of pinniped mammal Enaliarctos sp. (UWBM 89114) from Moolack Beach, Lincoln County, Oregon, Astoria Formation, late early Miocene. Two sides of the block (A, B). Photographs (A1, B1), explanatory drawings (A2, B2). Abbreviations: CV, cervical vertebra; TV, thoracic vertebra.
Fig. 1 in Expanding the geographic and geochronologic range of early pinnipeds: New specimens of Enaliarctos from Northern California and Oregon
Fig. 1. Locality map for fossils of enaliarctines. Map of Oregon and California (A), the coastline near Newport, Oregon (B), the coastline near Point Arena, California (C).
Fig. 3 in Expanding the geographic and geochronologic range of early pinnipeds: New specimens of Enaliarctos from Northern California and Oregon
Fig. 3. Mandible of pinniped mammal Enaliarctos mealsi (UCMP 114474) from Schooner Gulch, Mendocino County, California, earliest Miocene; in lingual (A), occlusal (B), and labial (C) views.
Fig. 5 in Expanding the geographic and geochronologic range of early pinnipeds: New specimens of Enaliarctos from Northern California and Oregon
Fig. 5. Elements of pinniped mammal Enaliarctos sp., cf. E. tedfordi Berta, 1991 (UCMP 253400) from Ona Beach, Lincoln County, Oregon, Yaquina Formation, early late Oligocene; overview of original block (A), lingual (B), occlusal (C), and labial (D) views; matrix preserving impression of lingual side of p4 and m1 (E).
Fig. 8 in Expanding the geographic and geochronologic range of early pinnipeds: New specimens of Enaliarctos from Northern California and Oregon
Fig. 8. Time calibrated composite phylogenetic hypothesis of early pinnipedimorphs and putative allies, with an emphasis on Oligo-Miocene pinnipedimorphs from the eastern North Pacific. Topology based on Boessenecker and Churchill (2015), except as follows: Enaliarctos from Berta (1991); Phocoidea after Boessenecker and Churchill (in press). Placement of Pacificotaria from Deméré and Berta (2001), conjectural placement (dashed lines) of Puijila and Kolponomos after Tedford et al. (1994) and Rybczynski et al. (2009), Enaliarctos sp. (UWBM 89114) based on shared dental synapomorphies with E. emlongi and E. mitchelli. Geochronologic ranges from Table 3 (this study), Boessenecker and Churchill (2015: supplementary information, in press: supplementary information), and Rybczynski et al. (2009).
Fig. 4 in Expanding the geographic and geochronologic range of early pinnipeds: New specimens of Enaliarctos from Northern California and Oregon
Fig. 4. Metacarpal of pinniped mammal Enaliarctos mealsi Mitchell and Tedford, 1973 (UCMP 276804) from Schooner Gulch, Mendocino County, California, earliest Miocene; in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral/palmar C) views.
Fig. 2 in Expanding the geographic and geochronologic range of early pinnipeds: New specimens of Enaliarctos from Northern California and Oregon
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic columns of Oregon (A) and California (B) localities. Columns based on Snavely et al. (1964) and Phillips et al. (1976); paleomagnetic and K/Ar dates from Prothero et al. (2001a, b) and Phillips et al. (1976). In the interest of clarity non-enaliarctine marine carnivores are omitted. Modified from Moore (1963) and Phillips et al. (1976). Abbreviations: FAD, first appearance datum; LAD, last appearance datum; t, type locality/horizon.
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic relationship among the S in Fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in three captive and one free-ranging pinniped
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic relationship among the S. canis-like variants from two Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) and two California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), a Pacific harbor seal (MT460246) compared against S. canis sequences from two black bears (OR336049, MW136927), a polar bear (DQ176645) and various other Sarcocystis spp. at the complete ITS1 locus. Evolutionary distances were computed using the Tamura-Nei genetic distance model. A Neighbor-Joining midpoint rooted bootstrap consensus tree was inferred from 1000 MUSCLE alignment iterations. Bootstrap percentage values are indicated at the branch points.
Fig. 2 in Fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in three captive and one free-ranging pinniped
Fig. 2. TEM of a schizont with protozoa similar to S. canis in the hepatocyte of a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) "CSL 1". Merozoites contained micronemes (Mn), a conoid (Co), and a prominent nucleus (Nu), but no rhoptries. Bar = 500 nm.
Fig. 1 in Fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in three captive and one free-ranging pinniped
Fig. 1. Histologic liver sections of a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) "CSL 2" with numerous coalescing foci of acute necrosis. A. Lower magnification of acute necrosis with Sarcocystis schizonts (black arrow). B. Higher magnification of mature protozoal schizonts with a rosette of merozoites (red arrow) and a schizont with greater than 30 free merozoites (black arrow) within a foci of hepatic necrosis.
