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FIGURE 2. Asteronotus, living specimens. A in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

FIGURE 2. Asteronotus, living specimens. A. Asteronotus markaensis sp. nov. CASIZ 192316A, Saudi Arabian Red Sea; B. Asteronotus spongicolus CASIZ 194597, Philippines; C. Asteronotus mimeticus CASIZ 208221, Philippines; D. Asteronotus namuro sp. nov. CASIZ 192297, Saudi Arabian Red Sea; E. Asteronotus hepaticus, uncollected. F. Asteronotus cespitosus CA- SIZ 177226, Philippines. Photos (A–D, F by Terry Gosliner) and (E by Alicia Hermosillo).

FIGURE 1 in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree of the Asteronotus Ehrenberg, 1831 and Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880 estimated from the four gene (16S+28S+COI+H3) concatenated data set based on Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses. Numbers above branches refer to BI posterior probabilities (pp), while numbers below branches refer to ML non-parametric bootstrapping values (bs). Relationships not recovered during ML analysis are indicated by dashes. To the right are the results of the ABGD analysis (oval), bPTP analysis (square) and maximum pairwise distances.

FIGURE 8 in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

FIGURE 8. Hoplodoris. Tubercles and papillae, scanning electron micrographs. A. Hoplodoris desmoparypha CASIZ 309550; B. Hoplodoris balbon sp. nov. CASIZ 171406. C–D. Hoplodoris rosans sp. nov. CASIZ 182921.

FIGURE 3 in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

FIGURE 3. Asteronotus markaensis sp. nov. CASIZ 192316A. Radula, scanning electron micrographs. A. Entire radula; B. Central teeth; C. Mid-lateral teeth; D. Outer lateral teeth.

FIGURE 11 in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

FIGURE 11. Hoplodoris, penial and accessory spines, scanning electron micrographs. A. Hoplodoris desmoparypha CASIZ 309550, penial spines; B. Hoplodoris desmoparypha CASIZ 309550, accessory spine; C. Hoplodoris balbon sp. nov. CASIZ 171406, penial spines; D. Hoplodoris balbon sp. nov. CASIZ 171406, accessory spine. E. Hoplodoris rosans sp. nov. CASIZ 182921, penial spines; F. Hoplodoris rosans sp. nov. CASIZ 182921, accessory spine.

FIGURE S5 in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

FIGURE S5. Phylogenetic tree estimated with Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) for H3. Numbers above branches refer to BI posterior probabilities (pp), while numbers below branches refer to ML non-parametric bootstrapping values (bs). Relationships not recovered during ML analysis are indicated by dashes.

FIGURE S4 in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

FIGURE S4. Phylogenetic tree estimated with Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) for COI. Numbers above branches refer to BI posterior probabilities (pp), while numbers below branches refer to ML non-parametric bootstrapping values (bs). Relationships not recovered during ML analysis are indicated by dashes.

FIGURE S3 in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

FIGURE S3. Phylogenetic tree estimated with Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) for 28S. Numbers above branches refer to BI posterior probabilities (pp), while numbers below branches refer to ML non-parametric bootstrapping values (bs). Relationships not recovered during ML analysis are indicated by dashes.

FIGURE S2 in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

FIGURE S2. Phylogenetic tree estimated with Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) for 16S. Numbers above branches refer to BI posterior probabilities (pp), while numbers below branches refer to ML non-parametric bootstrapping values (bs). Relationships not recovered during ML analysis are indicated by dashes.

FIGURE S1. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery genetic distances calculated for 18 Asteronotus Ehrenberg, 1831 in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

FIGURE S1. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery genetic distances calculated for 18 Asteronotus Ehrenberg, 1831 and Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880 COI sequences using three genetic distance calculations: (A) Jukes-Cantor (JC69); (B) Kimura (K80); (C) Simple Distance. Presumed intraspecific variation is shown in white, interspecific variation in grey.

