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346 results for “Prevalence studies”
Data from: Prevalence of afebrile malaria and development of risk-scores for gradation of villages: a study from a hot-spot in Odisha
Introduction: Malaria is a public health emergency in India and Odisha. The national malaria elimination programme aims to expedite early identification, treatment and follow-up of malaria cases in hot-spots through a robust health system, besides focusing on efficient vector control. This study, a result of mass screening conducted in a hot-spot in Odisha, aimed to assess prevalence, identify and estimate the risks and develop a management tool for malaria elimination. Methods: Through a cross-sectional study and using WHO recommended Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), 13221 individuals were screened. Information about age, gender, education and health practices were collected along with blood sample (5 µl) for malaria testing. Altitude, forestation, availability of a village health worker and distance from secondary health center were captured using panel technique. A multi-level poisson regression model was used to analyze association between risk factors and prevalence of malaria, and to estimate risk scores. Results: The prevalence of malaria was 5.8% and afebrile malaria accounted for 79 percent of all confirmed cases. Higher proportion of Pv infections were afebrile (81%). We found the prevalence to be 1.38 (1.1664 - 1.6457) times higher in villages where the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) didn't stay; the risk increased by 1.38 (1.0428 - 1.8272) and 1.92 (1.4428 - 2.5764) times in mid- and high-altitude tertiles. With regard to forest coverage, villages falling under mid- and highest-tertiles were 2.01 times (1.6194 - 2.5129) and 2.03 times (1.5477 - 2.6809), respectively, more likely affected by malaria. Similarly, villages of mid tertile and lowest tertile of education had 1.73 times (1.3392 - 2.2586) and 2.50 times (2.009 - 3.1244) higher prevalence of malaria. Conclusion: Presence of ASHA worker in villages, altitude, forestation, and education emerged as principal predictors of malaria infection in the study area. An easy-to-use risk-scoring system for ranking villages based on these risk factors could facilitate resource prioritization for malaria elimination.
Exploring 12-Year Trends in Childhood Obesity Prevalence for the Republic of Ireland – A National Study Using Survey Data from 2002 and 2014
<p>This research examines 12-year trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, including trends in socioeconomic disparities, among primary-school-aged children in the Republic of Ireland between 2002 and 2014.<br> Two large-scale oral health cross-sectional surveys of primary-school-aged children aged 4–13 years were conducted twelve years apart in 2002 (n=14,055) and 2014 (n=5,272; response rates: 68% and 67%, respectively). Both surveys included standardised and calibrated height and weight measures. Ownership of a means-tested medical card determined economic status. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined using Standard International Obesity Task Force criteria.</p> <p> Aggregate data and supporting metadata are made available here. </p>
Study on the correlation of prevalence of ocular disease to different demographic variables, medical history and concomitant diseases.
<p>Random blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglycerides were analyzed by taking the blood sample from each patient. The average of the parameters was recorded, and the standard deviation (SD) was calculated. The parameters have been presented in the study as mean± SD. Blood sample analysis revealed that the average random blood glucose level (mg/dl) was 113.3±26.9 (Mean ±SD). The average cholesterol level was 189.35± 49.7 mg/dl, and the average triglycerides level was 124.25±50.0 mg/dl. Average systolic and diastolic blood pressure was found to be 126.0 ± 15.5 mmHg and 81.43 ± 8.0 mmHg, respectively. The patients were examined by the dermatologist. The dermatologists observed the signs, and the patients were asked about the presence of the symptoms to evaluate the severity of psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy. The patients were asked about the duration for which they had been suffering from psoriasis. On average, a patient was found to be suffering from psoriasis for 11.4 ±9.9 years (the duration ranged from a minimum of 1 year to a maximum of 45 years). The doctor screened the patients for the number of sites involved and evaluated the severity of psoriasis via psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. Average Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) for the patients, as recorded by the dermatologists, was found to be 5.94 ± 6.8. </p>
Clinical significance of post-liver transplant hepatitis E seropositivity in high prevalence area of hepatitis E genotype 3: a prospective study
