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Fig. 1 in Diversity of intestinal protozoa and clinical signs associated in wild-caught Phoneutria nigriventer kept in captivity for the anti-arachnid serum production

Fig. 1. Phoneutria nigriventer kept in glass containers with a humidified cotton ball and a cardboard substrate.

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Fig. 2. – A and B in Diversity of intestinal protozoa and clinical signs associated in wild-caught Phoneutria nigriventer kept in captivity for the anti-arachnid serum production

Fig. 2. – A and B, Diarrheal stools, without differentiation of solid and liquid portion. C, Normal stools of Phoneutria nigriventer (red arrow). The white arrow indicates the urine portion, white in color due to urate. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 7 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 7. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences. Numbers at the nodes represent the bootstrap values of ML analyses and posterior probability of BI analyses. Fully supported (100%/1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. Asterisk (*) represents support values less than 50% and the disagreement between BI and the reference ML tree. The scale bar corresponds to two substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. The newly sequenced species in the present study is shown in bold.

Fig. 4 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 4. Divisional morphogenesis in Tachysoma pellionellum (after protargol staining). (A, B) Ventral views of an early divider. Note the basal bodies in the oral primordium forming an elongated field; arrowheads show the postoral ventral cirri which remain intact only for a short time. (C, D) Ventral views of an early divider. Arrowheads show the developing FVT-anlagen. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of a divider in early divisional stage. In E, arrow marks the old paroral which is dedifferentiating, double-arrowheads shows the UM-anlage formed to the right of the oral primordium as a long streak of basal bodies and arrowhead indicates the right marginal row anlagen developing intrakinetally; in F, arrows show the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kineties anlagen 4 in the dividing cell. (G, H) Ventral and dorsal view of a divider in early divisional stage. In G, arrows show the first frontal cirri separating from the undulating membranes anlagen; arrowheads mark the left marginal row anlagen developing intrakinetally; in H, arrows show the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kineties anlagen 4 in the dividing cell. DKA, dorsal kineties anlagen; II–VI, frontoventral–transverse cirral anlagen; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronucleus; OP, oral primordium; RMA, right marginal anlage. Scale bars: 15 µm (A, C) and 35 µm (B, D, E–H).

Fig. 1 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 1. Map of North America (the background from Google earth) showing the sampling sites. (A, B) Map showing Stone Mountain State Park, North Carolina, USA. (C, D), where Tachysoma pellionellum was collected.

Fig. 3 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of Tachysoma pellionellum in vivo (A–D) and after protargol staining (E–H). (A–D) Ventral views of typical individuals; arrow in Fig. B marks the contractile vacuole, arrows in Fig. C show the refringent globules and arrowheads demonstrate the dorsal cilia. (E) Ventral view of the infraciliature; showing the frontoventral (in rectangle) and postoral ventral cirri (in circle). (F) Ventral view of anterior portion of infraciliature. (G) Ventral view of posterior portion of infraciliature, showing the pretransverse ventral cirri (dashed line). (H) Dorsal view of the infraciliature, showing the dorsal kineties (arrowheads). AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CV, contractile vacuole; E, endoral; FC, frontal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; P, paroral; PVC, postoral ventral cirri; PTVC, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; Scale bars: 55 µm (A), 35 µm (E) and 15 µm (F, G).

Fig. 2 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 2. Morphology of Tachysoma pellionellum from life (A–C) and after protargol staining (D–F). (A) Ventral view of a representative individual. (B, C) Detail of cell, arrows indicate the refringent globules and arrowhead shows the food vacuole. (D) Detailed ventral view of the anterior region, showing the frontoventral (in rectangle) and postoral ventral cirri (in ellipse). (E, F) Ciliature of ventral and dorsal side and nuclear apparatus, the dashed ellipse depicts the postoral ventral cirri; arrowhead indicates the micronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CV, contractile vacuole; E, endoral; FC, frontal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; P, paroral; PTVC, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; 1–6, dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 40 µm.

Fig. 6 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 6. Photomicrographs of Tachysoma pellionellum during divisional morphogenesis (after protargol staining). (A, B) Ventral views of early dividers, note the basal bodies in the oral primordia forming an elongated field; arrows show the postoral ventral cirri which remain intact. (C, D) Ventral views of early dividers. In C, arrow in the proter marks the paroral which is dedifferentiating; arrow in the opisthe shows the anlage of the undulating membranes, and arrowhead indicates the right marginal anlage; in D, arrows show the first frontal cirri separating from the anlagen of the undulating membranes, and arrowheads mark the left marginal anlagen. (E–G) Ventral and dorsal view of a middle-stage divider. In E, arrowhead shows the first frontal cirrus and arrows mark the right marginal anlagen; in G, double-arrowheads show the first frontal cirrius, arrowheads mark the left marginal anlagen, and arrows show the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kineties anlagen 1. (H, I) Ventral and dorsal view of a late divider; arrows show the dorsal kineties 6. II–VI, FVT-anlagen; Ma, macronuclear nodules; OP, oral primordium; 2–5, dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 20 µm (B, D, F) and 45µm (I).

