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FIGURE 8 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 8. Optimal maximum likelihood tree based on molecular data (COI). Bootstrap support values (> 50%) shown on the nodes.

FIGURE 5 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Polyxenus lagurus (Linnaeus, 1758), stadium VI (immature), Krasnodar Province, Russia, A. Dorsal view; B. Distal section of left antennal showing pattern of sensilla on article VI and VII; C. Left side of head showing ommatidia and trichobothria; D. Collum; E. Portion of 4th tergite showing pattern of trichome insertions. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B. = 20 µm; C, D and E = 100 µm.

FIGURE 1 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 1. Map to show localities of all specimens identified in this study. Map created using SimpleMappr, http://www.simplemappr.net, (Shorthouse 2010). Legend: Stars = Propolyxenus argentifer (Verhoeff, 1921) comb. n.; purple star = Verhoeff types; red star = identified in this study; orange = formerly identified as P. trivittatus (Verhoeff, 1921); green inverted triangle = Polyxenus lagurus (Linnaeus, 1758); green circle = Polyxenus lankaranensis sp. n.; white circle = Polyxenus sp.; yellow star = Propolyxenus aegeus Silvestri, 1948.

FIGURE 4 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Propolyxenus argentifer (Verhoeff, 1921) comb. n. adult female: A. Dorsal view of head; B. Trichomes on tergite 2. C. labrum; D. Scale-like trichomes on tergites 8, 9 and 10; E. Portion of 8th leg showing setae: biarticular setae on prefemur (a) and femur (b) small setiform seta on tibia (c), spine on tarsus 2 (d); F. Hooked caudal trichome; G. Distal section of right antenna showing sensilla on articles 6, 7 and 8: thick basiconic sensilla (T), thin basiconic sensilla (t), conical sensilla (c), setiform sensilla (s); H. Lateral palp of gnathochilarium; I. Telotarsus showing claw (c) with posterior process (p), anterior spinous process (s). and lamella (l); J. telson showing pattern of insertions of ornamental trichomes. Scale bars: A, D, J = 200 µm; B, C, E = 50 µm; E, F, G, H = 20 µm; I = 10 µm.

FIGURE 7 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 7. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images of Polyxenus lakaranensis sp. n., adult female: A. Dorsal view; B. Labrum; C. Setae on coxa of leg 2; D. Ventral view showing pair of vulvae (see arrow) associated with 2nd pair of legs; E. Distal section of right antenna showing articles 6, 7 and 8; F. Telotarsus showing claw (c) with posterior process (p), anterior spinous process (s) and lamella (l). Scale bars: A, B, D = 200 μm, E = 20 μm, C, F = 5 μm.

FIGURE 6 in The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae

FIGURE 6. Polyxenus lankaranensis sp. n. Holotype, adult female; A. Sensilla of left 7th antennal article; B. Sensilla of left 6th antennal article; C. Head; D. Collum; Tergites showing pattern of trichome insertions: E. Tergite 2; F. Tergite 4; G. Tergite 10. I. Comparison of medial anterior trichomes, Left: P. lankaranensis, Right: P. lagurus, adult female, Croatia. J. 9th leg showing pattern of setae and tarsal spine; K. Same species, paratype adult female, pattern of dorso-medial trichomes anterior to caudal bundle. Polyxenus sp., adult male; H. Sensilla of left 6th antennal article. Scale bars: A, B, H, K = 10 µm, C, D, E, F, G = 100 µm, I, J = 50 µm.

FIGURE 6. A in Taxonomy and biology of a new species of Pincushion Millipede of the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) from Australia

FIGURE 6. A. Dorsal ornamental trichomes: trichome a: a1 to a14; trichome b, trichome c and the circular indentation d. B, C and F: Caudal bundle of male of Monographis queenslandicus sp. n., (B. Lateral view, C. Dorsal view, F. Caudal bundle without caudal trichomes showed structures.) D, E and G: Caudal bundle of female (D. Lateral view, E. Dorsal view, G. Caudal bundle without caudal trichomes showed different structure from male); Bt: Barbate trichomes, Oth: Ornamental trichome sockets, Cbt: Caudal bundle trichomes, Cbth: Caudal bundle trichome sockets, Nt: Nest trichomes and Nth: Nest trichome sockets. H. Tergal trichome, I. Pleural trichome, J. Nest trichome, K. Caudal trichome, L. trichome b, M. trichome c, N. Barbate trichome.

FIGURE 4. A in Taxonomy and biology of a new species of Pincushion Millipede of the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) from Australia

FIGURE 4. A. Head capsule of Monographis queenslandicus sp. n. showing eye pattern, 3 trichobotheria and 2 posterior posterior vertex trichomes. B. Collum and lateral protuberances showing pattern of trichome sockets with all trichomes removed. C. Tergite 2 with trichome socket arrangement depicted. D. Tergite 10 (last tergite) with densely packed smaller trichome sockets. (A, B, C and D drawn to the same scale). E. Structure of clypeo – labrum with 2 lateral lamellae and median cleft visible. F. Lateral palp of gnathochelarium with 11 conical sensilla (5 conical sensilla were missing) and 22 sensilla on the medial palp. G. Last sternite of holotype with ridged biarticulate funicular cylindrical sensilla indicated. H. Leg segments and chaetotaxy of the second leg and penis. Three types of seta present: 1) ridged biarticulate funicular cylindrical sensilla (L) were found in coxa, pre-femur and femur; 2) a similar small form (M) located in the posterior position on the femur, 3) setiform seta in post-femur and tibia (K). Tarsus 1 and 2 were with spine (I & J). N. enlarged image of Tarsus 1 and spines. O. Telotarsus structure with processes indicated: a: anterior process, c: claw, l: lamella, lp: lateral process, p: posterior process, s: setiform process.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomy and biology of a new species of Pincushion Millipede of the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) from Australia

FIGURE 2. Differences in claw structure seen when comparing Monographis tamoyoensis and Monographis. queenslandicus sp. n.. Arrow indicates the anterior process.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy and biology of a new species of Pincushion Millipede of the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) from Australia

FIGURE 3. Live specimen of Monographis queenslandicus sp. n. showing the body colouration A. Dorsal view, B. Ventral view, C. Colour of caudal bundle.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy and biology of a new species of Pincushion Millipede of the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) from Australia

FIGURE 1. Map of Queensland showing the location of Boondall Wetlands Park and a map of Australia. Insert map indicates the location of Queensland within Australia (Not to scale).