<p class="CxSpFirst">High hepatitis E (HEV) seroprevalence has been reported in the general population and in post-liver transplant (LT) cases in several regions, including Thailand, with genotype 3 being a predominant genotype. We hypothesized that HEV might persist at a subclinical level and might pose clinical risks in the post-LT period. We performed a cross-sectional study with 108 post-LT patients and found an IgG seroprevalence of 55.6%. Subsequently, 91 cases without clinical evidence of HEV-related hepatitis were enrolled in 1 year of prospective follow-up to determine clinical status, serologies and serum/feces HEV RNA every 4 months. HEV RNA was detected, indicating subclinical infections in patients with or without seropositivity, with an annual incidence of 7.7%. Our results suggest that subclinical HEV infection exists among LT patients in this high-prevalence area. Thus, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of disease reemergence and HEV viral transmission in LT patients.</p>
Data from: Prevalence characteristics of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in the Taizhou area, China: a cross-sectional study of 37 967 women from the general population
Objectives: High-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) are highly prevalent worldwide, and HPV genotypes differ between geographical regions; however, sexually transmitted HPV may lead to cervical carcinogenesis. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence characteristics of cervical HPV genotypes in Taizhou, Southeast China. Setting and participants: A population-based sample of 37 967 eligible women (median age: 41.6; range: 15–90 years) visiting the Taizhou ENZE Medical Center in Taizhou (2012–2016) was analysed. HPV genotyping was performed on the collected specimens using a GP5+/bioGP6+-PCR/MPG assay by Luminex 200, which simultaneously identifies 27 different HPV genotypes and the β-globin gene (internal control). Results: The overall HPV infection rate was 22.8% in the Taizhou-based population, and the prevalence of high-risk HPV, low-risk HPV and mixed high-risk and low-risk HPV infection was 14.2%, 5.7% and 3.0%, respectively. The most prevalent genotypes were HPV52 (19.7%), 16 (11.9%), 58 (11.5%), 39 (7.2%), 18 (6.6%) and 56 (5.6%). The rate of multiple-type HPV infection was 5.7% in the whole population, and the HPV52+58, HPV16+52 and HPV16+18 mixed genotypes were most common in women with multiple infections. The age-specific HPV prevalence showed a bimodal curve, with a first peak below the age of 21 years (41.6%), followed by a second peak in the age group of 56–60 years (28.5%). Moreover, the HPV infection rate differed significantly between the outpatient and physical examination groups (24.0% vs 19.5%, p<0.0001). Further data comparisons showed that the distribution of HPV genotypes varied markedly between the two groups. Conclusions: Data from this study could be valuable for HPV-based cervical cancer screening efforts in certain areas, support the local vaccination programme in the Taizhou region and facilitate future diagnosis and treatment of HPV diseases.
Data from: Low prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among men who have sex with men attending an STI clinic in Amsterdam, a cross-sectional study
Objective: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is common among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the USA. It is unknown whether this is also the case in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Sexually transmitted infection outpatient low- threshold clinic, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants: Between October 2008 and April 2010, a total of 211 men were included, in two groups: (1) 74 MSM with clinical signs of a skin or soft tissue infection (symptomatic group) and (2) 137 MSM without clinical signs of such infections (asymptomatic group). Primary outcome measures: S aureus and MRSA infection and/or colonisation. Swabs were collected from the anterior nasal cavity, throat, perineum, penile glans and, if present, from infected skin lesions. Culture for S aureus was carried out on blood agar plates and for MRSA on selective chromagar plates after enrichment in broth. If MRSA was found, the spa- gene was sequenced. Secondary outcome measures: Associated demographic characteristics, medical history, risk factors for colonisation with S aureus and high-risk sexual behaviour were collected through a self- completed questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of S aureus colonisation in the nares was 37%, the pharynx 11%, the perianal region 12%, the glans penis 10% and in skin lesions 40%. In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, anogenital S aureus colonisation was significantly associated with the symptomatic group (p=0.01) and marginally with HIV ( p=0.06). MRSA was diagnosed in two cases: prevalence 0.9% (95% CI 0.1% to 3.4%)). Neither had CA-MRSA strains. Conclusions: CA-MRSA among MSM in Amsterdam is rare. Genital colonisation of S aureus is not associated with high-risk sexual behaviour.