Fig. 5 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 5. Middle and late dividers of Tachysoma pellionellum, after protargol staining. (A, B) Ventral and dorsal view of a middle-stage divider. In A, arrowheads show the first frontal cirri and arrows mark the left marginal anlagen; in B, arrows mark the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kineties anlagen 4. (C, D) Ventral and dorsal view of a mid-divider. In C, arrowheads show the first frontal cirri, arrows mark the left marginal anlagen and double-arrowheads show the anlagen of dorsal kineties; in D, arrows mark the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kinety anlagen 4. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of a late divider; double-arrowheads show the dorsomarginal kineties (dorsal kineties 6) and arrowheads show the left marginal row. (G, H) Ventral and dorsal view of a late-stage divider; arrowheads show the dorsomarginal kineties (dorsal kineties 6). DKA, dorsal kineties anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; 1–6, dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 45 µm.

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Fig. 6 in Worldwide sampling reveals low genetic variability in populations of the freshwater ciliate Paramecium biaurelia (P. aurelia species complex, Ciliophora, Protozoa)

Fig. 6 Map of sampling sit_s of Paramecium biaurelia strains coll_ct_d during fi_ld r_s_arch in th_ Kraków ar_a. a Kraków, "At th_ brickyard" pond, 1 sampling point. b Kraków, Zaczarowana Dorożka Park (pond), 2 sampling points. c Pi_skowa Skała (pond), 1 sampling point. d Kraków,

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Fig. 5 in Worldwide sampling reveals low genetic variability in populations of the freshwater ciliate Paramecium biaurelia (P. aurelia species complex, Ciliophora, Protozoa)

Fig. 5 Haplotyp_ n_twork of Paramecium biaurelia construct_d using th_ 123 s_qu_nc_s of ribosomal ITS1- 5.8S-ITS2-5'LSU fragm_nts (a) and 139 of mitochondrial COI fragm_nts (b). Th_ n_twork pr_s_nts a comparison of haplotyp_s obtain_d in th_ Kraków ar_a vs. th_ oth_r localiti_s, wh_r_ mol_cular data for P. biaurelia is availabl_. Black dash_s on particular branch_s r_pr_s_nt nucl_otid_ substitutions b_tw__n particular haplotyp_s. Analys_s w_r_ conduct_d using th_ M_dian Joining m_thod in PopART softwar_ v. 1.7

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Fig. 4 in Worldwide sampling reveals low genetic variability in populations of the freshwater ciliate Paramecium biaurelia (P. aurelia species complex, Ciliophora, Protozoa)

Fig. 4 Haplotyp_ n_twork of Paramecium biaurelia construct_d using th_ 123 s_qu_nc_s of ribosomal ITS1- 5.8S-ITS2-5'LSU fragm_nts (a) and 139 of mitochondrial COI fragm_nts (b). Th_ n_twork pr_s_nts r_ciprocal r_lationships b_tw__n, and th_ origin of P. biaurelia haplotyp_s id_ntifi_d in curr_nt study. Black dash_s on particular branch_s r_pr_s_nt nucl_otid_ substitutions b_tw__n particular haplotyp_s. Analys_s w_r_ conduct_d using th_ M_dian Joining m_thod in PopART softwar_ v. 1.7

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Рис. 4. СхоΑство виΑовых составов раковинных амеб пресных воΑ и почв СевероВосточного АзербайΑжана: ХуΑат (воΑа) с Хачмаз (воΑа) — 83,17%; ХуΑат (воΑа) — Хачмаз (воΑа) с Губа (воΑа) — 77,91%; ХуΑат (почвы) с Губа (почвы) — 70,97%; ХуΑат (почвы) — Губа (почвы) с Хачмаз (почвы) — 65,49%; ХуΑат (воΑа) — Хачмаз (воΑа) — Губа (воΑа) с ХуΑат (почвы) — Губа (почвы) — Хачмаз (почвы) — 55,99% in Free-living protozoa of freshwater and soils of the North-East Azerbaijan

