Find research datasets worth reusing

FIG. 4 in Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Rare, Rock-Crevice Dwelling Salamander Plethodon petraeus with a Review for Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)

FIG. 4. Time elapsed before the first occurrence of some courtship behaviors in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Number within brackets is the number of courtships with the behavior. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th).

FIG. 5 in Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Rare, Rock-Crevice Dwelling Salamander Plethodon petraeus with a Review for Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)

FIG. 5. Frequency of some female behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). **, *Probability values from Mann-Whitney rank sum tests demonstrate a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the frequency of both turn back and chin over.

FIG. 2 in Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Rare, Rock-Crevice Dwelling Salamander Plethodon petraeus with a Review for Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)

FIG. 2. Duration of some behaviors and periods during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. See text for description of behaviors. Close ¼ salamanders within about 2.5 cm of each other but not in sustained contact via the mental gland (e.g., includes periods with male foot dance/shuffle, tail undulation, nudging, and snout under). MG Sliding ¼ mental-gland sliding on the skin of the female. ffTSWd ¼ discontinuous, female-first TSW. ffTSWc ¼ continuous, female-first TSW. Position for TSW ¼ attempted male solicitation of TSW. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *, **Probability values from Mann-Whitney rank sum tests demonstrate a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the duration of both close and ffTSWd.

FIG. 7 in Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Rare, Rock-Crevice Dwelling Salamander Plethodon petraeus with a Review for Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)

FIG. 7. Phylogenetic relationships for species of eastern Plethodon and AneideS presented with selected courtship behaviors. MG Tap/Swipe Snout ¼ male mental-gland (MG) tap or swipe on the nasolabial region of the female's snout prior to the tail-straddling walk (TSW). See text for description of behaviors. Unshaded circle ¼ behavior not reported; dark shaded circle ¼ behavior reported; light shaded circle ¼ rare or infrequent occurrence of behavior reported;? ¼ behavior during TSW has not been observed; S ¼ similar behavior reported; C ¼ circular TSW in AneideS includes similar behavior. Phylogenetic relationship between AneideS and eastern Plethodon inferred from mitochondrial data (Mahoney, 2001). Phylogenetic relationships among eastern species of Plethodon inferred from both nuclear and mitochondrial data (Kozak et al., 2006; Fisher-Reid and Wiens, 2011). Data for behavior occurrence obtained from Sapp and Kiemnec-Tyburczy (2011) and the sources listed in Table 1.

FIG. 6 in Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Rare, Rock-Crevice Dwelling Salamander Plethodon petraeus with a Review for Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)

FIG. 6. Total duration (min) of some behaviors and periods during complete courtships in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from ten individually unique pairs that engaged in complete courtship with tail-straddling walk (TSW) and spermatophore deposition. For Pair 3 courtship, there were two spermatophore depositions, but this figure only includes data from the first spermatophore deposition. A ¼ Courtship duration from initial close encounter between salamanders until the retrieval or attempted retrieval of the first spermatophore cap. B ¼ Total of all periods when salamanders were more than about 2.5 cm apart after their initial encounter. D ¼ Total duration for female-first TSW, which includes both discontinuous and continuous forms of the duet behavior. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients: r ¼ 0.882, P, 0.001 for B and D; r ¼ 0.952, P, 0.0001 for B and F; r ¼ 0.964, P, 0.00001 for C and E; r ¼ 0.961, P, 0.00001 for D and F. See Table 2 for additional data on the duration of other behaviors and periods.

FIG. 1 in Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Rare, Rock-Crevice Dwelling Salamander Plethodon petraeus with a Review for Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)

FIG. 1. Ethogram for many of the transitions between behaviors during courtship and mating in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. Line with arrowhead at both ends indicates transition in either direction. A solid line indicates the transition occurred in $65% of courtships, whereas a dotted line indicates the transition occurred in,65% of courtships (with n ¼ 20 and 10 courtships prior to and after female tail straddle, respectively). NT ¼ nose-tap. TA ¼ turn around. Dance/ Shuffle ¼ foot dance and foot shuffle. See text for description of behaviors. *Incidental contact to the male during female movements of her feet, tail, or body often elicited position for TSW well before the occurrence of snout under or chin over. In each complete courtship, female turn back and chin over preceded the first successful position for TSW. Ethogram does not include a few male behaviors (stationary, head contact, tale arch, and tail straddle) and very infrequent female behaviors (nose-tap, move toward, head contact, and nudge).

