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openCC (other)Jul 2025View details →

Patterns of root biomass, productivity, turnover, and decomposition in riverine and scrub mangroves in the Everglades, Florida, USA, immediate-post-Irma, 2018-2019, and post-Irma, 2023-2024

Mangrove root biomass, productivity, and decomposition in the shallow (0-45 cm depth) root zone were estimated at Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) Program Shark River (SRS4, SRS5, SRS6, SRS7) and Taylor River (TS/Ph6b, TS/Ph7b) mangrove sites during 2018-2019 and 2023-2024 following Hurricane Irma’s impacts in September 2017. Root biomass was estimated at all sites during both immediate-post-Irma (March 2018) and post-Irma (February-May 2023) periods with a PVC coring device (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) using the same sampling protocol previously published for the study area (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011). After collection, root cores were processed individually and initially rinsed with water through a 1-mm screen mesh to remove soil particles. Roots were separated manually based on their buoyancy, turgor, and color into biomass (live) and necromass (dead) components (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011; Cormier et al. 2015; Medina-Calderon et al. 2021). Live roots were further sorted into three size diameter classes including fine (<2 mm), small (2-5 mm), and coarse (5-20 mm). Roots greater than 20 mm in diameter were not included in this study due to sampling limitations (i.e., core area). All root samples were oven-dried at 60°C to a constant mass and weighed to estimate root biomass and necromass (g m-2). Root productivity was estimated with the ingrowth core technique (Vogt et al., 1998) during both the immediate-post-Irma and post-Irma periods using the same sampling protocol previously published for the study area (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011). Ingrowth cores (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) were made of synthetic material (3 mm mesh) and filled with root-free commercial sphagnum peat moss. This material has similar soil properties (i.e., bulk density, organic matter content, total C and N) as mangrove peat in our study sites. Ingrowth cores were installed in each of the cored holes formed during sampling of root biomass. At each

openCC (other)Jan 2025View details →

Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE): Root cores and mycorrhizal colonization

Root cores were obtained in 2010 (pre-treatment) from two soil depths, 0-10 cm and 30-50 cm, in two MELNHE stands, C5 and C7, at Bartlett Experimental Forest. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) colonization and root length were quantified in each core to determine if AM or EM was more prevalent in shallow or deep soils. Detailed description and analyses of these data can be found in: Nash, J.M., Diggs, F.M. & Yanai, R.D. Length and colonization rates of roots associated with arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi decline differentially with depth in two northern hardwood forests. Mycorrhiza 32, 213–219 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-022-01071-8 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.

openCC (other)May 2024View details →

Plant root simulator nutrient availability data in the black sand extended growing season experiment, 2018 - 2020.

As a result of climate change, the Rocky Mountain Front Range is experiencing warmer summers and earlier snowmelt. Due to the importance of snow for regulating soil temperature, growing season length, and available moisture in alpine ecosystems, even small shifts in the snow-free period could have large impacts. The focus of the Black Sand Extended Growing Season Length Experiment is to examine how terrain-related differences in climate exposure influence the way alpine habitats respond to climate change via earlier snowmelt. To simulate how climate exposure may affect plant communities, NWT LTER researchers established 5 experimental sites, each containing a pair 10 x 40m rectangular plots. These sites include north and south facing aspects, subalpine and alpine tundra meadows and a range of hydrological conditions (e.g. dry meadows, moist meadows, wet meadows). We accelerated snowmelt in one plot at each site by adding chemically inert black sand, while keeping the second plot as an unmanipulated control; black sand was added to control plots after snow had naturally melted. We used open top warming chambers (OTCs) to increase summer temperature in three subplots within each of the 10 x 40 m plots. This dataset includes plant nutrient availability as measured using plant root simulator probes.

openCC0Mar 2024View details →

Below-Ground Net Primary Production (BNPP): Root Ingrowth Donuts in Chihuahuan Desert Grassland and Creosote Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico

