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288 results for “Root effect”
Data and R code used in Alonso-Crespo et al (2024) Exploring priority and year effects on plant diversity, productivity and vertical root distribution: first insights from a grassland field experiment
<p>This release contains the raw data, R code, and RootPainter model supporting the results described in Alonso-Crespo et al (2024) Exploring priority and year effects on plant diversity, productivity and vertical root distribution: first insights from a grassland field experiment.</p>
Data from the journal article "Individual versus combined effects of warming, elevated CO2 and drought on grassland water uptake and fine root traits"
<p>This data file contains all data used in the aforementioned article (DOI: 10.1111/pce.15274). The data was obtained in a long-term multifactor global-change experiment (‘ClimGrass’) in a managed (three cuts, fertilized) C3 grassland near the central European Alps in Styria, Austria (47°29′44.6″N, 14°5′54.6″E). Grassland plots were exposed to six treatments: (i) ambient conditions (control; n = 8); (ii) drought (n = 4); (iii) warming (n = 3); (iv) elevated CO2 (n = 3), (v) future conditions (warming and elevated CO2; n = 3); and (vi) drought in future conditions (warming, elevated CO2 and drought; n = 4). The experiment was conducted during the growing seasons of 2017, 2019, and 2020. The aim was to determine how warming, elevated CO2 and drought individually and interactively affected root water uptake (RWU, calculated from soil water dynamics) as well as the corresponding mass and key traits (specific root length (SRL); specific root area (SRA); mean diameter) of newly produced fine roots (extracted using ingrowth cores) and biomass allocation (fine-root-to-shoot production ratios; R/S ratios). Treatment effects on RWU were studied across varying conditions of soil water content (SWC) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD), referred to as dryness conditions. Fine root characteristics were compared to the maximum hourly in-situ RWU observed. </p> <p>The following data is contained in this file (processed as described in the journal article and, importantly, in the supplementary information):<br>- data_SWC: SWC and precipitation, used to calculate RWU (resolution: hourly; figures: 1)<br>- data_RWU_daily: RWU for the main rooting horizon, fractions of total RWU across depth (resolution: daily; figures: 1, 2, 3)<br>- data_RWU_hourly: RWU for the main rooting horizon, SWC, VPD (resolution: hourly; figures: 1, 4, 5)<br>- data_FineRoots: Mass, traits (SRL, SRA, diameter) and maximum hourly RWU of newly produced fine roots across depth, R/S ratios (resolution: three samplings per growing season; figures: 6, 7)</p> <p>The metadata.xlsx file summarizes the contents of these datasets, including units and descriptions of the variables.</p> <p>Note below: the name of the project funded by the Austrian Academy of Sciences is ClimGrassHydro.</p>
Datasets related to publication: Microbial Consortia for Effective Biocontrol of Root and Foliar Diseases in Tomato
<p>Datasets underlying the results presented in the Original Research Article "Microbial Consortia for Effective Biocontrol of Root and Foliar Diseases in Tomato", Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 12, Article 756368, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.756368/full, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.756368">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.756368</a></p> <p>This research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No 765290 (Name of the action: Microbe induced resistance to agricultural pests, Acronym: MiRA).</p>
Rewetting prolongs root growing season in minerotrophic peatlands and mitigates negative drought effects
<p>Root phenology influences the timing of plant resource acquisition and carbon fluxes into the soil. This is particularly important in fen peatlands, in which peat is primarily formed by roots and rhizomes of vascular plants. However, most fens in Central Europe are drained for agriculture, leading to large carbon losses, and further threatened by increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Rewetting fens aims to restore the original carbon sink, but how root phenology is affected by drainage and rewetting is largely unknown.</p> <p>We monitored root phenology with minirhizotrons in drained and rewetted fens (alder forest, percolation fen and coastal fen) as well as its soil temperature and water table depth during the 2018 drought. For each fen type, we studied a drained site and a site that was rewetted ~25 years ago, while all the sites studied had been drained for almost a century.</p> <p><span>Overall, the growing season</span> <span>was longer with rewetting, allowing roots to grow over a longer period in the year and have a higher root production than under drainage. With increasing depth, the growing season shifted to later in time but remained a similar length, and </span><span>the relative importance of soil temperature for root length changes increased with soil depth. </span></p> <p><em><span>Synthesis and applications.</span></em><span> Rewetting extended the growing season of roots, highlighting the importance of phenology in explaining root productivity in peatlands. A longer growing season allows a longer period of carbon sequestration in form of root biomass and promotes the peatlands' carbon sink function, especially through longer growth in deep soil layers.</span> <span>Thus, management practices that focus on rewetting peatland ecosystems are necessary to maintain their function as carbon sinks, particularly under drought conditions, and are a top priority to reduce carbon emissions and address climate</span><span> change.</span></p>