Table 1 in Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Rare, Rock-Crevice Dwelling Salamander Plethodon petraeus with a Review for Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)

Table 1. Courtship behaviors of eastern North American woodland salamander species (eastern Plethodon). Species groups: PCG ¼ P. cinereuS group, PWG ¼ P. welleri group, and PGG ¼ P. glutinoSuS group. Species: ci ¼ P. cinereuS, ri ¼ P. richmondi, we ¼ P. welleri, an ¼ P. anguSticlaViuS, do ¼ P. dorSaliS, yo ¼ P. yonahloSSee, ke ¼ P. kentucki, pe ¼ P. petraeuS, ou ¼ P. ouachitae, ca ¼ P. caddoenSiS, Sh ¼ P. Shermani, cy ¼ P. cylindraceuS, and mo ¼ P. montanuS. MG ¼ mental gland, TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk, F ¼ female only behavior, M ¼ male only behavior, FM ¼ each sex exhibits behavior, and D ¼ duet behavior with both female and male actions. *Rare or infrequent occurrence of behavior. d Behavior may differ from similar behavior in other species.? ¼ occurrence of behavior is uncertain due to absent or limited observations. Blank cell (–) ¼ behavior not reported. See text and Appendix 1 for the description of each behavior.<table><tbody><tr><th>Groups</th><th>Groups and species of eastern Plethodon</th><th></th></tr><tr><th>Behaviors</th><th>PCG</th><th>PWG</th><th>PGG</th></tr><tr><th>ci</th><th>ri</th><th>we</th><th>an do</th><th>yo</th><th>ke</th><th>pe</th><th>ou</th><th>ca</th><th>Sh</th><th>cy</th><th>mo</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1. Nose-tap, 2. Stationary, 3. Move away</th><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>FM FM</td><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>FM</td></tr><tr><th>4. Move toward, 5. Head contact, 6. Nudging</th><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>F*M</td><td>FM F*M</td><td>F*M</td><td>FM</td><td>F*M</td><td>F*M</td><td>F*M</td><td>F*M</td><td>F*M</td><td>F*M</td></tr><tr><th>7. Bite</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>F*M</td><td>F*M</td><td>M</td><td>–</td><td>M</td><td>–</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><th>8. Foot dance</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>M*</td><td>M</td><td>M d</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>F*M</td><td>M</td><td>F*M</td></tr><tr><th>9. Foot shuffle</th><td>F</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>M M</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>M*</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>10. Tail wagging</th><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>M</td><td>FM FM</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>11. Rubbing/sliding, 12. Head rubbing</th><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>–</td><td>FM M</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>13. Head swinging</th><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>14. Joint head swinging</th><td>–</td><td>D*</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>15. High amplitude head swinging</th><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>16. Cloacal nudging</th><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>–</td><td>FM –</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>17. Cloacal rubbing</th><td>F</td><td>?</td><td>–</td><td>? –</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>18. MG sliding (head sliding)</th><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><th>19. MG popping</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>M*</td><td>M</td><td>M*</td><td>–</td><td>M*</td><td>M*</td><td>M*</td></tr><tr><th>20. MG tap or swipe on snout before 42</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>– M</td><td>–</td><td>M</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>M*</td><td>M*</td><td>M*</td></tr><tr><th>21. MG tap or swipe not on snout</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>M*</td><td>M*</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>22. Tail (or body*) flex in response to 18</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>F</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>23. Tail arch, 24. Undulate tail</th><td>FM</td><td>FM</td><td>M</td><td>FM M</td><td>M</td><td>F*M</td><td>FM</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>F*M</td><td>M</td><td>F*M</td></tr><tr><th>25. High amplitude tail undulations</th><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>–</td><td>? –</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>F</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>26. Snapping</th><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>27. Pulling</th><td>M</td><td>FM?