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Fig. 8 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 8. Light micrographs of anteriormost loculus of Echeneibothrium spp. (A) Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/5). (B) Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 741/13). Arrowheads indicate the posterior margin (A) and the central posterior and lateral posterior margins (B).

Fig. 10 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrographs of Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in Fig. 10B, D, F, G. (B) Distal bothridial surface, small letter indicates the location of detail shown in Fig. 10E. (C) Surface of anteriormost region of the apical modification of scolex proper (AMSP). (D) Surface of middle region of the AMSP. (E) Detail of distal bothridial surface. (F) Proximal bothridial surface. (G) Surface of muscular band in proximal bothridial surface.

Fig. 12 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 12. Types of musculature morphology in bothridial medial longitudinal septum (MLS) according to Healy (2006a) and Franzese & Ivanov (2020). (A) MLS Type 1. (B) MLS Type 2. (C) MLS Type 3. (D) MLS Type 4. (E) MLS Type 5. Abbreviations: crg, central regular gaps; ig, irregular gaps; lg, large gap; lmb, longitudinal muscle bundles; mls, medial longitudinal septum; rm, radial muscle; tg, triangular gap.

Fig. 1 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 1. Light micrographs of whole mature worms of Echeneibothrium spp. from the Argentine Sea. (A) Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. from Bathyraja cousseauae (holotype MACN-Pa No. 734). (B) Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 740/8). (C) Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 742/1).

Fig. 6 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct.

FIGURE 8 in Two new species of Scalithrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from rajiform batoids of the Argentine Sea

FIGURE 8. Types of musculature morphology in bothridial transverse septa according to Healy (2006) and the present study. A. type 1; B. type 2; C. type 3; D. type 4; E. type 5. Abbreviations: l, loculus; rm, radial muscle; tg, triangular gap; tmb, transverse muscle bundles; ts, transverse septum.

FIGURE 7 in Two new species of Scalithrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from rajiform batoids of the Argentine Sea

FIGURE 7. Cross sections of terminal mature proglottid of Scalithrium ivanovae sp. nov. from Atlantoraja platana (paratype MACN-Pa 763/3) A. cross section at the level of testes; B. cross section at the level of the genital pore; C. cross section at the level of the cirrus sac; D. cross section at the level of the ovarian isthmus. Abbreviations: cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct.

FIGURE 6 in Two new species of Scalithrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from rajiform batoids of the Argentine Sea

FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Scalithrium ivanovae sp. nov. from Atlantoraja platana. A. scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in figures 6B–F; B. distal bothridial surface; C. proximal bothridial surface; D. surface of scolex apex; E. surface of stalk; F. surface of cephalic peduncle; G. surface of terminal mature proglottid.

FIGURE 5 in Two new species of Scalithrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from rajiform batoids of the Argentine Sea

FIGURE 5. Line drawings of Scalithrium ivanovae sp. nov. from Atlantoraja platana. A. entire mature worm (holotype MACN- Pa 762); B. terminal mature proglottid (holotype MACN-Pa 762); C. scolex (holotype MACN-Pa 762); D. detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (holotype MACN-Pa 762). Abbreviations: cs, cirrus sac; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct.

FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Scalithrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from rajiform batoids of the Argentine Sea

FIGURE 3. Cross sections of terminal mature proglottid of Scalithrium kirchneri sp. nov. from Rioraja agassizii (paratype MACN-Pa 758/13). A. cross section at the level of testes; B. cross section at the level of the genital pore; C. cross section at the level of the seminal receptacle; D. cross section at the level of the ovarian isthmus. Abbreviations: dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; sr, seminal receptacle; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct; vs, vaginal sphincter.

FIGURE 4 in Two new species of Scalithrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from rajiform batoids of the Argentine Sea

FIGURE 4. Longitudinal sections of bothridium showing the septal musculature. A. Scalithrium kirchneri sp. nov. from Rioraja agassizii (paratype MACN-Pa 759). B. Scalithrium ivanovae sp. nov. from Atlantoraja platana (paratype MACN-Pa 763/4). Abbreviations: l, loculus; rm, radial muscle; tg, triangular gap; tmb, transverse muscle bundles; ts, transverse septum.

FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Scalithrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from rajiform batoids of the Argentine Sea

FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Scalithrium kirchneri sp. nov. from Rioraja agassizii. A. scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in figures 2C–F; B. surface of scolex apex; C. distal bothridial surface; D. proximal bothridial surface; E. surface of stalk; F. surface of cephalic peduncle; G. surface of terminal mature proglottid.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Scalithrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from rajiform batoids of the Argentine Sea

FIGURE 1. Line drawings of Scalithrium kirchneri sp. nov. from Rioraja agassizii. A. entire mature worm (holotype MACN- Pa 757); B. terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 758/1); C. scolex (paratype MACN-Pa 761); D. detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 758/1). Abbreviations: cs, cirrus sac; ov, ovary; sr, seminal receptacle; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct; vs, vaginal sphincter.

