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136 results for “Radula”
Fig. 3 in Five new species of the land snail genus Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 (Gastropoda, Camaenidae) from northeastern Thailand, with note on genitalia and radula morphology of Landouria diplogramma (Möllendorff, 1902)
Fig. 3. External shell morphology of Landouria spp. from northeastern Thailand. A. Landouria circinata sp. nov., holotype (NHMSU-00023). B. L. tuberculata sp. nov., holotype (NHMSU-00025). C. L. trochomorphoides sp. nov., holotype (NHMSU-00027). D. L. chloritoides sp. nov., holotype (NHMSU-00029). E. L. elegans sp. nov., holotype (NHMSU-00032). F. L. diplogramma (Möllendorff, 1902) comb. nov. (NHMSU-00034). Scale bar = 10 mm.
Fig. 1 in Five new species of the land snail genus Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 (Gastropoda, Camaenidae) from northeastern Thailand, with note on genitalia and radula morphology of Landouria diplogramma (Möllendorff, 1902)
Fig. 1. Schematic drawings of shell indicating how the number of whorls was counted and how the measurements were taken. Abbreviations: AH = aperture height; AW = aperture width; SH = shell height; SW = shell width; UW = umbilicus width.
Fig. 4 in Five new species of the land snail genus Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 (Gastropoda, Camaenidae) from northeastern Thailand, with note on genitalia and radula morphology of Landouria diplogramma (Möllendorff, 1902)
Fig. 4. Living adults of Landouria spp. from northeastern Thailand. A. Landouria circinata sp. nov. B. L. tuberculata sp. nov. C. L. trochomorphoides sp. nov. D. L. chloritoides sp. nov. E. L. elegans sp. nov. F. L. diplogramma (Möllendorff, 1902) comb. nov. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Fig. 6. Radula. A–C in New species from a 'lost world': Sulawesidrobia (Caenogastropoda, Tateidae) from ancient Lake Matano, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Fig. 6. Radula. A–C. Sulawesidrobia wilsoni sp. nov. D. S. carsonae sp. nov. E. S. ehrlichi sp. nov. F. S. crutzeni sp. nov. G–H. S. dinersteini sp. nov. Note different shapes of denticles on central and lateral teeth across species. Arrows indicate enlarged denticle on marginal tooth 1 in S. wilsoni sp. nov. Scale bars: A, C–G = 10 µm; B, H = 5 µm.
Fig. 1 in The identity of the carrageenophyte red alga Sarcothalia radula (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta)
Fig. 1. Lectotype of Fucus radula: Esper (1802: pl. CXIII).
Table 1 in The identity of the carrageenophyte red alga Sarcothalia radula (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta)
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Specimens sequenced in this study. Samples are ordered by species name and then by collection date. All vouchers are lodged at the herbarium of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (WELT). Sequences downloaded from GenBank are available in Appendix 1.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><th>Location</th><th>Coordinates</th><th>Date</th><th>Collector</th><th>Voucher no.</th><th>GenBank no.</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>‘ <i>Gigartina</i> ’ <i>atropurpurea</i></th><td>Island Bay, Wellington, North Island, NZ</td><td>41.3508°S, 174.7727°E</td><td>26 Nov 2000</td><td><i>G. Williams ASA414</i></td><td>A024821A-B</td><td>OP086042</td></tr><tr><td>Blackfellows Caves, South Australia, AU</td><td>37.9245°S, 140.4516°E</td><td>6 Apr 2002</td><td><i>L.E. Phillips ASZ097</i></td><td>A034567</td><td>OP086043</td></tr><tr><td>Henderson Point, Great Exhibition Bay, NZ</td><td>34.7341°S, 173.1111°E</td><td>27 Oct 2003</td><td><i>W.A. Nelson, T.J. Farr, J. Sutherland ASD237</i></td><td>A023789A-B</td><td>OP086044</td></tr><tr><td>Bicheno Wharf, Tasmania, AU</td><td>41.8737°S, 148.3109°E</td><td>2 Dec 2007</td><td><i>J. Buchanan ASZ311</i></td><td>A034594</td><td>OP086045</td></tr><tr><th><i>Sarcothalia circumcincta</i></th><td>Stewart Island/Ringaringa, NZ</td><td>46.9035°S, 168.1435°E</td><td>17 Oct 2001</td><td><i>W.A. Nelson, T.J. Farr, J. Sutherland ASB425</i></td><td>A026351</td><td>OP086046</td></tr><tr><td>Epigwait, Auckland Island, NZ</td><td>50.7905°S, 166.0565°E</td><td>13 Feb 2012</td><td><i>S. Wilcox ASM067</i></td><td>A034569</td><td>OP086047</td></tr><tr><th><i>Sarcothalia radula</i></th><td>Charleston, Constant Bay, NZ</td><td>41.9033°S, 171.4333°E</td><td>10 Mar 2000</td><td><i>W.A. Nelson, T.J. Farr, L. Russell ASA148</i></td><td>A024951</td><td>OP086048</td></tr><tr><td>Chancet Rocks, NZ</td><td>41.8447°S, 174.1858°E</td><td>18 