In 2005, annually harvested root ingrowth donut structures were co-located with previously established mini-rhizotron tubes established at four sites on McKenzie Flats located on the east side of Sevilleta NWR: 10 replicate structures in both burned and unburned blue and black grama dominated grassland plots at Deep Well, 10 replicates each on nitrogen fertilization plots and respective control plots on McKenzie Flats(20 total), 10 replicates in creosote dominated shrubland at the Five Points Creosote Core site and in 2011, 13 structures were put in the Monsoon site. Roots and soil are harvested annually in late fall after the growing season, and structures are reestablished in situ for consecutive harvests each year. Each structure allows roots to be harvested at two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) to estimate root production, or below ground net primary productivity. In order to compare estimates of root production from two methods, root ingrowth donuts were collocated with mini-rhizotron tubes at all localities except for the burned grassland plot at Deep Well.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2019View details →

MrPARTS / MANIP Root Data

This dataset contains root measurements collected in the MaNiP experiment at the experimental site Majadas de Tietar  (El-Madany et al., 2018) between November 2016 and May 2018.We collected direct measurements of root biomass, ingrowth cores (always initiated in December of the previous year to sampling date) and minirhizotron measurements from approximately every other month during the growing season. These data are reported in Nair et al., (2018) along with commentary on the methods of sampling. In this dataset we include data as shown in the paper; this includes the top 13 cm of fine root biomass (the majority of fine roots at most times of the year). The experimental site is a nutrient manipulation experiment (MaNiP: Large Scale Manipulation Nitrogen and Phosphorus) experiment in a typical ‘Iberic Dehesa’ in western Spain. The site has has about 20 % tree cover (98% Quercus ilex) interspaced with a diverse herbaceous pasture.  We use a site-level fertilization design with nutrient (+N and +NP) fertilizers applied beneath 3 eddy covariance towers each with a footprint of ca. 20 ha (El-Madany et al., 2018). For root measurements we use sampling scheme described Nair et al., (2018) aiming to characterize differences between footprints and between cover types across 36 ‘locations’ where minirhizotron and direct root measurements are closely paired.  These are arranged in a stratified design with the tower footprints, in sets of four minirhizotrons around individual trees.   Variables and units are described in the readme.txt file. The dataset consists of two files: MANIP_MrPARTS_minirhizotron.csv      containing minirhizotron data on a per-image level. , we present these a metric of root cover in the individual images which we demonstrate in Nair 2019 is closely analogous to RLD (Root Length Density) at the site.  MANIP_MrPARTS_roots_direct.csv        containing root biomass and ingrowth core measurements. Some of these data were collected and all processed as part of the EC project 748893 'MrPARTS' awarded to Richard Nair.  We also thank the von Humbold Stiftung for financial support of the MaNiP project through the Max Planck research prize 2013 to Markus Reichstein

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Roots Carbon Dynamics in Temperate forest roots, Thuringia, Germany

These files contain radiocarbon, d13C, NSC concentrations, and CO2 efflux rates measured for aspen (Populus tremula hybrids) roots collected during 2018 growing season in the Großer Hermannsberg Mountain, Germany (50°42’50’’ N, 10°36’13’’ E, 616 m a.s.l). Coarse (> 2 mm) and fine (2 ≤ mm) roots collected from three 'treatments': before stem girdling (Pre-girdling), ~3 months after girdling (Girdling) and ~3 months after girdling but in un-girdled trees (Control). The files with the relevant results: '13C', '14C', 'CO2_efflux', 'NSC'. Few roots from the 'Pre-girdling' treatment were incubated for respiration measurements 7 d after harvest. The files with the relevant results: 'Repeated_incubations_isotopes', 'Repeated_incubations_fluxes'.  Results of incubations used for Q10 calculations presented in the file 'CO2_efflux_Q10'. Temperature and rainfall in the site during 2018 growing season are presented in the file 'Field_temperature_rainfall'. Results used to reconstruct local atmospheric D14C-CO2 record are presented in the file 'Local_atmospheric_CO2_D14C'. The file 'Metadata' contains information about the headers in the other files.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

From 'digital nomadism' to 'rooted digitalism'

Codebook along DDI standard, txt file.This article explores the interplay between digital work and mobility through a look at the career trajectories, remote work practices and im/mobilities of professionals in the information technology (IT) sector. We draw upon a qualitative study conductedwith IT professionals who work remotely for Swiss or Swiss-based international companies. IT professionals have been pioneers in practising virtual work long before the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis and have long engaged in various forms of mobility, including tourism and labour migration. A focus on their remote work and im/mobility practices can shed light on the possibilities and challenges of the virtualization of work, especially in the context of the pandemic. We discuss how geographical immobility, combined with digital technology, becomes important in building a career and a personal life, staying 'rooted' and reconstituting the boundaries between work and non-work.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Protosemitic Root Derivations

