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352 results for “Radiation effects”
Radiation-Induced Stem Cell Competition and Dose-Rate Effect
<p>A radiation biological effect of a given dose generally decreases with decreasing radiation dose rate, which is known as a “dose-rate effect”. The dose-rate effect demonstrated by many cellular and animal studies. Additionally, recent epidemiological study in high background radiation area in Kerala, India showed that cancer incidence did not increase with increasing cumulative dose (Jayalekshmi et al. Radiat Environ Med 2021). Tissue stem cells have been considered as a target of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. Radiation biological effect could be reduced if damaged stem cells are eliminated by stem cell competition. ICRP described that stem cell competition at the tissue level leaves an ample possibility for a dose-rate effective factor (DREF) value larger than unity, as in the case of the current dose and dose-rate effective factor (DDREF) value (ICRP Publication 131).</p> <p>Cells expressing Lgr5 are one of the major components of intestinal stem cells. Intestinal organoids are three-dimensional cultured tissue model generated from intestinal stem cells. To evaluate a radiation-induced stem cell competition, we established a quantitative method using mixed-organoid derived from two independent fluorescent protein-expressing Lgr5 stem cells, which one of stem cells were irradiated, for mimicking heterogeneous exposure under low-dose-rate irradiation. The organoid-forming potential (OFP) is one of the indices of the abilities of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. We found that irradiated stem cells exhibited a growth disadvantage in the mixed organoid, whereas the OFP of irradiated cells per se did not decrease significantly from that of non-irradiated cells.</p> <p>Additionally, we constructed a mathematical model to assess stem cell competition under low-dose-rate irradiation condition. In our model, a stem cell pool, containing a constant number of cells, was assumed, and changed through transition and turnover event. The intact cells turned into damaged cells through transition event which was assumed as the effect of radiation exposure. In the turnover event, a single cell was divided, and a single cell was eliminated from the stem cell pool. The probability of cell division and elimination depended on the properties of cells. The properties of damaged cells were different from that of intact cells. Under very low-dose-rate conditions, the radiation damage was suppressed when the damaged cells were less reproductive and tended to be eliminated compared to the intact cells.</p> <p>These results suggest the radiation-induced stem cell competition can be occurred in the intestine, and the stem-cell competition plays an important role in suppress carcinogenesis under low-dose-rate irradiation condition.</p>
Unified Understanding of Biological Effects Caused by Radiation: Overcoming LQM Difficulties
<p>We propose the Sea Saw (SS) model, which provides a unified description of the biological effect caused by radiation. This can be directly applied to clinic plans in radiotherapy and the basic formula for radioprotection. This can be replaced by the so-called LNT or LQM bases to describe the effects caused by radiation exposure and we can estimate exactly the effects of fractionation cases or we can directly take account of dose rate effect without any additional DDREF. This can be done by introducing the cell exclusion effect. The model is very simple and intuitively acceptable by expressing the dose-rate effect and can be easily extended to the radiation clinic cases and overcomes the difficulties of the standard method using LQM based BED. The calculated result of our model reproduces the existing data of the time dependence of the cancer volume during the cancer treatment measurement. We demonstrate that different initial volumes, namely for the cases where irradiation starts with a smaller initial volume is more effective than a larger volume. Especially if the cancer volume is almost full in the tissue, the radiation effect of the cancer treatment is very small. On the other hand, for the smaller initial volume, the cancer treatment is found to work more effectively to reduce the cancer volume. Using this model we can predict the time dependence of the cancer volume, and clarify how the effect of radiation therapy depends on the cancer stage on the starting time of the radiation treatment.