</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>28. Mouth grasping</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>M</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>M</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>29. Snout high</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>F*</td><td>F</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>30. Chin-to-chin</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>D</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>D*</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>31. Tail straddle for 32 or 33</th><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>–</td><td>M M*</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>M</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>32. Discontinuous, female-first TSW</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>D d*</td><td>D</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>33. Continuous, female-first TSW</th><td>D</td><td>D</td><td>–</td><td>D D*</td><td>–</td><td>D d*</td><td>D</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>34. Turn back during 18, 32, or 33</th><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>–</td><td>F –</td><td>–</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>F*</td><td>–</td><td>F*</td></tr><tr><th>35. Circling</th><td>D</td><td>D</td><td>–</td><td>D –</td><td>–</td><td>D d*</td><td>D d</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>36. Snout under (lifting, crossing under)</th><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><th>37. Raise chin in response to 36 or before 38</th><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td></tr><tr><th>38. Chin over</th><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>–</td><td>F F</td><td>F*</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F*</td><td>?</td><td>F*</td><td>F*</td><td>F*</td></tr><tr><th>39. Position for TSW</th><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><th>40. Turn around after 39 or 53</th><td>M</td><td>?</td><td>M</td><td>M M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><th>41. Tail straddle to initiate 42</th><td>F</td><td>?</td><td>F</td><td>F F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>?</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td></tr><tr><th>42. Tail-straddling walk</th><td>D</td><td>?</td><td>D</td><td>D D</td><td>D</td><td>D</td><td>D</td><td>D</td><td>?</td><td>D</td><td>D</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>43. Turn back during 42</th><td>M*</td><td>?</td><td>–</td><td>M * –</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>?</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><th>44. Raise head to receive 45</th><td>–</td><td>?</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>F</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>?</td><td>F</td><td>–</td><td>F</td></tr><tr><th>45. MG slapping on snout during 42</th><td>–</td><td>?</td><td>–</td><td>M* –</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>?</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><th>46. Vent sliding at end of 42</th><td>–</td><td>?</td><td>–</td><td>– –</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>?</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><th>47. Spermatophore deposition</th><td>M</td><td>?</td><td>M</td><td>M M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>?</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><th>48. Lateral head movements during 47</th><td>–</td><td>?</td><td>F*</td><td>– –</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>?</td><td>F*</td><td>–</td><td>F*</td></tr><tr><th>49. Lead female over spermatophore</th><td>D</td><td>?</td><td>D</td><td>D D</td><td>D</td><td>D</td><td>D</td><td>D</td><td>?</td><td>D</td><td>D</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>50. Pass by spermatophore</th><td>F</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>F F*</td><td>F*</td><td>F</td><td>?</td><td>F*</td><td>?</td><td>F*</td><td>F*</td><td>F*</td></tr><tr><th>51. Stop & lower vent, 52. Position on cap</th><td>F</td><td>?</td><td>F</td><td>F F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>?</td><td>F</td><td>F</td><td>F</td></tr><tr><th>53. Stationary with tail flexed</th><td>M</td><td>?</td><td>M</td><td>M M</td><td>M d</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>?</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><th>54. Eat spermatophore cap and/or base</th><td>–</td><td>?</td><td>–</td><td>– M</td><td>–</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>M</td><td>?</td><td>M</td><td>–</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><th>Species reference number for source(s)</th><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4 5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>12</td><td>13</td></tr></tbody></table>Sources: 13 Organ, 1958; 12 Organ, 1960a; 3 Organ, 1960b; 13 MacMahon, 1964; 1,2,3,6,9,10,12,13 Arnold, 1972; 11,13 Arnold, 1976; 1 Gergits and Jaeger, 1990; 7 Marvin and Hutchison, 1996; 11 Houck and Arnold, 2003; 5 Picard, 2005; 1,2,4 Dyal, 2006; 11 Eddy et al., 2012; 6 Pierson et al., 2017; 7,8 current study