FIGURE 9 in A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)

FIGURE 9. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of head of: A. L. uluguruensis (MCZ 23081, paratype – Nyange, Tanzania, after Roux-Estève 1974: Fig. 23); B. L. somalica (MNHN 1904.603, syntype of Typhlops acutirostris Mocquard – Shoa Province, Ethiopia, after Roux-Estève 1974: Fig. 140); C. L. erythraea (NMW 16949 – Gheleb, Eritrea, D. G. Broadley illustration). The lines indicate 1 mm to scale.

FIGURE 5 in A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)

FIGURE 5. The Letheobia rufescens complex: dorsal, lateral and ventral views of head of: A. L. largeni sp. nov. (BMNH 1974.5162, holotype – Gambela, Ethiopia, after Largen, 1978: Fig. 7); B. L. wittei (IRSNB 2511, holotype – Vandia-poshe, Democratic Republic of Congo, after Roux-Estève, 1974: Fig. 179); C. L. rufescens (MNHN 1916.262, holotype – Haut Oubangui, Central African Republic, after Roux-Estève, 1974: Fig. 167). The lines indicate 1 mm to scale.

FIGURE 6 in A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)

FIGURE 6. The Letheobia gracilis complex: dorsal, lateral and ventral views of head of: A. L. debilis (ZFMK 33684, holotype – Bangui, Central African Republic, after Joger, 1990: Fig. 3); B. L. kibarae (IRSNB 2201, holotype – Kaswabilenga, Democratic Republic of Congo, after Witte, 1953: Fig. 35); C. L. graueri (MCZ 30034 – Rwanda, near Ujiji, Tanzania, J. Boundy illustration). The lines indicate 1 mm to scale.

FIGURE 2 in A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)

FIGURE 2. Hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of Typhlopoidea species groups (after Wallach, 1998b: Fig. 4).

FIGURE 8 in A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)

FIGURE 8. The Letheobia unitaeniata complex: dorsal, lateral and ventral views of A. L. unitaeniata (MCZ 48058 – Amboni Estate, Tanzania, after Roux-Estève 1974, Fig. 180); B. L. ataeniata (CAS 151200 – Mareri, Juba River, Somalia, J. Boundy illustration); C. L. scorteccii (MCZ 74455, holotype – Afgoi, Somalia, after Roux-Estève 1974: Fig. 184). The lines indicate 1 mm to scale.

FIGURE 7 in A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)

FIGURE 7. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of: A. L. gracilis (ZMB 44030, holotype – Kitungulu, Zimbabwe, after Witte, 1966: Fig. 5); B. L. sudanensis (MRAC 3232, paratype – Faradje, Democratic Republic of Congo, after Roux- Estève, 1974: Fig. 171); C. L. lumbriciformis (ZMB 8045A, syntype – Zanzibar coast, after Roux-Estève, 1974: Fig. 155. The lines indicate 1 mm to scale.

FIGURE 1 in A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)

FIGURE 1. Histograms showing number of specimens in each 1 cm size class for Letheobia species. The vertical units shown for L. wittei indicate single specimens.

FIGURE 3 in A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)

FIGURE 3. The Letheobia obtusa complex: dorsal, lateral and ventral views of head of: A. L. obtusa (BMNH 1947.1.1.24 – Blantyre, Malawi, after Roux-Estève, 1974: Fig. 42); B. L. decorosa (MNHN 1966-1251 – Ngaoundéré, Cameroon, after Roux-Estève, 1974: Fig. 44); C. L. jubana sp. nov. (CAS 151201, holotype – Mareri, Juba River, Somalia, J. Boundy illustration). The lines indicate 1 mm to scale.

FIGURE 11 in A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)

FIGURE 11. Distribution of the north-central African species of Letheobia and L. jubana in north-east Africa (inset, top left).

FIGURE 4 in A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)

FIGURE 4. The Letheobia pallida complex: A. L. pallida (BMNH 68.2.9.135 – Zanzibar, after Roux-Estève, 1974: Fig. 151); B. L. swahilica sp. nov. (MCZ 40076, holotype – Ngatana, Tana River, Kenya, J. Boundy illustration); C. L. toritensis sp. nov. (NMZB 16722, paratype – Torit, Sudan, J. Boundy illustration). The lines indicate 1 mm to scale.