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91 results for “Repellents”
Zebras of all stripes repel biting flies at close range
<p>The best-supported hypothesis for why zebras have stripes is that stripes repel biting flies. While this effect is well-established, the mechanism behind it remains elusive. Myriad hypotheses have been suggested, but few experiments have helped narrow the field of possible explanations. In addition, the complex visual features of real zebra pelage and the natural range of stripe widths have been largely left out of experimental designs. In paired-choice field experiments in a Kenyan savannah, we found that hungry Stomoxys flies released in an enclosure strongly preferred to land on uniform tan impala pelts over striped zebra pelts but exhibited no preference between the pelts of the zebra species with the widest stripes and the narrowest stripes. Our findings confirm that zebra stripes repel biting flies under naturalistic conditions and do so at close range (suggesting that several of the mechanisms hypothesized to operate at a distance are unnecessary for the fly-repulsion effect) but indicate that interspecific variation in stripe width is associated with selection pressures other than biting flies.</p>
Zebras of all stripes repel biting flies at close range
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Figure 4. - Nest defending postures of Xylocopanasalis; Defending posture tactics performed by females Xylocopanasalis to repel other conspecifics in the aggregated nesting site. The bee blocking the entrance via protruding her head out from the nest entrance (4a). Guarding the entrance by using the dorsal side of her metasoma to block the invaders (4b).
Figure 4. - Nest defending postures of Xylocopanasalis; Defending posture tactics performed by females Xylocopanasalis to repel other conspecifics in the aggregated nesting site. The bee blocking the entrance via protruding her head out from the nest entrance (4a). Guarding the entrance by using the dorsal side of her metasoma to block the invaders (4b).
Data from "Toward vanishing droplet friction on repellent surfaces"
<p>Data, examples of raw experimental movies, and MATLAB codes from "Toward vanishing droplet friction on repellent surfaces", Backholm et al. PNAS (2024). Please see the README files for all details about the files. The datasets needed to plot Figs. 1C, 2C, 3C, 4F, 4G, 5A, 5D, and 5E of the article are published in the SI file of the PNAS paper.</p>
Spatial Repellency Effects of Taiwanese Plant Oils on the Biting Midge Forcipomyia taiwana
<p>Raw data for journal. S1=GCMS top 20. S2=Y-tube olfactometer raw data. RawData.zip = Raw GCMS data, all of it.</p>
Optokinetic response in D. Melanogaster reveals the nature of common repellent odorants
<p>Pre-processed data for the paper "Optokinetic response in D. Melanogaster reveals the nature of common repellent odorants" by Menti et al. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73221-1)</p>
Fig. 1 in Insecticidal and repellent action of pogostone against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Fig. 1. Structure of pogostone.
Figure 1 in Field Test for Repellency of Cedarwood Oil and Cedrol to Little Fire Ants
Figure 1. Treated chopstick placement on a macadamia tree branch.
FIGURE 3 in Attack and defense in a gamasid-oribatid mite predator-prey experiment - sclerotization outperforms chemical repellency
FIGURE 3: Body size and mass of adults and tritonymphs of Archegozetes longisetosus. Stars indicate significant differences (Welch two-sample t-test, ***p<0.001).
FIGURE 1 in Attack and defense in a gamasid-oribatid mite predator-prey experiment - sclerotization outperforms chemical repellency
FIGURE 1: Consumption [%] of the predatory mite Stratiolaelaps miles feeding on differently treated adults and tritonymphs of Archegozetes longisetosus (armed= control group; disarmed= hexane treated specimens). Stars indicate significant differences (Mann-Whitney-U-test, ***p<0.001).
FIGURE 2 in Attack and defense in a gamasid-oribatid mite predator-prey experiment - sclerotization outperforms chemical repellency
FIGURE 2: Normalized amount of defensive secretion of attacked and control group Archegozetes longisetosus. Stars indicate significant differences (Mann-Whitney-U-test, ***p<0.001).