FIG. 3 in Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Rare, Rock-Crevice Dwelling Salamander Plethodon petraeus with a Review for Eastern North American Woodland Salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)

FIG. 3. Frequency of some male behaviors during the preliminary (pre-TSW) phase of courtship in the salamander Plethodon petraeuS. Data are from 20 individually unique pairs that engaged in ten incomplete courtships, which did not proceed to a tail-straddling walk (TSW), and ten complete courtships with TSW and spermatophore deposition. MG ¼ mental gland. See text for description of behaviors. Box plots show minimum, maximum, median (solid horizontal line), mean (dotted horizontal line), and percentiles (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th). *Probability value from Mann-Whitney rank sum test demonstrates a significant difference between complete and incomplete courtships for the frequency of snout under.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Data from: Genetic Variation in Plethodon cinereus and Plethodon hubrichti from in and Around a Contact Zone

Climate change poses several challenges to biological communities including changes in the frequency of encounters between closely related congeners as a result of range shifts. When climate change leads to increased hybridization, hybrid dysfunction or genetic swamping may increase extinction risk—particularly in range-restricted species with low vagility. The Peaks of Otter Salamander, Plethodon hubrichti, is a fully terrestrial woodland salamander that is restricted to ~ 18 km of ridgeline in the mountains of southwestern Virginia, and its range is surrounded by the abundant and widespread Eastern Red-backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus. In order to determine whether these two species are hybridizing and how their range limits may be shifting, we assessed variation at eight microsatellite loci and a 1008 bp region of Cytochrome B in both species at allopatric reference sites and within a contact zone. Our results show that hybridization between P. hubrichti and P. cinereus either does not occur or is very rare. However, we find that diversity and differentiation are substantially higher in the mountaintop endemic P. hubrichti than in the widespread P. cinereus, despite similar movement ability for the two species as assessed by a homing experiment. Furthermore, estimation of divergence times between reference and contact zone populations via approximate Bayesian computation is consistent with the idea that P. cinereus has expanded into the range of P. hubrichti. Given the apparent recent colonization of the contact zone by P. cinereus, future monitoring of P. cinereus range limits should be a priority for the management of P. hubrichti populations.

FIG. 7 in Differential Survival and the Effects of Predation on a Color Polymorphic Species, the Red-Backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus)

FIG. 7. Kaplan-Meier survival plots of (a) avian attacks and (b) mammalian attacks on striped and unstriped clay models (n = 40 each) that were checked weekly over 3 wk. (a) Unstriped models of P. cinereus were significantly more likely to not be attacked by birds (solid line, n = 38) than striped models (dashed line, n = 31) (Z = 5.04, P = 0.0248). (b) There was no difference in models' ''survival'' from mammalian attacks based on color (striped: n = 31; unstriped: n = 30; Z = 0.07, P = 0.787).

FIG. 6 in Differential Survival and the Effects of Predation on a Color Polymorphic Species, the Red-Backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus)

FIG. 6. The cumulative model weights for encounter probability (p) in Spring 2013, 2014, 2015 showed equivocal support for both age and color morph (a X c) affecting encounter probability in the spring seasons; the null model (.) had similar weights. In Fall 2013 and 2014, the model including both age and color morph (a X c) was more heavily weighted than the other models in each year.

FIG. 4 in Differential Survival and the Effects of Predation on a Color Polymorphic Species, the Red-Backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus)

FIG. 4. Color morph frequencies varied based on age but not adult sex. Juveniles of P. cinereus (SVL <28 mm) had a significantly higher frequency (mean ± SE) of striped individuals than adults (SVL> 35 mm; X2 = 3.177, P = 0.049, n = 356). Adult males and females of Plethodon cinereus (SVL> 1 35 mm) did not differ in frequencies of striped and unstriped color morphs (X2 = 0.90, P = 0.210, n = 286).

FIG. 3 in Differential Survival and the Effects of Predation on a Color Polymorphic Species, the Red-Backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus)

FIG. 3. Examples of clay model replicates of adult striped (top) and unstriped (bottom) Plethodon cinereus.

FIG. 2 in Differential Survival and the Effects of Predation on a Color Polymorphic Species, the Red-Backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus)

FIG. 2. Map of the location of the study site (Nanticoke River Wildlife Management Area, Wicomico County, Maryland, USA) in Eastern North America.

FIG. 1 in Differential Survival and the Effects of Predation on a Color Polymorphic Species, the Red-Backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus)

FIG. 1. Examples of striped (left) and unstriped (right) Plethodon cinereus. The striped individual pictured here has a previously autotomized tail, which, while originally striped (see Moore and Ouellet, 2014; Fig. 1), grew back without a red stripe (Petranka, 1998).

FIG. 5 in Differential Survival and the Effects of Predation on a Color Polymorphic Species, the Red-Backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus)

FIG. 5. The cumulative model weights for survival (ψ) in Spring 2013, 2014, 2015 showed that both age and color morph (a X c) affected survival probability in the spring seasons. In Fall 2013 and 2014, the null model (.) was more heavily weighted than models including age or color.

publicDec 2014View details →

Data from: Historical species distribution models predict species limits in western Plethodon salamanders

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicJul 2021View details →

Data from: Genetic Variation in Plethodon cinereus and Plethodon hubrichti from in and Around a Contact Zone

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicJan 2020View details →

Regional replication of landscape genetics analyses of the Mississippi slimy salamander, Plethodon mississippi

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.