The dataset provided here culminated in a directed network graph (gexf), and is the result of a guided research seminar on Semitic Philology by Adam Anderson on behalf of Jason Moser, who at the time was a Ph.D. candidate at UC Berkeley in the spring of 2019. The primary focus of the resulting network graph was to show potential pathways for comparative linguistics within the Semitic languages, a branch of the Afro-asiatic language family, based on commonly shared roots and their etymologies.  When we concluded this study in 2019, the results were by no means finalized or conclusive, which means that many of the proposed root derivations in the graph are only a working hypothesis, and that there is a higher likelihood for inaccuracies that need to be corrected and supervised by specialists in each of these languages. We move ahead with a novel dataset publication, in order to put the results of this work in Wikidata lexemes, which in turn will allow for the scholarly curation and emendation to take place with attributions. Our use of the term Protosemitic is more in line with Common-Semitic, thereby expressing a working hypothesis for the original Protosemitic roots and lemmas and the most likely related roots in different Semitic languages. Whether a root is inherited from Semitic, borrowed from another language, a Wanderwort or loanword, we don't claim to know. That said, we are fairly certain that the majority of the data shared in this version are based on true roots, which can be substantiated in the list sources. While there is a longstanding series of dictionaries for Akkadian verbal roots (e.g. AHw, CDA, CAD, etc.), the nominal roots have yet to receive the same attention. We therefore consulted a list of sources and datasets, both published and unpublished, including John Huehnergard’s Semitic Philology 140 syllabus from 2008, which we include below. The next version of this dataset will include Q-item ids and references for the etymology claims in Wikidata. In preparation for the publication of this dataset in Wikidata, we worked closely with Timo Homburg, who helped formulate the claims and RDF tripple statements and uploaded the dataset as well. We would like to thank Timo for extending his time and skillsets to help make this data more accessible. <h1>Datasets:</h1> Network graph file: protosemitic_3996.gexf Semitic Root Derivations: SemiticRootDerivations.csv <h2>Network Properties for the Nodes:</h2> * Statistics generated in Gephi <ol> <li> Id = Hexadecimal with the first three letters corresponding to the source language (e.g. GEZ000018 is the 18th root in Ge’ez in our dataset) </li> <li> Label </li> <li> Lang_source </li> <li> In-Degree* </li> <li> Out-Degree* </li> <li> Degree* </li> <li> Weighted In-Degree* </li> <li> Weighted Out-Degree* </li> <li> Eccentricity* </li> <li> Closeness Centrality* </li> <li> Harmonic Closeness Centrality* </li> <li> Betweenness Centrality* </li> <li> Bridging Coefficient* </li> <li> Bridging Centrality* </li> <li> Authority* </li> <li> Hub* </li> <li> Modularity Class* </li> <li> PageRank* </li> <li> Component ID* </li> <li> Strongly-Connected ID* </li> </ol> <h2>Network Properties for the Edges:</h2> <ol> <li> Source = source ID </li> <li> Target = target ID </li> <li> Type = directed edges </li> <li> Id = simple integer count </li> <li> Label = blank </li> <li> Interval = blank </li> <li> Weight = 1 (if unmerged), or 2 (if merged) </li> <li> Lang_source = (proto-)Semitic </li> <li> Entry_source = lemma for (proto-)Semitic language (e.g. format: lemma[gloss]POS) </li> <li> Lang_target = Semitic language (e.g. geez = Ge’ez) </li> <li> Entry_target = lexeme for Semitic language (e.g. format: lemma[gloss]POS) </li> </ol> <h2>Semitic Root Derivations:</h2> <ol> <li> lang_from = source language (e.g. (proto-)Semitic) </li> <li> entry_from_id = unique ID (hexadecimal) for source language lemma </li> <li> entry_from = lemma for the source language </li> <li> PS-root = root derived from Protosemitic </li> <li> PS_Lid = Wikidata lexeme ID for the