Data from: Prevalence and treatment of sexually transmitted infections in men followed by urologists in Germany – a cross sectional study with 347,090 men
Aim: The goal of this retrospective analysis was to study the prevalence and treatment of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) in men followed by urologists in Germany. Methods: This study included a total of 347,090 men followed in 71 urology practices in Germany between 2013 and 2015. The first outcome was the prevalence of individuals diagnosed with STI between 2013 and 2015. The following eight types of STI infections were included in the analysis: chlamydial infection, gonococcal infection, anogenital warts, anogenital herpes infection, trichomoniasis, ulcus molle, phthiriasis, and syphilis. The second outcome was the prevalence of individuals with STI who received an appropriate therapy within 90 days of their initial STI diagnosis. Results: The most frequent STI was anogenital warts (0.64%), whereas the least frequent STI was syphilis (0.03%). The median age at diagnosis ranged from 30.3 years for chlamydia infection to 47.5 years for trichomoniasis. The proportion of individuals receiving treatment was the highest for trichomoniasis (90.6%) and the lowest for anogenital warts (49.9%). Conclusions: Overall, approximately 1.25% of men followed in urology practices in Germany between 2013 and 2015 were diagnosed with at least one STI. Further research is needed to gain a better understanding of the factors potentially associated with the risk of being diagnosed with STI in this setting in Germany. Moreover, there is a need for enabling higher rates of diagnosis and thus treatment of infected persons.
Data from: Continental-scale patterns of pathogen prevalence: a case study on the corncrake
Pathogen infections can represent a substantial threat to wild populations, especially those already limited in size. To determine how much variation in the pathogens observed among fragmented populations is caused by ecological factors, one needs to examine systems where host genetic diversity is consistent among the populations, thus controlling for any potentially confounding genetic effects. Here, we report geographic variation in haemosporidian infection among European populations of corncrake. This species now occurs in fragmented populations, but there is little genetic structure and equally high levels of genetic diversity among these populations. We observed a longitudinal gradient of prevalence from western to Eastern Europe negatively correlated with national agricultural yield, but positively correlated with corncrake census population sizes when only the most widespread lineage is considered. This likely reveals a possible impact of local agriculture intensity, which reduced host population densities in Western Europe and, potentially, insect vector abundance, thus reducing the transmission of pathogens. We conclude that in the corncrake system, where metapopulation dynamics resulted in variations in local census population sizes, but not in the genetic impoverishment of these populations, anthropogenic activity has led to a reduction in host populations and pathogen prevalence.
Data from: Prevalence, associated factors, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension: findings from a cross sectional study conducted as a part of a community based intervention trial in Surkhet, Mid-western region of Nepal
Background Hypertension is one of the leading public health problems globally. About half of the deaths from cardiovascular diseases were attributed to hypertension in 2008. Reduction of blood pressure to normal range is one of the major challenges in preventing complications and future burden of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study aims to determine prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and its associated factors in Nepal. Methods This was a community based cross-sectional study conducted as a part of a community based intervention trial in Birendranagar Municipality of Surkhet district located at the Mid-western region of Nepal. We enrolled 1159 subjects aged 30 years and above. Out of 12 wards (administrative unit), four wards were selected randomly. Three hundred participants were recruited from each selected ward. Trained enumerator collected socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data using standard STEPS questionnaires. Results Out of all participants, women were 71% and mean age was 47±12.6 years. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 38.9% (95% CI: 36–41.7) while age and sex adjusted prevalence was 40.6%. The hypertension was present in 48.1% (95% CI: 45.2–50.9) of men and 35.2% (95% CI: 32.4–37.9)] of women. Male gender (OR = 1.49), older age (OR = 1.04 per year), Dalit caste (OR = 1.71), past history of cigarettes smoking (OR = 2.78), current alcohol consumption (OR = 1.75), and raised body mass index (OR = 1.17 per unit) were identified as significant factors associated with hypertension. Of total hypertensive respondents, 53.4% (95% CI: 48.7–58) were aware, 29% (95% CI: 24.8–33.1) were receiving treatment for high blood pressure, and 8.2% (95% CI: 5.6–10.7) had controlled blood pressure. The awareness, treatment, and control status were worse in younger participants. Conclusions The study revealed high prevalence with low awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Nepal. Gender, age, ethnicity, smoking, drinking alcohol, and body mass index were associated with hypertension. Immediate public health and individual measures are warranted to reduce future burden of cardiovascular diseases.