</p> <p>After explaining the essential difference between our SS model and traditional LQ treatment with BED index, we would like to report the results of SS model by displaying the comparison of our prediction of the estimated results with the relevant new data from the radiation therapy sectional group of Osaka International and will report the comparison those with our prediction. We can also consider continuous but time-dependent irradiation cases and got interesting outcomes on the time dependence of the tumor volume for various clinic plans. Especially by choosing the value of the dose rate to be balanced with the total growth rate, the tumor volume is kept constant.</p> <p>Finally, I would like to emphasize that our SS model leads us not only with a unified description of radiation therapy but also indicates the misleading principle based on LNT or LQM hypothesis which is still adopted in the society of radiation protection.</p>
Effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols in E3SMv1
<p>This archive contains processed E3SMv1 simulation data documented the following manuscript: </p> <p>Zhang et al. (2021): Effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols in E3SMv1: historical changes, causality, decomposition, and parameterization sensitivities. In submission to Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. </p> <p>The E3SM maint-1.0 code (E3SM github hash 849d9ee, https://github.com/E3SM-Project/E3SM/tree/849d9ee1a4996e7bea9a6dcc53784259d8272ab8) used for nudged simulations was obtained from the E3SM project sponsored by the U.S.Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research.</p>
Multispecies MHD study of ion escape at ancient Mars: effects of an intrinsic magnetic field and solar XUV radiation
<p>This dataset contains the simulation results in the paper "Multispecies MHD study of ion escape at ancient Mars: effects of an intrinsic magnetic field and solar XUV radiation" submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics.</p>
Effects of variations of SUSY breaking scale on neutrino parameters at low energy scale under radiative corrections
<p>The paper addresses the effects of the variations of the SUSY breaking scale $m_s$ in the range (2-14) TeV on the three neutrino masses and mixings, in running the renormalization group equations (RGEs) for different input values of high energy seesaw scale $M_R$, in both normal and inverted hierarchical neutrino mass models. The present investigation is a continuation of the earlier works based on the variation of $m_s$ scale. Two approaches are adopted one after another - bottom-up approach for running gauge and Yukawa couplings from low to high energy scale, followed by the top-down approach from high to low energy scale for running neutrino parameters defined at high energy scale, along with gauge and Yukawa couplings. A self-complementarity relation among three mixing angles is also employed in the analysis. Significant effect due to radiative corrections on neutrino parameters with the variation of SUSY breaking scale $m_s$, is observed.</p>
Nowcast of Aerospace Ionizing Radiation System (NAIRAS) simulation of the effect of the 2024-05-11 coronal mass ejection and solar particle event on Earth's atmosphere
<p>The effect of the CME on the cutoff rigidity and the dose at different altitude as computed by NAIRAS.</p> <p>The neutron monitor data from OULU and the DSCOVR data for solar wind density and speed are put as a reference for when the Forbush decrease happens and when the CME arrives.</p> <p> </p> <p>The version 2 added files with shorter lead time before the CME arrival and bigger labels</p>
Constraining light absorption of brown carbon in China and implications for aerosol direct radiative effect