Dec 2000</td><td><i>W.A. Nelson, T.J. Farr, G. Williams ASA453</i></td><td>A024825A-D</td><td>OP086049</td></tr><tr><td>The Neck, Stewart Island/ Ringaringa, NZ</td><td>46.951°S, 168.1755°E</td><td>19 Oct 2001</td><td><i>W.A. Nelson, T.J. Farr, J. Sutherland ASB501</i></td><td>A026296</td><td>OP086050</td></tr><tr><td>Musgrave Inlet, Auckland Island, NZ</td><td>50.6686°S, 166.1782°E</td><td>10 Feb 2004</td><td><i>F. Smith ASE311</i></td><td>A031680</td><td>OP086051, OP086052</td></tr><tr><td>Masked Island, Auckland Islands, NZ</td><td>50.8433°S, 166.0264°E</td><td>13 Feb 2004</td><td><i>F. Smith ASE316</i></td><td>A031679</td><td>OP086053</td></tr><tr><td>Beeman Point, Campbell Island, NZ</td><td>52.5506°S, 169.1523°E</td><td>13 Feb 2013</td><td><i>W.A. Nelson ASF042</i></td><td>A034573/A</td><td>OP086054</td></tr><tr><td>Chalky Inlet, Fiordland, NZ</td><td>45.9767°S, 166.5862°E</td><td>14 Dec 2019</td><td><i>G. Keeler-May AST503</i></td><td>A034575</td><td>OP086055</td></tr></tbody></table>
Fig. 3 in Discovery of an overlooked Helicarionid land snail (Helicarionidae: Durgellinae) from northeastern Thailand, with description of a new genus and new species, and note on radula morphology and genital system
Fig. 3. Aenigmatoconcha clivicola, new species, holotype (NHMSU-0013).
3D model radula of Gastropteron rubrum
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The molluscan feeding structure is the radula, a chitinous membrane with teeth, which are highly adapted to the food and the substrate to which the food is attached. In Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda, the handling of hard ingesta can be facilitated by high content of chemical compounds containing Fe or Si in the tooth cusps. Other taxa, however, possess teeth that are less mineralized, even though animals have to avoid structural failure or high wear during feeding as well. Here, we investigated the gastropod <em>Gastropteron rubrum</em>, feeding on hard Foraminifera, diatoms and Porifera. Tooth morphologies and wear were documented by scanning electron microscopy and their mechanical properties were tested by nanoindentation. We determined, that gradients of hard- and stiffness run along each tooth, decreasing from cusp to basis. We also found, that inner lateral teeth are harder and stiffer than the outer ones. These findings allowed us to propose hypotheses about the radula-ingesta interaction. In search for the origins of the gradients, teeth were visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy, to determine the degree of tanning, and analyzed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, to test the elemental composition. We found that the mechanical gradients do not have their origins in the elemental content, as the teeth did not contain high proportions of metals or other minerals, which indicates that their origin might in the degree of tanning. However, in the tooth surfaces, which interact with the ingesta, high Si and Ca content was determined, which is likely an adaptation to reduce wear.</span></p>
Convergent evolution of failure- and wear-prevention in radulae of rock-scraping land snails (Chondrinidae, Gastropoda)
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3D model radula of Gastropteron rubrum
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FIGURE 34. Radula. A in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 34. Radula. A. Latirus pictus, ratio of the width of the base by the width of the edge of rachidian is one (char. 52: 0). B. Fusolatirus bruijnii, ratio is less than 1 and more than 1/2 (char. 52: 1). C. Fusinus serotinus, ratio is 1/2 or less (char. 52: 2). Abbreviations: ral, radula lateral; rar, radula rachidian. Scales= 20 µm.
FIGURE 42. Radula. A in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 42. Radula. A. Amiantofusus candoris, radula, lateral base straight (char. 61: 0). B. Polygona angulata, lateral base curved (char. 61: 1). Abbreviations: ral, radula lateral. Scales= 10 µm.
FIGURE 40. Radula. A in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)
FIGURE 40. Radula. A. Hemipolygona armata, lateral cusps curved inward (char. 59: 0). B. Dolicholatirus cayohuesonicus, cusps curved outward (char. 59: 1). Abbreviations: ral, radula lateral. Scales A= 10 µm, B= 3 µm.
FIGURE 9. Hoplodoris desmoparypha CASIZ 309550. Radula, scanning electron micrographs. A in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus
FIGURE 9. Hoplodoris desmoparypha CASIZ 309550. Radula, scanning electron micrographs. A. Jaw rodlets; B. Central teeth; C. Mid-lateral teeth; D. Outer lateral teeth.