Protosemitic root (when applicable) </li> <li> lang_to = target language (e.g. geez) </li> <li> entry_to_id = unique ID (hexadecimal) for target language lemma </li> <li> entry_to = lemma for the target language </li> <li> Akk_root = most likely Akkadian root </li> <li> Akk_Lid = Wikidata lexeme ID for the Akkadian root (when applicable) </li> </ol> <h1>List of sources consulted:</h1> <ul> <li> Bennett, P. R. Comparative Semitic Linguistics. A Manual, 1998. </li> <li> Bergstrasser, G. Introduction to the Semitic Languages, 2 ed. 1983. </li> <li> Brockelmann, C. Review of Essai comparatif sur le vocabularie et la phonétique du Chamito-Sémitique, by M. Cohen (BiOr 7, 58-61), 1950. </li> <li> Cohen, E. Sentential Complementation in Akkadian (JAOS 122, 803-806), 2000. </li> <li> Cunchillos, J.-L. A Concordance of Ugaritic Words. Versiùn espaûola, 2003. </li> <li> Cunchillos, J.-L. The Texts of the Ugaritic Data Bank, 2003. </li> <li> del Olmo Lete, G. & Sanmartín, J. A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language (HdO 112), 2015. </li> <li> Demeke, G. Origin of Amharic (Afroasiatic Studies 3), 2014. </li> <li> Deutscher, G. & Kouwenberg, N.J.C. The Akkadian Language in its Semitic Context, (PIHANS 106), 2006. </li> <li> Fox, J. Semitic Noun Patterns (HVSS 52), 2013. </li> <li> Goetze, A. Sequence of Two Short Syllables in Akkadian (OrNS 16, 233-238), 1946. </li> <li> Gordon, C. H. Ugaritic Textbook (OA 38), 1965. </li> <li> Grebaut, Sylvain - Les Pluriels Brises des Formations Trilitteres Qetl, Qatl, Qatal. Cahiers Pour l'Enseignement, 1947. </li> <li> Hospers, J. H. ed. A Basic Bibliography for the Study of the Semitic Languages, Vol. 1, 1973. </li> <li> Huehnergard, J. (North-)West Semitic Dialectology, 2008. </li> <li> Huehnergard, J. & Woods, C. Akkadian and Eblaite (CEWAL 218-280) 2004. </li> <li> Huehnergard, J. Afro-Asiatic (CEWAL 138-159), 2004. </li> <li> Huehnergard, J. Analogical Change Handout, 2008. </li> <li> Huehnergard, J. Semitic Languages (CANE 4, 2117-34), 1995, </li> <li> Huehnergard, J. Semitic Philology 140 (Unpublished Course Outline), 2008. </li> <li> Huehnergard, J. Trees and Waves: On the Classification of the Semitic Languages, 2008 (preprint). </li> <li> Knudsen, E. - Stress in Akkadian (JCS 32, 3-16), 1980. </li> <li> Kogan and Krebernik (eds.). Etymological Dictionary of Akkadian, 2000. </li> <li> Kouwenberg, N.J.C. - Reflections on the Gt-Stem in Akkadian (ZA 95, 77-103) 2005. </li> <li> Krebernik, M. & Streck, M.P. Der Irrealis im Altbabylonischen (JBVO 5, 51-78), 2001. </li> <li> Lambdin, T. O. Introduction to Classical Ethiopic (Ge'ez) (HSS 24), 1978. </li> <li> Leslau's Geez Dictionary also has comparative notes for etymological purposes. </li> <li> Lipinski, E. Glossary of Selected Linguistic Terms (OLA 80, 575-592), 1997. </li> <li> Mankowski, P. V. Akkadian Loanwords in Biblical Hebrew (HVSS 47), 2000. </li> <li> Meyer, W. R. Zum Terminativ-Adverbialis im Akkadischen, die Modaladverbien auf -ish (OrNS 64 3, 161-186), 1995. </li> <li> Militarev, A. & Kogan, L. Semitic Etymological Dictionary, Vol. I: Anatomy of Man and Animals (AOAT 278/1), 2000. </li> <li> Militarev, A. & Kogan, L. Semitic Etymological Dictionary, Vol. II: Animal Names (AOAT 278/2), 2005. </li> <li> Moscati, S. et al. An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (PLO NS 6), 1964. </li> <li> Pennachietti, F. Un articolo prepositivo in neosudarabico (RSO 44, 285-293), 1969. </li> <li> Schniedewind, W.M. & Hunt, J.H. A Primer on Ugaritic, 2007. </li> <li> Soden, Wolfram von - Untersuchungen zur Babylonische Metrik, Teil 1 (ZA 71, 161-204), 1982; Teil 2 (ZA 74, 213-284), 1984. </li> <li> von Soden, W. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch (AHw). This dictionary has comparative notes, and an English version can be found in the Concise Dictionary of Akkadian (CDA) </li> <li> Weninger, Stefan, ed. - The Semitic Languages, An International Handbook (HSK 36), 2011. </li> <li> Whiting, R. M. The Dual Personal Pronouns in Akkadian (JNES 31, 331-337), 1972. </li> </ul>