FIGURE 9 in The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum papefayei n. sp. and Anthocephalum philruschi n. sp. A. A. papefayei n. sp., scolex. Letters indicate locations of Figures 9C–E. B. A. papefayei n. sp., bothridial rim. C. A. papefayei n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus near bothridial rim. D. A. papefayei n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus away from rim. E. A. papefayei n. sp., distal surface of bothridium. F. A. philruschi n. sp., scolex. Letters indicate locations of Figures 9I–J. G. A. philruschi n. sp., marginal loculi. Letter indicates location of Figure 9H. H. A. philruschi n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus near bothridial rim. I. A. philruschi n. sp., proximal surface of bothridium. J. A. philruschi n. sp., distal surface of bothridium.

FIGURE 10 in The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

FIGURE 10. Bayesian inference topology resulting from phylogenetic analysis of rhinebothriidean species. BI posterior probabilities are given above the branches and ML bootstrap values below the branches. Branch length scale is provided at bottom left of topology.

FIGURE 6 in The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

FIGURE 6. Scolex and proglottid line drawings of Anthocephalum meadowsi n. sp. and Anthocephalum odonnellae n. sp.. A. A. meadowsi n. sp., scolex of holotype (QM G234607). B. A. meadowsi n. sp., proglottid of holotype (QM G234607). C. A. odonnellae n. sp., scolex of paratype (LRP 8543). D. A. odonnellae n. sp., proglottid of paratype (LRP 8548).

FIGURE 8 in The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

FIGURE 8. Scolex and proglottid line drawings of Anthocephalum papefayei n. sp. and Anthocephalum philruschi n. sp. A. A. papefayei n. sp., scolex of paratype (LRP 8554). B. A. papefayei n. sp., proglottid of holotype (MNHN HEL435). C. A. philruschi n. sp., scolex of holotype (QM G234610). D. A. philruschi n. sp., proglottid of holotype (QM G234610).

FIGURE 7 in The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum meadowsi n. sp. and Anthocephalum odonnellae n. sp. A. A. meadowsi n. sp., scolex. Letters indicate locations of Figures 7C–E. B. A. meadowsi n. sp., marginal loculi. Letters indicate locations of Figures 7C–D. C. A. meadowsi n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus near bothridial rim. D. A. meadowsi n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus and bothridium. E. A. meadowsi n. sp., distal surface of bothridium. F. A. odonnellae n. sp., scolex. Letters indicate locations of Figures 7I–J. G. A. odonnellae n. sp., marginal loculi. Letter indicates location of Figure 7H. H. A. odonnellae n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus near bothridial rim. I. A. odonnellae n. sp., proximal surface of bothridium. J. A. odonnellae n. sp., distal surface of bothridium.

FIGURE 3 in The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum decrisantisorum n. sp. and Anthocephalum healyae n. sp. A. A. decrisantisorum n. sp., scolex. Letters indicate locations of Figures 3C–D. B. A. decrisantisorum n. sp., marginal loculi. Letter indicates location of Figure 3C. C. A. decrisantisorum n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus near bothridial rim. D. A. decrisantisorum n. sp., proximal surface of bothridium. E. A. decrisantisorum n. sp., distal surface of bothridium. F. A. healyae n. sp., scolex. Letters indicate locations of Figures 3H–J. B. G. A. healyae n. sp., marginal loculi. Letter indicates location of Figure 3H. H. A. healyae n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus near bothridial rim. I. A. healyae n. sp., proximal surface of bothridium. J. A. healyae n. sp., distal surface of bothridium.

FIGURE 5 in The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum jensenae n. sp. and Anthocephalum mattisi n. sp. A. A. jensenae n. sp., scolex. Letters indicate locations of Figures 5D–E. B. A. jensenae n. sp., marginal loculi. Letter indicates location of Figure 5C. C. A. jensenae n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus near bothridial rim. D. A. jensenae n. sp., proximal surface of bothridium. E. A. jensenae n. sp., distal surface of bothridium. F. A. mattisi n. sp., scolex. Letters indicate locations of Figures 5H–J. G. A. mattisi n. sp., marginal loculi. Letter indicates location of Figure 5H. H. A. mattisi n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus near bothridial rim. I. A. mattisi n. sp., proximal surface of bothridium. J. A. mattisi n. sp., distal surface of bothridium.