FIGURE 11 in Description of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam

FIGURE 11. Images of SEM showed the difference in arrangement of processes in the claw structure of M. queenslandicus (A) (latro-posterior view) and Monographis dongnaiensis (B) (dorsal view). a: anterior process, c: claw, l: lamella process, lp: lateral process, p: posterior process, s: anterior setiform process. Arrows indicate position of the processes. Not to scale.

FIGURE 13 in Description of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam

FIGURE 13. Eye patterns observed in developmental stages of Monographis queenslandicus from paper 'Taxonomy and biology of a new species of Pincushion Millipede of the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) from Australia (Huynh & Veenstra 2013)' Amended. Stadia I & II: 3–4 pairs of legs, 5 ommatidia: 2 dorsal and 3 lateral positions. Stadium III: 5 pairs of legs, 7 ommatidia: 3 dorsal and 4 lateral positions (with two smaller ommatidia newly added in anterio-internal position and anterio-lateral position). Stadia IV, V & VI: 6, 8 & 10 pairs of legs, 8 ommatidia: 4 dorsal (a newly added ommatidium in posterior-internal position) and 4 lateral positions; the size of these ommatidia enlarged through each stadium until fully growth. Stadia VII & VIII: 12–13 pairs of legs, 8 ommatidia: 4 dorsal and 4 lateral positions with ommatidia fully growth in size as adult stage.

FIGURE 9 in Description of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam

FIGURE 9. The Scanning Electron Microscopic images showed the similarity of the arrangement of sensilla between M. queenslandicus (A) and Monographis dongnaiensis (B). But M. dongnaiensis is different in lacking a conical sensillum. Small arrows indicate the inner sensilla, a large arrow indicates the position of the conical sensillum. Not to scale.

FIGURE 10 in Description of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam

FIGURE 10. Comparison between claw structures of M. tamoyoensis (A), M. queenslandicus (B) and Monographis dongnaiensis (C). A claw of M. tamoyoensis is referred from Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin & Condé (1967), and a claw of M. queenslandicus is from Huynh & Veenstra (2013). Arrows indicate the length of the anterior setiform processes. The dot lines compared the length of anterior setiform processes to the claws. a: anterior process, l: lamella process, lp: lateral process, p: posterior process, s: anterior setiform process. Not to scale.

FIGURE 5. A in Description of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam

FIGURE 5. A. Leg segments and chaetotaxy of the second leg and penis (p: penis, co: coxa, pre.fe: pre-femur, fe: femur, post.fe: post-femur, tib: tibia, T1: tarsus 1, T2: tarsus 2). Three types of seta present: 1) Ridged biarticulate funicular cylindrical sensilla (B) were found in coxa, pre-femur, femur and the last sternite. 2) A similar small form (C) found in the posterior position on femur, sex organs—penis or vulva. 3) Setiform seta in post-femur and tibia (D). E & F. Spines found on Tarsus 1 and 2. G. Last sternite, with 3 sensilla and a socket without sensillum. H. Telotarsus structure with processes: c: claw, l: lamella process, lp: lateral process, p: posterior process, s: anterior setiform process. I. Dorsal ornamental trichome sockets: trichome sockets a: a1 to a16; trichome socket b; trichome sockets c: c1, c2 and c3. Circular indentation d. J. Nest trichome. K. Caudal trichome. (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H & I were from the holotype male (QMS 98960), J & K were from a female).

FIGURE 8 in Description of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam

FIGURE 8. Comparison of the number of sensilla between Monographis tamoyoensis (A), M. queenslandicus (B) and M. dongnaiensis (C). Sensilla pattern of M. tamoyoensis is referred from Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin & Condé (1967), and sensilla pattern of M. queenslandicus is from Huynh & Veenstra (2013). Arrows indicate the positions of the conical sensillum. Not to scale.

FIGURE 3 in Description of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam

FIGURE 3. Holotype male (QMS 98960), A. Head capsule of Monographis dongnaiensis showing ommatidia pattern, 2 posterior vertex trichomes and 3 trichobothria: trichobothrium a, b and c. B. Collum and lateral protuberances with pattern of trichome sockets (all trichomes were removed). C. Trichome socket arrangements from tergite 2. D. Tergite 10 with densely packed smaller sockets. (A, B, C, D drawn to the same scale). E. Structure of trichobothria: Trichobothrium a (internal position), Trichobothrium b (intermediate position), Trichobothrium c (external position), sockets and their funicular structures. F. Structure of clypeo-labrum with 2 lateral lamellae, 2 lamellae and a median cleft. G. Structures of 2 lateral palps (a conical sensillum was missed on each lateral palp) and medial palps from gnathochilaria (Lp: lateral palp, Mp: medial palp).

FIGURE 1 in Description of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam

FIGURE 1. Location of Monographis dongnaiensis collection sites at Trang Bom and Dinh Quan within Dong Nai province (inset), southern Vietnam. (Not to scale).