openCC (other)Jan 2020View details →

Soil respiration from a mycorrhizal and root exclusion experiment at Toolik Lake Field Station and Anaktuvuk River Burn, Alaska in 2016

Organic soil from either the Anaktuvik severe burn or Toolik Lake were collected to test of effect of removal of mycorrhizae on decompositon of tundra at Toolik Lake and the Anaktuvuk Burn IN 2016. A licor 6400 with 6400-09 soil respiration chamber was used to measure soil respiration (efflux) from the cores on a weekly basis.

openCC (other)Sep 2025View details →

Biomass totals and root biomass (partitioned by percent of total leaf area) for species, tissue type, and functional group for the Arctic LTER experimental 1981 mesic acidic tussock tundra (MAT81) for the 2000 and 2015 harvests, Toolik Field Station, Alaska.

Whole plant biomass totals and root biomass (partitioned by percent of total leaf area) for species, tissue type, and functional group for the Arctic LTER experimental 1981 mesic acidic tussock tundra (MAT81) for the 2000 and 2015 harvests. Because most of the root biomass could not be identified to species in either 2000 or 2015, the calculation of root biomass and element content for roots not identified to species was estimated by the proportion of those species’ contributions to total leaf area. Specific Leaf Area (SLA = leaf area per gram leaf, centimeter squared per gram) values were available from several previous harvests of this experiment; in the present study, we used measurements from the 1995 harvest (Shaver et al. 2001).

openCC0Feb 2025View details →

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Fine Root Biomass and Chemistry

The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.

openCC (other)Jan 2019View details →

Mangrove soil phosphorus addition experiment from June 2013 to August 2013 at the mangrove peat soil mesocosms (FCE), Key Largo, Florida - Nutrients in Porewater, Soil and Roots

Sea levels in South Florida are conservatively predicted to rise by 0.60 m by 2060. The key mechanisms that maintain coastal peatland elevation against increasing sea level are organic matter accumulation via plant production and mineral sedimentation rates (Smoak et al. 2013). Although coastal mangrove soils are regularly inundated with seawater, little is know about the drivers of carbon sequestration (above or below ground) versus atmospheric efflux under different conditions of salinity and elevated phosphorus (P) associated with sea-level rise and storm surge. A recent study using mangrove peat soils found that seawater inundation reduced soil carbon efflux losses and salinity concentration had little effect on carbon retention or loss pathways. The next logical steps are to understand how plant-soil interactions affect above and below ground carbon processes, as well as how increases in P associated with storm surge from the Gulf of Mexico will influence physical, chemical and biological components of mangrove soils that are associated with above and belowground carbon processes. We will manipulate P in inundated peat soil mesocosms with disturbed and undisturbed red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) seedlings to identify some of the fundamental mechanisms of soil elevation and carbon cycling given expected increases in seawater-based P availability in South Florida coastal mangroves.

openCC (other)Jul 2025View details →

Root productivity of riverine and scrub mangroves from the Shark River Slough and Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, March 2024 - April 2024