<p><span>B</span><span>rown carbon (</span><span>BrC) in China is of great interest to the regional and global climate due to its strong absorption of sunlight. However, </span><span>the contribution of BrC to total </span><span>carbonaceous </span><span>aerosol light absorption and its direct radiative effects (DRE) in China remains largely uncertain. To better assess its climate impact in China, we develop an explicit BrC scheme and implement it in a global climate model, which includes optical parameters of primary BrC derived from local measurements, secondary BrC absorption, and a photobleaching parameterization of BrC. By comparing with multi-type observational data, we find that with the implementation of this scheme, the model captures the seasonal variations of BrC light absorption well in China. The model estimates that </span><span>BrC contributes </span><span>19</span><span>% and </span><span>12</span><span>% to the total light absorption of carbonaceous aerosol in China in winter and summer, resulting in 0.</span><span>110</span><span> W m<sup>-2</sup> and 0.</span><span>205</span><span> W m<sup>-2</sup> of DRE, respectively.<span> </span></span></p>
Insightful studies of AuCu nanostructures deposited on Ti platform: Effect of rapid thermal annealing on photoelectrochemical activity supported by synchrotron radiation studies
<p>The following dataset contains research data that is the basis of the research article:</p> <p>"Insightful studies of AuCu nanostructures deposited on Ti platform: Effect of rapid thermal annealing on photoelectrochemical activity supported by synchrotron radiation studies"</p> <p>Contents of the package are the following:</p> <p>a) Experimental results of UV-vis absorbance for A-10AuCu/TiND, V-10AuCu/TiND, AR-10AuCu/TiND, H-10AuCu/TiND</p> <p>b) Linear voltammetry carried out in 0.1 M NaOH for A-10AuCu/TiND, V-10AuCu/TiND, AR-10AuCu/TiND, H-10AuCu/TiND (dark/vis)</p> <p>c) XAS for A-10AuCu/TiND and H-10AuCu/TiND</p> <p>d) XPS for A-10AuCu/TiND, V-10AuCu/TiND, AR-10AuCu/TiND, H-10AuCu/TiND</p>
Radiation Effects on Satellites during Extreme Space Weather Events (pre-publication dataset)
<p>Data for submitted paper entitled "Radiation Effects on Satellites during Extreme Space Weather Events".</p> <p>Submitted to AGU Space Weather.</p> <p> </p>
Large simulated radiative effects of smoke in the south-east Atlantic: supporting data
<p>Datasets required to reproduce key figures from journal article acp-2018-305. Contact corresponding author for further information.</p> <p>In the filenames, 'BB' indicates simulation results with biomass burning aerosol, 'noBB' without, and 'noAA' are simulations without absorbing effects of aerosol. The 300x300 regional domain is a rotated pole centred on 10S, 12W.</p>
Model source code, modified model code, and all scripts of the paper "A comprehensive estimate of the anthropogenic aerosol radiative effects using the GAMIL model with reduced complexity".
<p>Model source code, modified model code, and all scripts of the paper "A comprehensive estimate of the anthropogenic aerosol radiative effects using the GAMIL model with reduced complexity".</p>
Model source code, simulation results, and all scripts for the paper "A comprehensive estimate of the anthropogenic aerosol radiative effects using the GAMIL model with reduced complexity".
<p>FigureTable_Scripts.rar is NCL scripts used for figures and tables. <br> Model_Scripts.rar is the modified model code and scripts used for running model.<br> models.rar is the GAMIL model source code.<br> ModelResults.rar is the model results. Note that only the variables used for making plots.</p>
Model output data for Xueyi Jing et al., "A Scheme of Sea Surface Upward Longwave Radiation with Sea Spray Layer Effect"
<p>CESM Model output data used in "A Scheme of Sea Surface Upward Longwave Radiation with Sea Spray Layer Effect" .</p> <p> </p> <p>Seasonal files were derived from monthly outputs by CDO. "F2000_f09_CTL*******" are results for control run, "F2000_f09_LW_Test1*******" are results for sensitivity experiment. </p>
The Mother's Day solar storm of 11 May 2024 and its effect on Earth's radiation belts.
