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FIGURE 11. Theratta shola n in First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)

FIGURE 11. Theratta shola n. sp., SEM. A, B: Immature F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9767). C–F: Immature M holotype (ZFMKMYR 9767A). A: Telson, posterio-ventral view. B: Female gonopore, ventral view. C: Gonopods, lateral view. D: Anterior gonopod, posterior view. E: Posterior gonopod, posterior view. F: Gonopods, posterior view. Abbreviations: av = anal valve; cx = coxa; fe = femur; go = gonopore; le = leg; pf = prefemur; pbr = penultimate body ring; po = postfemur; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; te = telson; ti = tibia; ve = external valve of vulva; vi = internal valve of vulva. I –VI indicates the number of podomeres of the gonopods. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B, C, F = 20 µm; D, E = 10 µm.

FIGURE 4. Theratta mannavan n in First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)

FIGURE 4. Theratta mannavan n. sp., SEM. A–D: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9483A). E, F: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B1). A: Tergites, dorsal view. B: First three leg pairs with gonopore, ventral view. C: Gonopore, posterior view. D: Detail of gonopore, ventral view. E: Leg. F: Paronychium. Abbreviations: cl = claw; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; le = leg; mz = metazonite; oz = ozopore; pe = penes; pf = prefemur; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = trochanter; vdo = vasa deferentia opening. The white arrow on (A) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, C, E = 20 µm; D, F = 10 µm.

FIGURE 5. Theratta mannavan n in First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)

FIGURE 5. Theratta mannavan n. sp., SEM. A, E, F: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B1). B: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9483A). C: F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482C). D: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B2). A: Telson, ventral view. B: Telson, lateral view. C: Female gonopore, ventral view. D: Gonopods, lateral view. E: Gonopods, posterior view. F: Gonopods, posterio-lateral view. Abbreviations: av = anal valve; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; go = gonopore; L = lamellae; le = leg; mp = mesal process; oz = ozopore; pbr = penultimate body ring; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; po = postfemur; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; te = telson; ti = tibia; ve = external valve of vulva; vi = internal valve of vulva. I–IV indicates the number of podomeres of gonopods. The black arrow on (E, F) indicates the remnant of podomere divisions of gonopods and the white arrow on (E, F) indicates the distal process present on the mesal process of the anterior gonopod. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, C = 100 µm; D–F = 20 µm.

FIGURE 9. Theratta eravikulam n in First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)

FIGURE 9. Theratta eravikulam n. sp., SEM. A–C: Immature M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B). D–F: M holotype (ZFMKMYR 9752A). G: F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752C). A: Male gonopore, ventral view. B: Telson, ventral view. C: Gonopods, anterior view. Anterior gonopod. D: Anterior gonopod, dorsal view. E: Anterior gonopod, anterior view. F: Anterior gonopod, posterior view. G: Female gonopore, ventral view. I–VI indicates the number of podomeres of the gonopods. The white arrow on (E, F) indicates the remnant of podomere division on the anterior and the black arrow on (D, F) indicates the distal process present on the mesal process of the anterior gonopod. Scale bars: B = 100 µm; A, C–G = 20 µm.

FIGURE 6. Theratta mannavan n in First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)

FIGURE 6. Theratta mannavan n. sp., SEM. A, D, F, J: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9483A). B, E: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B2). C: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 11393). G, H, I: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B1). A: Gonopods, dorsal view. B, C: Anterior gonopod, anterior view. D: Anterior gonopod, posterior view. E: Anterior gonopod, mesal view. F: Body teeth. G: Teeth on the mesal process of the anterior gonopod. H: Feather like serrated setae. I: Posterior gonopod, posterior view. J: Posterior gonopod, anterior view. Abbreviations: L = lamellae; mp = mesal process; st = sternite. I–IV indicates the number of podomeres of gonopods. The white arrow on (I) indicates the remnant of podomere division on the posterior gonopod. Scale bars: A, C–E, I, J = 20 µm; B, H = 10 µm; F, G = 2 µm.

FIGURE 7. Theratta eravikulam n in First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)

FIGURE 7. Theratta eravikulam n. sp.. A, B: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752A). A: Habitus. B: Detail of head. C: Habitat, Shola forests, Eravikulam National Park, Kerala, India. Photo (C) K.S. Nafin. Abbreviations: co = collum; gp = gonopod; ms = macroseta; om = ommatidia. I–VII indicates the number of antennomeres.