Root productivity of riverine and scrub mangroves in the Florida Everglades: Mangrove root productivity in the shallow root zone (0-45 cm depth) was estimated at all Shark River (SRS-4, SRS-5, SRS-6, SRS-7) and Taylor River (TS/Ph-6, TS/Ph-7) sites in March-April 2024. Root productivity was estimated with the ingrowth core technique using the same sampling protocol previously published for the study area (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011). Ingrowth cores (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) were made of synthetic material (3 mm mesh) and filled with root-free commercial sphagnum peat moss. This material has similar soil properties (i.e., bulk density, organic matter content, total C and N) as mangrove peat in our study sites as previously reported by Castañeda-Moya et al. (2011). Ingrowth cores were installed in holes made out with a PVC coring device (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length). At each site, 8 ingrowth cores were deployed vertically into the soil to a depth of 45 cm and retrieved one year later (March-April 2024). After collection, ingrowth cores were processed individually and initially rinsed with water through a 1-mm screen mesh to remove soil particles and peat moss material. Live roots were separated manually based on their buoyancy, turgor, and color (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011; Cormier et al. 2015; Medina-Calderon et al. 2021). Live roots were further sorted into three size diameter classes including fine (<2 mm), small (2-5 mm), and coarse (5-20 mm). Roots greater than 20 mm in diameter were not included in this study due to sampling limitations (i.e., core area). All root samples were oven-dried at 60°C to a constant mass and weighed. Root growth within each ingrowth core following one year of incubation was used to estimate annual root productivity (g m⁻² yr⁻¹) in the shallow root zone across all mangrove sites. All data collection and processing were funded by FCE-LTER. Data collection is complete. References: Castañeda-Moya, E., R.R. Twilley, V.H. Rivera-

openCC (other)Jul 2025View details →

Root biomass, productivity, and turnover of riverine and scrub mangroves in the Everglades, Florida, USA, 2000-2006

Mangrove root biomass and productivity in the shallow (0-45 cm depth) and deeper (45-90 cm) root zones were estimated at Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) Program Shark River (SRS4, SRS5, SRS6) and Taylor River (TS/Ph6b, TS/Ph7b, TS/Ph8) mangrove sites during 2000-2006. Root biomass was estimated at all sites using a PVC coring device (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length). After collection, root cores from each zone were processed individually and initially rinsed with water through a 1-mm screen mesh to remove soil particles. Live roots were separated manually based on their buoyancy, turgor, and color. Live roots were further sorted into three size diameter classes including fine (<2 mm), small (2-5 mm), and coarse (5-20 mm). Roots greater than 20 mm in diameter were not included in this study due to sampling limitations (i.e., core area). All root samples were oven-dried at 60°C to a constant mass and weighed to estimate root biomass (g m-2). Root productivity was estimated with the ingrowth core technique (Vogt et al., 1998). Ingrowth cores (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) were made of synthetic material (3 mm mesh) and filled with root-free commercial sphagnum peat moss. This material has similar soil properties (i.e., bulk density, organic matter content, total C and N) as mangrove peat in our study sites. Ingrowth cores were installed in each of the cored holes formed during sampling of root biomass. At each site, ingrowth cores were deployed vertically into the soil and retrieved at one- and three-year intervals, and the subsequent root growth within the ingrowth core was used to estimate annual root production (g m-2 yr-1) in the shallow and deeper root zones across all mangrove sites. After collection, ingrowth cores were processed individually using the same protocol as for root biomass. Root turnover rate in the shallow root zone was calculated as root productivity divided by root biomass of each root size class at all site

openCC (other)Jan 2022View details →

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Droughtnet fine root production from ingrowth cores

To assess relative production of fine roots in droughted and reference plots that are part of the Hubbard Brook DroughtNet study, mesh-free root ingrowth (total depth 20cm) were installed during most study years. Multiple subplots for destructive soil measurements were reserved within plots 7 and 8, and just outside reference plots 1 and 2 in 2015. Fine root production is a component of NPP that is often not well measured in global change experiments. The ingrowth core methodology used may not perfectly represent belowground NPP in the surrounding intact soil, but should provide a reliable metric of relative differences among plots and over time. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.

openCC0Jan 2023View details →

RCS01 Recovery and relative influence of root, microbial, and structural properties of soil on physically sequestered carbon stocks in restored grassland at Konza Prairie