Exposure to high endotoxin concentration increases wheezing prevalence among laboratory animal workers: a cross-sectional study
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria are found in different concentrations in dust and on the ground of laboratories dealing with small animals and animal houses. <strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study performed in workplaces of two universities. Dust samples were collected from laboratories and animal facilities housing rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits or hamsters and analyzed by the “<em>Limulus amebocyte lysate</em>” (LAL) method. We also sampled workplaces without animals. The concentrations of endotoxin detected in the workplaces were tested for association with wheezing in the last 12 months, asthma defined by self-reported diagnosis and asthma confirmed by bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to mannitol. <strong>Results: </strong>Dust samples were obtained at 145 workplaces, 92 with exposure to animals and 53 with no exposure. Exposed group comprised 412 subjects and non-exposed group comprised 339 subjects. Animal-exposed workplaces had higher concentrations of endotoxin, median of 34.2 endotoxin units (EU) per mg of dust (interquartile range, 12.6-65.4), as compared to the non-exposed group, median of 10.2 EU/mg of dust (interquartile range, 2.6-22.2) (p < 0.001). The high concentration of endotoxin (above median, 20.4 EU/mg) was associated with increased wheezing prevalence (p < 0.001), i.e. 61% of workers exposed to high endotoxin concentration reported wheezing in the last 12 months compared to 29% of workers exposed to low endotoxin concentration. The concentration of endotoxin was not associated with asthma report or with BHR confirmed asthma. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposure to endotoxin is associated with a higher prevalence of wheezing, but not with asthma as defined by the mannitol bronchial challenge test or by self-reported asthma. Preventive measures are necessary for these workers.</p>
Low-quality carbohydrate intake is associated with a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome: The AWHS Study. (Supplemental Figure-Participant selection flow-chart)
<p>Supplemental figure: Participant selection flow-chart.</p>
Quality assessment of the included papers to assess the pooled prevalence of iodine deficiency among school-age children in Ethiopia, 2023 by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies.
<p>This is a quality assessment data of the studies included to assess the pooled prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors among school-age children in Ethiopia</p>
Prevalence, severity, and risk factors of disability among adults living with HIV accessing routine outpatient HIV care in London, United Kingdom (UK): A cross-sectional self-report study
<div> <p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>The study objectives were to measure disability prevalence and severity, and examine disability risk factors, among adults living with HIV in London, United Kingdom (UK).</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>Self-reported questionnaires were administered: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS), HIV Disability Questionnaire (HDQ), Equality Act disability definition (EADD), and demographic questionnaire. We calculated proportion (95% Confidence Interval; CI) of "severe" and "moderate" disability measured using EADD and WHODAS scores ≥2 respectively. We measured disability severity with HDQ domain severity scores. We used demographic questionnaire responses to assess risk factors of "severe" and "moderate" disability using logistic regression analysis, and HDQ severity domain scores using linear regression analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Of 201 participants, 176 (87.6%) identified as men, median age 47 years, and 194 (96.5%) virologically suppressed. Severe disability prevalence was 39.5% (n=79/201), 95% CI [32.5%, 46.4%]. Moderate disability prevalence was 70.5% (n=141/200), 95% CI [64.2%, 76.8%]. Uncertainty was the most severe HDQ disability domain. Late HIV diagnosis was a risk factor for severe disability [Odds Ratio (OR) 2.71; CI 1.25, 5.87]. Social determinants of health, economic inactivity [OR 2.79; CI 1.08, 7.21] and receiving benefits [OR 2.87; CI 1.05, 7.83], were risk factors for "severe" disability. <span>Economic inactivity [OR 3.14; CI 1.00, 9.98] was a risk factor for </span>"moderate" disability. Economic inactivity, receiving benefits, and having no fixed abode were risk factors (P≤0.05) across HDQ domains; physical, mental and emotional, difficulty with day-to-day activities, and challenges to social participation. Personal factors, identifying as a woman and being aged <50 years, were risk factors (P≤0.05) for HDQ domains; mental and emotional, uncertainty, and challenges with social participation.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>People living with well-controlled HIV in London UK experienced multi-dimensional and episodic disability. Results help to better understand the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of disability experienced by adults living with HIV, identify areas to target interventions, and optimise health and functioning.</p> </div>