FIGURE 3. Theratta mannavan n in First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)

FIGURE 3. Theratta mannavan n. sp., SEM. A, D, E: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9483A). B, C, F, G: M holotype (ZFMKMYR9482B1). H: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B2). A: Head, frontal view. B: Antenna. C: Sensilla basiconica on antennomeres 5 and 6. D: Apical disc with four sensory cones. E: Mouth parts, dorsal view. F: Mouth parts, ventral view. G: Anterior body, lateral view. H: Tergites, lateral view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; ag = anterior gonopod; an = antenna; br = body ring; co = collum; gn = gnathochilarium; le = leg; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pg = posterior gonopod; pl = pleurite; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite. I–VII indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (B) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the antennomeres and on (H) indicates the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. Scale bars: A, G, H = 100 µm; B, D–F = 20 µm; C = 10 µm.

FIGURE 2. Theratta mannavan n in First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)

FIGURE 2. Theratta mannavan n. sp.. A, B: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482A1). A: Habitus. B: Head, lateral view. C, D: Habitats, Mannavan Shola, Annamudi Shola National Park, Kerala, India. Abbreviations: an = antenna; co = collum; gp = gonopod; ms = macroseta; om = ommatidia.

FIGURE 8. Theratta eravikulam n in First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)

FIGURE 8. Theratta eravikulam n. sp., SEM. A–D, F: Immature M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B). E, G–I: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752A). A: Head, frontal view. B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Tergites, lateral view. H: Leg, posterior view. I: Paronychium, posterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I–VI indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (E) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite, on (F) indicates the spine-like projection on the ozopore and on (G) indicates the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. Scale bars: G = 200 µm; A, E, F = 100 µm; B = 30 µm; C, D, H = 20 µm; I = 10 µm.

FIGURE 1 in First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of the Indian Polyzoniida. Locations of the three newly described species in the southern Western Ghats of Kerala, India. Theratta mannavan n. sp., (yellow) in Mannavan Shola, Annamudi Shola NP; Theratta eravikulam n. sp., (red) in Kadalar Shola and Theratta shola n. sp., (green) in Erechipetta Shola of Eravikulam NP; Siphonotidae sp. (blue) in Pambadum Shola NP. Asterisks (*) indicate the three newly described species.

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Specimen data for millipedes collected in 1983 in Chile by Robert Mesibov, and held in the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia (Polydesmida: Dalodesmidae; Polyzoniida: Siphonotidae)

<p>The file is a Darwin Core Archive containing a meta.xml, a rights.txt file specifying the usage licence, a citations.txt file specifying the preferred citation format and an occurrence.txt file with a header of 37 Darwin Core terms and 31 records. Each of the 31 records is for a registered specimen lot at the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. The archive also contains a KML file for the records.</p>

FIGURES 11, 12. Cylichnogaster lawrencei. Fig. 11 in Redescription of the South African millipede Cylichnogaster lawrencei Verhoeff, 1937 and notes on the family Siphonotidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida)

FIGURES 11, 12. Cylichnogaster lawrencei. Fig. 11. Second leg coxae and female genitalia; cx1, first coxa; cx2, second coxa; cx3, third coxa; m, mesal valve; o, opening of oviduct; s, spiracle. Fig. 12. Possible arthropod parasite on female shown in Fig. 2, numerals indicate trunk segment numbers.

FIGURES 8–10. Cylichnogaster lawrencei, gonopods. Fig. 8. Posterior view. Fig. 9. Right gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 10 in Redescription of the South African millipede Cylichnogaster lawrencei Verhoeff, 1937 and notes on the family Siphonotidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida)

FIGURES 8–10. Cylichnogaster lawrencei, gonopods. Fig. 8. Posterior view. Fig. 9. Right gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 10. Same as Fig. 9, lateral view. Numerals indicate gonopodomere numbers; cx, coxa; tr, trochanter; pf, prefemur; f, femur; psf, postfemur; t, tibia; tu, tarsungulum.

FIGURES 6, 7. Cylichnogaster lawrencei. Fig. 6 in Redescription of the South African millipede Cylichnogaster lawrencei Verhoeff, 1937 and notes on the family Siphonotidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida)

FIGURES 6, 7. Cylichnogaster lawrencei. Fig. 6. Rostrum and gnathochilarium of female, frontal view. L, labrum; op, opening to preoral chamber; stg, stipes of gnathochilarium. Fig. 7. The same, ventral view. L, labrum; ll, laminae linguales; M, mentum; op, opening to preoral chamber; stg, stipes of gnathochilarium.