Managing soil to sequester C can help mitigate increasing CO2 in the atmosphere. To maximize this ecosystem service, more knowledge of factors influencing C sequestration is needed. The objectives of this study were to (i) quantify recovery of the roots, microbial biomass and composition, and soil structure across a chronosequence of grassland restorations and (ii) use a structural equation model to develop a data-based hypothesis on the relative influence of physical and biological soil properties on the soil C aggregate fraction diagnostic of sequestered C. We hypothesized measured variables would recover with restoration age. Belowground plant biomass and tissue quality (C/N ratio), soil microbial biomass C, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentrations, soil structure, and soil C stocks in the bulk soil and each aggregate fraction were quantified from a cultivated field, prairies restored for 1 to 35-yr (n = 6), and a never-cultivated (native) prairie. Root biomass, microbial biomass C, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFA biomass across the chronosequence increase to resemble native prairie following 35 yr of restoration. Many aspects of soil structure (i.e., bulk density, proportional mass of aggre- gate fractions, and aggregate mean weighted diameter) and the distribution C among soil fractions, including C in the micro-within-macro aggregate fraction (sequestered C), also became representative of native prairie within 35 yr of restoration. Total soil C stock and physically protected C increased at a similar rate (23 and 27 g C m-2 yr-1) respectively, across the chronosequence. After 35 yr of restoration, 50% of the total C pool was physically protected. The structural equation modeling developed by these data hypothesizes that microbial biomass C and AMF biomass (microbial composition) have the strongest causal influence on physically protected C. This model needs to be tested using independent sites to achieve greater inference.

openCC0Jan 2024View details →

PBB03 Belowground Plot Experiment: Belowground plot experiment: biomass and nutrient content of Roots

To address the potential interactive effects of fire, aboveground biomass removal, and nutrient amendments on above- and belowground responses, a long-term field experiment was initiated in 1986 as part of the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. The general goals of this experiment are: 1) to document both short- and long-term responses of plants and soils to fire, aboveground biomass removal (a surrogate for grazing in these small plots), and nutrient amendments (additions of N and/or P); and 2) to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying tallgrass prairie responses to fire, aboveground biomass removal and nutrient enrichment. Standing crops of live and dead grass roots(0.1 sq. m2 x 20cm deep samples) are taken in late summer periodically from 64 belowground plots. N and P content are determined on live and dead grass roots. N and P concentrations for forb roots are available for some plots in some years.

openCC (other)Dec 2021View details →

Deschampsia biomass, soil microbes and endophyte root colonization for snowmelt and microbial innoculation transplant experiment in the Green Lakes Valley, 2015-2018

As organisms shift their geographic distributions in response to climate change, biotic interactions have emerged as an important factor driving the rate and success of range expansions. Plant-microbe interactions are an understudied but potentially important factor governing plant range shifts. We studied the distribution and function of microbes present in high-elevation unvegetated soils, areas that plants are colonizing as climate warms, snow melts earlier and the summer growing season lengthens. Using a manipulative snowpack and microbial inoculation transplant experiment, we tested the hypothesis that growing season length and microbial community composition interact to control plant elevational range shifts. We predicted that a lengthening growing season combined with dispersal to patches of soils with more mutualistic microbes and fewer pathogenic microbes would facilitate plant survival and growth in previously unvegetated areas. We identified negative effects on survival of the common alpine bunchgrass Deschampsia cespitosa in both short and long growing seasons, suggesting an optimal growing season length for plant survival in this system that balances time for growth with soil moisture levels. Importantly, growing season length and microbes interacted to affect plant survival and growth, such that microbial community composition increased in importance in suboptimal growing season lengths. Further, plants grown with microbes from unvegetated soils grew as well or better than plants grown with microbes from vegetated soils. These results suggest that the rate and spatial extent of plant colonization of unvegetated soils in mountainous areas experiencing climate change could depend on both growing season length and soil microbial community composition, with microbes potentially playing more important roles as growing seasons lengthen.

openCC (other)Dec 2021View details →

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes root colonization in Upper Green Lakes Valley, 2007-2016

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) are two fungal groups that colonize plant roots and can benefit plant growth, but little is known about their landscape distributions. We performed sequencing and microscopy on a variety of plants across a high-elevation landscape featuring plant density, snowpack, and nutrient gradients. Percent colonization by both AMF and DSE varied significantly among plant species, and DSE colonized forbs and grasses more than sedges. AMF were more abundant in roots at lower elevation areas with lower snowpack and lower phosphorus and nitrogen levels, suggesting increased hyphal recruitment by plants to aid in nutrient uptake. DSE colonization was highest in areas with less snowpack and higher inorganic nitrogen levels, suggesting an important role for these fungi in mineralizing organic nitrogen. Both of these groups of fungi are likely to be important for plant fitness and establishment in areas limited by phosphorus and nitrogen.