Рис. 4. СхоΑство виΑовых составов раковинных амеб пресных воΑ и почв СевероВосточного АзербайΑжана: ХуΑат (воΑа) с Хачмаз (воΑа) — 83,17%; ХуΑат (воΑа) — Хачмаз (воΑа) с Губа (воΑа) — 77,91%; ХуΑат (почвы) с Губа (почвы) — 70,97%; ХуΑат (почвы) — Губа (почвы) с Хачмаз (почвы) — 65,49%; ХуΑат (воΑа) — Хачмаз (воΑа) — Губа (воΑа) с ХуΑат (почвы) — Губа (почвы) — Хачмаз (почвы) — 55,99%

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Рис. 1. Точки сбора воΑных и почвенных проб в окрестностях гороΑов Губа (1), Хачмаз (2) и ХуΑат (3) (Северо-Восточный АзербайΑжан) Fig. 1. Sampling points of water and soil samples in the vicinity of the cities of Guba (1), Khachmaz (2) and Khudat (3) (North-East Azerbaijan) in Free-living protozoa of freshwater and soils of the North-East Azerbaijan

Рис. 1. Точки сбора воΑных и почвенных проб в окрестностях гороΑов Губа (1), Хачмаз (2) и ХуΑат (3) (Северо-Восточный АзербайΑжан) Fig. 1. Sampling points of water and soil samples in the vicinity of the cities of Guba (1), Khachmaz (2) and Khudat (3) (North-East Azerbaijan)

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Fig. 3 in New record of Pleuronema marinum Dujardin, 1841 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood tree of 18S rRNA gene sequences. Bootstrap values are shown on the branches, while the values ≤50% were not shown. The scale bar represents five nucleotide substitution per 100 nt.

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Fig. 2 in New record of Pleuronema marinum Dujardin, 1841 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 2. Pleuronema marinum after wet silver nitrate (A, B, E, G) and protargol impregnation (C, D, F). A. Ventral view of a typical individual showing oral apparatus and silver line system. B. Lateral view showing the excretory pore near mid-body. C-E. Nuclear apparatus fixed in Bouin's solution (C), concentrated mercury chloride (D), and Champy's fixative (E). F, G. Oral apparatus. CY, cytopyge; DE, docked extrusome; EP, excretory pore; M1, 3, membranelles 1, 3; M2a, anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b, posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronuclei; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Fig. 10. Protocyclidium citrullus after protargol impregnation. A in New record of ten ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 10. Protocyclidium citrullus after protargol impregnation. A, Ventral view showing the oral apparatus and the ventral infraciliature. Arrows denote the condensation of about 6 ciliated kinetids at the end of the shortened kinety n-1. B, Dorsal view showing the dorsal infraciliature. CC, caudal cilium; M1-3, oral membranelles; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars 10 μm.

Fig. 3 in New record of ten ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 3. Pseudokeronopsis parasongi in life (A-C) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). A, B, Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view showing the body shape and the two contractile vacuoles. C, Dorsal view showing the arrangement of the cortical granules; the yellow type I (arrowhead) and the colorless, blood cell shaped type II (arrow). D, E. Ventral (D) and dorsal (E) view showing the midventral pairs, the nuclear pattern and the four dorsal kineties. CV, contractile vacuole; FT, frontoterminal cirri; MA, macronuclear nodules; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bras 50 μm (A, B) and 20 μm (D, E).

Fig. 7. Urotricha furcata after protargol impregnation. A-C in New record of ten ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 7. Urotricha furcata after protargol impregnation. A-C, Ventral (A), posterolateral (B), and dorsal (C) view, showing the body shape, the posteriorly shortened ciliary rows, the non-ciliated posterior area with two caudal cilia, the nuclear apparatus, and the oral flaps surrounding the oral opening. AO, adoral organelles; CC, caudal cilia; MA, macronucleus; OF, oral flaps. Scale bars 10 μm.

Fig. 6 in New record of ten ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea

Fig. 6. Plagiocampa rouxi in life (A-C) and after protargol impregnation (D-H). A-C, Lateral views showing the ellipsoidal and obovate body shape, the cytoplasm studded with ring-shaped granules especially in anterior half, the nuclear apparatus, the oral flaps surrounding the oral opening, the single caudal cilium, and the posteriorly located contractile vacuole. D, H, Apical views showing the circumoral kinety consisting of dikinetids and the brosse consisting of three adoral membranelles. E-G, Dorsal (E) and lateral (F, G) views showing the somatic ciliature and the nuclear apparatus. AM, adoral membranelles (brosse); CC, caudal cilium; CK, circumoral kinety; CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; G. cytoplasmic granules; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronucleus; OF, oral flaps. Scale bars 20 μm.