FIGURES 3–5. Cylichnogaster lawrencei. Fig. 3 in Redescription of the South African millipede Cylichnogaster lawrencei Verhoeff, 1937 and notes on the family Siphonotidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida)

FIGURES 3–5. Cylichnogaster lawrencei. Fig. 3. Head of female, frontoventral view. C, clypeus; co, collum; L, labrum; o, ocellus; P2–P5, pleurites 1–5; numerals indicate antennal segments. Fig. 4. Tip of right antenna of the same specimen. 6, antennal segment 6; 7, antennal segment 7; d, antennal disc (segment 8) with sensory cones. Fig. 5. Terminal segment and anal valves of the same specimen, ventral view. av, anal valves; m, membranous region; ts23, terminal segment (23).

FIGURES 1, 2. Cylichnogaster lawrencei. Fig. 1. Partially enrolled male with 20 trunk segments. Fig. 2. Partially extended female with 23 in Redescription of the South African millipede Cylichnogaster lawrencei Verhoeff, 1937 and notes on the family Siphonotidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida)

FIGURES 1, 2. Cylichnogaster lawrencei. Fig. 1. Partially enrolled male with 20 trunk segments. Fig. 2. Partially extended female with 23 trunk segments.

FIGURE 5. Dawydoffia kalonota Attems, 1953 in Integrative redescription of the sucking millipede genus Dawydoffia Attems, 1953 with a description of a new species and a transfer to the family Hirudisomatidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida)

FIGURE 5. Dawydoffia kalonota Attems, 1953, paralectotypes from Chapa, micro-preparations: A & B: (NHMW MY10336) types illustrated by Attems: A. First pair of legs. B. Posterior rings and anal valves of syntype. C, D and G: Anterior and posterior gonopods (recent micro-preparation, NHMW MY10334): C. Posterior view. D. Anterior view. G. Right posterior gonopod details. E–F: Gonopods of the type illustrated by Attems (NHMW MY2259): E. Anterior gonopod, showing 6 podomeres. F. Posterior gonopod. Abbreviations: aG = anterior gonopod; pG = posterior gonopod.

FIGURE 9. Dawydoffia siphonocryptida n in Integrative redescription of the sucking millipede genus Dawydoffia Attems, 1953 with a description of a new species and a transfer to the family Hirudisomatidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida)

FIGURE 9. Dawydoffia siphonocryptida n. sp., male holotype (SMF), scanning electron micrographs. A. Sternite 1 and 2, coxa of leg pair 2 with gonapophysis or pseudopenis, ventral view. Arrows point to sternal protuberances. B. Left gonapophysis or pseudopenis, ventral view. C. Anterior and posterior gonopod, lateral view. D. Gonopods, anterior view. E. Anterior and posterior gonopod, posterior view. F. Detail of podomere 5, posterior gonopod. Abbreviations: aG = anterior gonopod; aG-P = process on anterior gonopod; cp = coxal pouch; Cx = coxa; H = head; LP –= lateral process of podomere 6 of anterior gonopod; MP = mesal process of podomere 6 of anterior gonopod; pG = posterior gonopod; PP = pseudopenis; St = sternite; St-p = sternite process.

FIGURE 1 in Integrative redescription of the sucking millipede genus Dawydoffia Attems, 1953 with a description of a new species and a transfer to the family Hirudisomatidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida)

FIGURE 1. Locality and habitat of Dawydoffia kalonota Attems, 1953 and Dawydoffia siphonocryptida n. sp. in South East Asia. A. Locality of D. kalonota (yellow square) and localities of D. siphonocryptida n. sp. (red circle). B. Detail of map as indicated in A. C & D. Habitat of D. siphonocryptida n. sp., a forest with a creek in Luang Prabang Province (Laos), along Nam Khan River (photographs by P. Jäger). For D. kalonota approximate localities have been indicated based on Attems (1953) and Enghoff et al. (2004).

FIGURE 4. Dawydoffia kalonota Attems, 1953 in Integrative redescription of the sucking millipede genus Dawydoffia Attems, 1953 with a description of a new species and a transfer to the family Hirudisomatidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida)

FIGURE 4. Dawydoffia kalonota Attems, 1953 paralectotypes (Fan Si Pan and Chapa): A. ♀, Head and anterior body rings (NHMW MY10338), lateral view. B–E ♀ from Chapa (NHMW MY10335): B. Entire specimen, ventral view; C. Mid-body section of a broken specimen from Chapa showing ozopores (NHMW MY10335). D. Closeup of the head showing ommatidia and first antennal articles. E. Posterior body rings showing anal valves by transparency, dorsal view.