Fig. 3 in Fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in three captive and one free-ranging pinniped
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationship of the S. canis-like variant isolate CSL-2 that infects pinnipeds from a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) compared against S. canis from a black bear isolate 11–3173 (OR654898) and various other Sarcocystis spp. Within a 994 nucleotide fragment of the 18S rRNA locus. Evolutionary distances were computed using the Tamura-Nei genetic distance model. A Neighbor-Joining bootstrap consensus tree was inferred from 1000 MUSCLE alignment iterations. Bootstrap percentage values are indicated at the branch points. Toxoplasma gondii was used as an outgroup.
Data from: Genomic signatures of population bottleneck and recovery in Northwest Atlantic pinnipeds
Population increases over the past several decades provide natural settings in which to study the evolutionary processes that occur during bottleneck, growth, and spatial expansion. We used parallel natural experiments of historical decline and subsequent recovery in two sympatric pinniped species in the Northwest Atlantic, the gray seal (Halichoerus grypus atlantica) and harbor seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina), to study the impact of recent demographic change in genomic diversity. Using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, we assessed genomic diversity at over 8,700 polymorphic gray seal loci and 3,700 polymorphic harbor seal loci in samples from multiple cohorts collected throughout recovery over the past half‐century. Despite significant differences in the degree of genetic diversity assessed in the two species, we found signatures of historical bottlenecks in the contemporary genomes of both gray and harbor seals. We evaluated temporal trends in diversity across cohorts, as well as compared samples from sites at both the center and edge of a recent gray seal range expansion, but found no significant change in genomewide diversity following recovery. We did, however, find that the variance and degree of allele frequency change measured over the past several decades were significantly different from neutral expectations of drift under population growth. These two cases of well‐described demographic history provide opportunities for critical evaluation of current approaches to simulating and understanding the genetic effects of historical demographic change in natural populations.
Dataset of Carriage of antibiotic resistant bacteria in endangered and declining Australian pinniped pups
<p>Dataset of samples collected from Australian sea lion, Australian fur seal and long-nosed fur seal pups across eight breeding colonies in Australia from 2016-2019. Includes year of sample collection, animal ID and breeding colony where collection took place. </p> <p>The dataset includes whether integrons were detected in <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates or in DNA extracted form faecal samples. The gene cassette array for each positive sample has been included. </p> <p>The concentrations of trace elements and heavy metals in blood samples were limited to Australian fur seal pup sampled at Seal Rocks in 2018. The concentrations of Zn, As, Se, Hg, and Pb in whole blood of <em>A. p. doriferus</em> pups sampled at Seal Rocks in 2018 (<em>n</em>=52) were provided by another study (Cobb-Clarke and Gray, personal communication). The data was derived from samples analysed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS; Agilent Technologies 7500 ce inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, Santa Clara, CA).</p>
Research methods and Comparative examination of pinniped craniofacial musculature and its role in aquatic feeding
<p>Secondarily aquatic tetrapods have many unique morphological adaptations for life underwater compared to their terrestrial counterparts. A key innovation during the land-to-water transition was feeding. Pinnipeds, a clade of air-breathing marine carnivorans that includes seals, sea lions, and walruses, have evolved multiple strategies for aquatic feeding (e.g., biting, suction feeding). Numerous studies have examined pinniped skull and dental specializations for underwater feeding. However, data on the pinniped craniofacial musculoskeletal system and its role in aquatic feeding are rare. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to conduct a comparative analysis of pinniped craniofacial musculature and examine the function of the craniofacial musculature in facilitating different aquatic feeding strategies. We performed anatomical dissections of 35 specimens across six pinniped species. We describe 32 pinniped craniofacial muscles—including facial expression, mastication, tongue, hyoid, and soft palate muscles. Pinnipeds broadly conform to mammalian patterns of craniofacial muscle morphology. Pinnipeds also exhibit unique musculoskeletal morphologies—in muscle position, attachments, and size—that likely represent adaptations for different aquatic feeding strategies. Suction feeding specialists (bearded and northern elephant seals) have a significantly larger masseter than biters. Further, northern elephant seals have large and unique tongue and hyoid muscle morphologies compared with other pinniped species. These morphological changes likely help generate and withstand suction pressures necessary for drawing water and prey into the mouth. In contrast, biting taxa (California sea lions, harbor, ringed, and Weddell seals) do not exhibit consistent craniofacial musculoskeletal adaptations that differentiate them from suction feeders. Generally, we discover that all pinnipeds have well-developed and robust craniofacial musculature. Pinniped head musculature plays an important role in facilitating different aquatic feeding strategies. Together with behavioral and kinematic studies, our data suggest that pinnipeds' robust facial morphology allows animals to switch feeding strategies depending on the environmental context—a critical skill in a heterogeneous and rapidly changing underwater habitat.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.