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27 results for “Procyon lotor”
Exposure to humans and task difficulty levels affect wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) learning
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Data from: Spatial patterns of neutral and functional genetic variation reveal patterns of local adaptation in raccoon (Procyon lotor) populations exposed to raccoon rabies
Local adaptation is necessary for population survival and depends on the interplay between responses to selective forces and demographic processes that introduce or retain adaptive and maladaptive attributes. Host-parasite systems are dynamic, varying in space and time, where both host and parasites must adapt to their ever-changing environment in order to survive. We investigated patterns of local adaptation in raccoon populations with varying temporal exposure to the raccoon rabies virus (RRV). RRV infects approximately 85% of the population when epizootic and has been presumed to be completely lethal once contracted; however, disease challenge experiments and varying spatial patterns of RRV spread suggest some level of immunity may exist. We first assessed patterns of local adaptation in raccoon populations along the eastern seaboard of North America by contrasting spatial patterns of neutral (microsatellite loci) and functional, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genetic diversity and structure. We explored variation of MHC allele frequencies in light of temporal population exposure to RRV (0-60 years) and specific RRV strains in infected raccoons. Our results revealed high levels of MHC variation (66 DRB exon 2 alleles) and pronounced genetic structure relative to neutral microsatellite loci, indicative of local adaptation. We found a positive association linking MHC genetic diversity and temporal RRV exposure, but no association with susceptibility and resistance to RRV strains. These results have implications for landscape epidemiology studies seeking to predict the spread of RRV and present an example of how population demographics influence the degree to which populations adapt to local selective pressures.
Data from: Historical invasion records can be misleading: genetic evidence for multiple introductions of invasive raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany
Biological invasions provide excellent study systems to understand evolutionary, genetic and ecological processes during range expansions. There is strong evidence for positive effects of high propagule pressure and the associated higher genetic diversity on invasion success, but some species have become invasive despite small founder numbers. The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is often considered as a typical example for such a successful invasion resulting from a small number of founders. The species' largest non-native population in Germany is commonly assumed to stem from a small number of founders and two separate founding events in the 1930s and 1940s. In the present study we analyzed 407 raccoons at 20 microsatellite loci sampled from the invasive range in Western Europe to test if these assumptions are correct. Contrary to the expectations, different genetic clustering methods detected evidence for at least four independent introduction events that gave rise to genetically differentiated subpopulations. Further smaller clusters were either artifacts or resulted from founder events at the range margin and recent release of captive individuals. We also found genetic evidence for on-going introductions of individuals. Furthermore a novel randomization process was used to determine the potential range of founder population size that would suffice to capture all the alleles present in a cluster. Our results falsify the assumption that this species has become widespread and abundant despite being genetically depauperate and show that historical records of species introductions may be misleading.
FIGURE 1. Molineus lotoris n in A new species of Molineus (Nematoda: Molineidae) parasite of Procyon lotor (Mammalia: Carnivora) in Mexico with a taxonomic key for the species of the genus
FIGURE 1. Molineus lotoris n. sp., parasite of Procyon lotor from Mexico. A: male, anterior end; B: male, frontal view; C: male, bursa; D: female, posterior region; E: male, synlophe at anterior body level; F: male, synlophe at mid-body level; G: male, synlophe at posterior body level; H: female, synlophe at anterior body level; I: female, synlophe at mid-body level; J: female, synlophe at posterior body level; scale bars 0.05 mm.
FIGURE 1. Molineus lotoris n in A new species of Molineus (Nematoda: Molineidae) parasite of Procyon lotor (Mammalia: Carnivora) in Mexico with a taxonomic key for the species of the genus
FIGURE 1. Molineus lotoris n. sp., parasite of Procyon lotor from Mexico. A: male, anterior end; B: male, frontal view; C: male, bursa; D: female, posterior region; E: male, synlophe at anterior body level; F: male, synlophe at mid-body level; G: male, synlophe at posterior body level; H: female, synlophe at anterior body level; I: female, synlophe at mid-body level; J: female, synlophe at posterior body level; scale bars 0.05 mm.
Data from: Historical invasion records can be misleading: genetic evidence for multiple introductions of invasive raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Spatial patterns of neutral and functional genetic variation reveal patterns of local adaptation in raccoon (Procyon lotor) populations exposed to raccoon rabies
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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