FIGURE 16. Bulbophyllum radula J.J in Sixteen new species of Bulbophyllum section Polymeres (Orchidaceae) from New Guinea
FIGURE 16. Bulbophyllum radula J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel. a. Habit. b. Flower. c. Flower analysis, from left to right: median sepal, petal, lateral sepal, lip. d. Petal. e. Lip, left: adaxial side, right: abaxial side. f. Column and lip, lateral view. g. Column, frontal view. h. Anther, above: adaxial side, below: abaxial side. i. Pollinia, left: two pairs, right: one pair. Drawn from Reeve 762 by © J.J. Vermeulen, from herbarium material.
Data from: Integrative taxonomy resolves the cryptic and pseudo-cryptic Radula buccinifera complex (Porellales: Jungermanniopsida), including two reinstated and five new species
Molecular data from three chloroplast markers resolve individuals attributable to Radula buccinifera in six lineages belonging to two subgenera, indicating the species is polyphyletic as currently circumscribed. All lineages are morphologically diagnosable, but one pair exhibits such morphological overlap that they can be considered cryptic. Molecular and morphological data justify the re-instatement of a broadly circumscribed ecologically variable R. strangulata, of R. mittenii, and the description of five new species. Two species Radula mittenii Steph. and R. notabilis sp. nov. are endemic to the Wet Tropics Bioregion of north-east Queensland, suggesting high diversity and high endemism might characterise the bryoflora of this relatively isolated wet-tropical region. Radula demissa sp. nov. is endemic to southern temperate Australasia, and like R. strangulata occurs on both sides of the Tasman Sea. Radula imposita sp. nov. is a twig and leaf epiphyte found in association with waterways in New South Wales and Queensland. Another species, R. pugioniformis sp. nov., has been confused with Radula buccinifera but was not included in the molecular phylogeny. Morphological data suggest it may belong to subg. Odontoradula. Radula buccinifera is endemic to Australia including Western Australia and Tasmania, and to date is known from south of the Clarence River on the north coast of New South Wales. Nested within R. buccinifera is a morphologically distinct plant from Norfolk Island described as R. anisotoma sp. nov. Radula australiana is resolved as monophyletic, sister to a species occurring in east coast Australian rainforests, and nesting among the R. buccinifera lineages with strong support. The molecular phylogeny suggests several long-distance dispersal events may have occurred. These include two east-west dispersal events from New Zealand to Tasmania and south-east Australia in R. strangulata, one east-west dispersal event from Tasmania to Western Australia in R. buccinifera, and at least one west-east dispersal from Australia to New Zealand in R. australiana. Another west-east dispersal event from Australia to Norfolk Island may have led to the budding speciation of R. anisotoma. In contrast, Radula demissa is phylogeographically subdivided into strongly supported clades either side of the Tasman Sea, suggesting long distance dispersal is infrequent in this species.
FIGURE 3. Radulae and shells from Harpeth River pleurocerids. A. Li in A new species of " Lithasia " (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Pleuroceridae) from the Harpeth River, Tennessee, U. S. A.
FIGURE 3. Radulae and shells from Harpeth River pleurocerids. A. Li. armigera laterals from The Narrows of the Harpeth State Park. B. Laterals from "Li." spicula, holotype NCSM 26807. Scale bars, 50 m. C. "Li." spicula, holotype NCSM 26807, 31 mm.
FIGURE 6. Sinezona cingulata radula AMS 380705 in A new species of Scissurella from the Azores with discussions on Sinezona semicostata Burnay & Rolán, 1990 and Sinezona cingulata (O. G. Costa, 1861) (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Scissurellidae)
FIGURE 6. Sinezona cingulata radula AMS 380705. Ceuta, Anse Sachel, Caseme del Reine, Spain 35.88º N, 5.30ºW. A. Central section, scale bar = 20 µm. B. Close up of rachidian, lateral teeth and marginals, scale bar =10 µm. C. Full radula, scale bar = 250 µm.
FIGURE 10. Radulae. A, B in An annotated catalogue and bibliography of the taxonomy, synonymy and distribution of the Recent Vetigastropoda of South Africa (Mollusca)
FIGURE 10. Radulae. A, B, Tibatrochus cf. incertus (Schepman, 1908), scale bars 100 Μm and 25 Μm respectively (NMSA E331). C, D, Skenea fuscomaculata (G.B. Sowerby (III), 1892), scale bars 50 Μm and 20 Μm respectively (NMSA V357). E, F, Zetela turbynei (Barnard, 1963), scale bars 250 Μm and 100 Μm respectively (NMSA V5510).
FIGURE 4. Radula smithii. A, I. Habit, ventral view. B, G in Two new Neotropical taxa of Radula Dumort. (Marchantiophyta: Radulaceae) with bordered leaves
FIGURE 4. Radula smithii. A, I. Habit, ventral view. B, G. Cladographs of plants. C. Cross section of a leaf lobe, showing thick-walled, large, pigmented cells at leaf margin. D. Marginal leaf cells. E. Median leaf cells. F. Basal leaf cells. H. Leaves in dorsal view. J. Cross section of a stem (A, H, I= 1000 µm; C, J= 50 µm; D–F= 25 µm; A-J from the holotype). Drawing made by F. R. Oliveira-da-Silva and A. L. Ilkiu-Borges.
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