<p>The dataset presneted here are used in "The Mother’s Day solar storm of 11 May 2024 and its effect on<br>Earth’s radiation belts." <br><br>EPT files (ept_protons_x and ept_electrons_x) contain the differential flux observed by the energetic particle telescope (EPT) averaged in L-time bins (0.25L - 6 hours) from May 1st 2024 to June 30th 2024, where L is the McIlwain parameter. This averages are performed for each energy chanel of the EPT (6 for electrons and 10 for protons). Differential fluxes are given in [(s cm² sr MeV)^-1].</p> <p>Similar to the EPT files, the POES files contain electrons and proton fluxes from the MEPED instrument on board MetOp3 averaged on the same grid as the EPT fluxes. In this case proton fluxes are differential fluxes in units of [(s cm² sr keV)^-1] whereas electron fluxes are integral fluxes in units of [(s cm² sr)^-1].</p> <p>GOES file contains the integral proton fluxes observed by GOES from May 1st to June 30th 2024. Proton fluxes are given in [(s cm²)^-1].</p> <p>The nmdb file contains the count rates from ground based neutron monitors retrieved from the neutron monitor database.</p> <p>Note that PROBA-V/EPT data are publicly available on the Space Situational Awareness website of ESA https://swe.ssa.esa.int/space-radiation. POES data are available on https://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/sem/poes/data. GOES on https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/goes-proton-flux and OMNI on https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/html/ow_data.html</p>
Distinct Roles of Land Cover in Regulating Spatial Variabilities of Temperature Responses to Radiative Effects of Aerosols and Clouds
<p>Dataset of drawing figures in work 'Distinct Roles of Land Cover in Regulating Spatial Variabilities of Temperature Responses to Radiative Effects of Aerosols and Clouds'.</p> <p>Dataset File List </p> <p>1. Present_Day_Variables.nc : global spatial distributions of radiative forcing, climate sensitivity and temperature response </p> <p>2. Regional_Variables.xlsx : regional data of radiative forcing, climate sensitivity and temperature response</p> <p>3. Aerosol_Burdens.nc : monthly aerosol burdens (atmospheric column concentration) of ten simulation cases </p> <p>4. Aerosol_Burdens_README.txt : dimensional descriptions of Aerosol_Burdens.nc</p> <p>5. Monthly_Radiation.nc : monthly radiation variables of PD simulation for testing model performance</p> <p>6. Monthly_Radiation_README.txt : dimensional descriptions of Monthly_Radiation.nc</p> <p> </p>
daleihao/Topographic_Effects: Codes and data for GMD paper "A Parameterization of Sub-grid Topographical Effects on Solar Radiation in the E3SM Land Model (Version 1.0): Implementation and Evaluation Over the Tibetan Plateau"
<p>Codes and data to reproduce all results and plot all figures for GMD paper "A Parameterization of Sub-grid Topographical Effects on Solar Radiation in the E3SM Land Model (Version 1.0): Implementation and Evaluation Over the Tibetan Plateau"</p>
Forcing, cloud feedbacks, cloud masking, and internal variability in the cloud radiative effect satellite record (Data)
<p>README file for ERA5-PRP datasets used in:</p> <p>Raghuraman et al., 2023, Journal of Climate,<br> "Forcing, cloud feedbacks, cloud masking, and internal variability in the cloud radiative effect satellite record"</p> <p>Point of Contact: Shiv Priyam Raghuraman, shivr@alumni.princeton.edu</p> <p>30 ERA5-PRP files:</p> <p>2 files: '2000_2020-allsky_small.nc' and '2000_2020-clearsky_small.nc'</p> <ul> <li>all input quantities varying</li> </ul> <p>2 files: 'clim-allsky-clim-var-all.nc' and 'clim-clearsky-clim-var-all.nc'</p> <ul> <li>all input quantities at climatology</li> </ul> <p>13 files: 'clim-var'</p> <ul> <li>Input quantity X at climatology, rest varying</li> <li>X = clouds, q, fal, skt, t, ghg, or o3. Fluxes computed in clear-sky and all-sky, apart from clouds which will only have all-sky.</li> </ul> <p>13 files: 'clim-except-var'</p> <ul> <li>Input quantity X varying, rest at climatology</li> <li>X = clouds, q, fal, skt, t, ghg, or o3. Fluxes computed in clear-sky and all-sky, apart from clouds which will only have all-sky.</li> </ul> <p>Other datasets:</p> <p>GFDL AM4 AMIP and Control<br> https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784726</p> <p>CMIP6 Control, Historical, RFMIP<br> Downloaded from ESGF</p>
Data - A Functionalized Monte Carlo 3D Radiative Transfer Model: Radiative Effects of Clouds over Reflecting Surfaces
<p>Data and scripts associated with the article "A Functionalized Monte Carlo 3D Radiative Transfer Model: Radiative Effects of Clouds over Reflecting Surfaces"</p>
Effect of Chemotherapy and Radiation Prior to Surgery for Triple Negative Breast Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00603408. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 16.
Memantine in Preventing Side Effects in Patients Undergoing Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases From Solid Tumors
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00566852. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.