A deep learning and digital archaeology approach for mosquito repellent discovery
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Generation of a chromosome-scale genome assembly of the insect-repellant terpenoid-producing Lamiaceae species, Callicarpa americana
<p>Background: Plants exhibit wide chemical diversity due to production of specialized metabolites which function as pollinator attractants, defensive compounds, and signaling molecules. Lamiaceae (mints) are known for their chemodiversity and have been cultivated for use as culinary herbs and as sources of insect repellents, health-promoting compounds, and fragrance. Findings: We report the chromosome-scale genome assembly of <em>Callicarpa americana</em> L. (American beautyberry), a species within the early diverging Callicarpoideae clade of the Lamiaceae, known for its metallic purple fruits and use as an insect repellent due to its production of terpenoids. Using long reads and Hi-C scaffolding, we generated a 506.1 Mb assembly spanning 17 pseudomolecules with an N50 contig and N50 scaffold size of 7.5 Mb and 29.0 Mb, respectively. A total of 32,164 genes was annotated including 53 candidate terpene synthases and 47 putative clusters of specialized metabolite biosynthetic pathways. Whole genome duplication analyses revealed three putative events, which together with local tandem duplication events, contributed to gene family expa, American beautyberransion of terpene synthases. Kolavenyl diphosphate is a gateway to many of <em>C. americana</em>'s bioactive terpenoids; experimental validation confirmed that CamTPS2 encodes kolavenyl diphosphate synthase. Syntenic analyses with <em>Tectona grandis</em> L. f. (teak), a member of the Tectonoideae clade of Lamiaceae known for exceptionally strong wood resistant to insects, revealed 963 collinear blocks and 21,297 <em>C. americana</em> syntelogs. Conclusions: Access to the <em>C. americana</em> genome provides a roadmap for rapid discovery of genes encoding plant-derived agrichemicals and a key resource to understand the evolution of chemical diversity in Lamiaceae. </p> <p> </p>
Safety of a topical insect repellent (picaridin) during community mass use for malaria control in rural Cambodia
<p>Raw data table (sheet 2) and description of variable names (sheet 1) of the perceived side effects data from the mass use of picaridin in rural Cambodia, associated with table 5 and figure 4 in the manuscript.</p>
Repelling restart potential -- reproducibility and additional figures
<p>Files:<br> repelling.zip (contains experimental data (logs of ioh for each tested configuration)<br> repelling_code.zip (contains all source code for running the experiments & additional figures)</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Repellency of 41 plant species to citrus psyllids
<p>Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating citrus disease worldwide. The organism associated with the disease is spread by an insect vector, <i>Diaphorina citri, </i>commonly known as Asian citrus psyllid (ACP)<i>. </i>Current management of HLB relies either on physical removal of the infected plants or on chemical control of ACP. Both methods are costly and not overly effective. In addition, public concerns regarding insecticide residues in fruit have greatly increased in recent years. It has been hypothesized that plant volatiles could act as repellents to ACP, thus reduce the incidence of HLB. To test this hypothesis, the repellency of fresh tissues of 41 aromatic plant species to ACP was investigated. The repellency of individual species was determined using a Y-tube olfactometer. Our results showed that volatiles of five plant species were highly effective in repelling ACP with repellency as much as 76%. Among these, the tree species, <i>Camptotheca acuminate, a</i>nd the two shrubs<i>, Lantana camara</i> and <i>Mimosa bimucronata, </i>could potentially be planted as a landscape barrier<i>.</i> The two herbs, <i>Capsicum annuum </i>and<i> Gynura bicolor, </i>could potentially be used as interplantings in orchards. This is the first time that the repellency of fresh tissues from a diverse range of plant species to ACP has been determined. Although further field evaluation of various interplanting regimes and landscape barriers are needed to assess their effectiveness<i>,</i> our results showed that these aromatic species, being highly repellent to ACP, offer great potential as more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable alternatives to the current methods of managing HLB.</p>
Data from: A phantom ultrasonic insect chorus repels low-flying bats, but most are undeterred
<p><b>Abstract</b></p> <p>1. The acoustic environment can serve as a niche axis, structuring animal behaviour by providing or obscuring salient information. Meadow katydid choruses occupy the ultrasonic, less studied, realm of this acoustic milieu, form dense populations in some habitats, and present a potential sensory challenge to co-occurring ultrasonic-hearing animals. Aerial-hawking insectivorous bats foraging immediately over vegetation must listen for echoes of their prey and other cues amidst the chorus din.</p> <p>2. We experimentally created the cacophony of a katydid chorus in a katydid-free rice paddy using an aggregation of 100 ultrasonic speakers in a 25 x 25 m grid to test the hypothesis that aerially hawking bats are averse to this noise source. We alternated between chorus-on and chorus-off hourly, and acoustically monitored bat activity and arthropod prey abundance.</p> <p>3. We found that our phantom katydid chorus reduced bat activity nearest the sound source by 39.3% (95% CI: 7.8 - 60.0%) for species whose call spectrum fully overlapped with the chorus, and elicited marginal reductions in activity in species with only partial spectral overlap.</p> <p>4. Our study suggests that ultrasonic insect choruses degrade foraging habitat, potentially suppressing bats' ecosystem services as consumers of pests; and, given the global distribution of meadow katydids, may provide an underappreciated force modifying animal behaviour in other grassland habitats.</p>
Excito-repellent and Pesticide-likeness properties of essential oils on Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fabricius) (Nitidulidae) and Oryzaephilus mercator (L.) (Silvanidae)
<p>The published data support the findings of the study "<strong>Excito-repellent and Pesticide-likeness properties of essential oils on <em>Carpophilus dimidiatus</em> (Fabricius) (Nitidulidae) and <em>Oryzaephilus mercator</em> (L.) (Silvanidae) </strong>submitted for evaluation to the<strong> </strong>Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling</p>
Spatial Repellents for Aedes-borne Virus Control in Sri Lanka
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05452447. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 36.
Effect of a Combined Use of Mosquito Repellent and Insecticide Treated Net on Malaria in Ethiopia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01160809. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.