Results of a Study on the Prevalence of Atoms of Confusion in Java Programs
<p>CSV reports and XLSX files of study on the prevalence of Atoms of Confusion in Java programs, generated from the BOHR tool (<a href="https://github.com/wendellmfm/bohr">https://github.com/wendellmfm/bohr</a>). </p>
Prevalence, resistance profiles and factors associated with skin and soft-tissue infections at Jinja regional referral hospital: A retrospective study
<p>Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI) are common cases of hospital-acquired infections with aetiologic agents exhibiting antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We determined the prevalence, proportion of laboratory-investigated cases, AMR-profiles, and factors associated with SSTI and multi-drug resistance (MDR). This study was based on archived data of patients suspected of SSTI from 2019-2021 at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. The analysis involved 268 randomly selected patient reports. Prevalence of SSTI was 66.4%. Laboratory-investigated cases were 14.11%. <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(n=51) was the most isolated organism. MDR pathogens explained 47% of infections. Methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> was up to 44%. In addition, 61% of Gram-negatives had the potential to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, while 27% were non-susceptible to carbapenems. Ward of admission was significantly associated with infection (aPR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.003-3.18, p-value=0.04). Age category <u>(</u>19-35) was an independent predictor for MDR infections (aPR=2.30, 95%CI:1.02-5.23, p-value=0.04). The prevalence is relatively high with MDR pathogens responsible for almost half of the infections. Routine use of culture and sensitivity testing should be done for proper infection management. Gentamicin and ciprofloxacin can be considered for empirical management of emergency SSTI suspected of <em>S. aureus</em>. Recognizing SSTI under the Global Antimicrobial resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) would lead to improved preparedness and response to AMR.</p>
Prevalence, Prevention and Willingness to Vaccinate against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among Women with Adolescent Daughters in Rivers State, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
<p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant public health concern due to its association with cervical cancer. Understanding the prevalence of HPV vaccination, prevention practices, and the willingness to vaccinate among women with adolescent daughters is important for improving vaccination coverage. This study aims to assess the prevalence of HPV vaccination, knowledge of HPV prevention, and the willingness to vaccinate daughters among women attending outpatient clinics in Rivers State, Nigeria. A hospital-based descriptive, multi-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2021 at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). The study included 304 women with adolescent daughters, recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, with results presented in frequencies and percentages. Of the 304 participants, 40% were aged 30-39 years, and 73.4% had tertiary education. Only 2.3% had previously vaccinated their daughters against HPV. The primary reasons for not vaccinating included insufficient information (54.2%) and lack of access to the vaccine (26.9%). Despite this, 70.4% of the respondents expressed willingness to vaccinate their daughters if provided with adequate information and access. The study highlights a low prevalence of HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in Rivers State, with significant barriers including lack of information and access. However, there is a high willingness to vaccinate, indicating the potential for increased vaccination rates through targeted educational and accessibility interventions.</p>
Dataset for article "Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms Among the US Population During COVID-19 (2021-2022): A Study Using the Goodville App"
<p>This dataset contains PHQ-8 data obtained using Goodville app. The dataset was used for preparing research article "Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms Among the US Population During COVID-19 (2021-2022): A Study Using the Goodville App". The first page of excel table includes all US PHQ-8 data. The second page includes only valid PHQ-8 patterns after Rasch analysis. </p>
Prevalence of early postnatal care services utilization and associated factors among postnatal women of Wolkite town, Gurage zone, Southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
<p><strong>Dataset of research entitled Prevalence of early postnatal care services utilization and associated factors among postnatal women of Wolkite town, Gurage zone, Southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study </strong></p>
STROBE checklist for 'Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study'
<p>STROBE checklist for ‘Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study’</p>
Underlying data for Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study
<p>Underlying data for Prevalence Rates of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.