Persistence of plant-mediated microbial soil legacy effects in soil and inside roots
<p>Plant-soil feedbacks are shaped by microbial legacies that plants leave in the soil. We tested the persistence of these legacies after subsequent colonization by the same or other plant species. Soil fungal legacies were detectable for months, but the current plant effect on fungi amplified in time. Contrary, in bacterial communities, legacies faded away rapidly and bacteria communities were influenced strongly by the current plant. However, both fungal and bacterial legacies were conserved inside the roots of the current plant species and their composition significantly correlated with plant growth. Hence, microbial soil legacies present at the time of plant establishment play a vital role in shaping plant growth even when these legacies have faded away in the soil due the growth of the current plant species. We conclude that soil microbiome legacies are reversible and versatile, but that they can create plant-soil feedbacks via altering the endophytic community acquired during early ontogeny.</p>
Home-field advantage meets priming effect in root decomposition: Implications for belowground carbon dynamics
<p>1. Home-field advantage (HFA) states that litter decomposes faster in 'home' than in 'away' soil, due to the specialization of decomposer organisms in decomposing litter derived from their local plant community. Demonstration of the HFA effect has been overwhelmingly based on aboveground leaf litter despite the fact that roots play a pivotal role in carbon (C) and nutrient cycling.</p> <p>2. Labile C input in root exudates and newly shed root litters can enhance the activity of soil microorganisms, which in turn can favor the breakdown of older root litter, also referred to as the priming effect. It remains, however, unclear how the addition of fresh root-derived inputs affects HFA on the decomposition of absorptive roots (ARs) and transport roots (TRs), which have a different chemical composition.</p> <p>3. Here, we conducted a two-stage (endogenous C consumption versus exogenous C priming) reciprocal transplant microcosm experiment to explore the effects of HFA on the decomposition of lower-quality ARs and higher-quality TRs of two subtropical tree species (Pinus elliottii and Cunninghamia lanceolata) and their responses to either labile (glucose) or recalcitrant (fresh ARs) C additions.</p> <p>4. Decomposition of lower-quality ARs exhibited neutral HFA, while decomposition of higher-quality TRs exhibited positive HFA. The absence of HFA for short-lived ARs was possibly due to the legacy effect of their chemical defenses on decomposition. The neutral HFA for ARs became negative with glucose addition, which was linked to the dissimilarity of fungal community between the home and away soils. Neither glucose nor fresh ARs additions changed the HFA pattern of TRs, implying that these long-lived roots play a reinforced role in soil C accumulation when they decompose away from their origins.</p> <p>5. These results indicate that the effect of HFA on decomposition differs between ARs and TRs, and could be modified by the priming effect induced by the root-derived C input. In general, our findings highlight that complex 'HFA-priming' interactions on root decomposition should be explicitly considered in the paradigm of belowground C dynamics.</p>
Drought effects on root and shoot traits and their decomposability
<p>1. Drought can induce phenotypic plasticity in a range of plant root and shoot traits. These traits have been shown to explain differences in root and shoot litter decomposability between species. However, it is unknown how drought-induced plasticity of root and shoot traits alters their decomposability.</p> <p>2. To investigate this issue across a range of species, we grew a grass (<em>Lolium perenne</em>), a forb (<em>Plantago lanceolata</em>) and a legume (<em>Trifolium repens</em>) common to European temperate grasslands and subjected them to a 5-week moderate drought treatment. We compared morphological and chemical root and shoot traits of the droughted plants to well-watered controls. We then conducted a decomposition assay of the senesced root and shoot material over 16 weeks, with mass loss measurements at five timepoints.</p> <p>3. Drought had significant and sometimes strong effects on morphological and chemical root and shoot traits of all three species, sometimes similar to differences between species and generally in line with a shift to a more resource-conservative strategy. Drought also increased the labile litter fraction in roots of <em>Lolium</em> <em>perenne</em>, which was associated with a substantial increase in non-structural carbohydrates. Drought decreased the labile litter fraction in shoots of <em>Plantago</em> <em>lanceolata</em>, but this could not be explained by the traits we measured. Drought effects on litter decomposability were weaker than on plant traits.</p> <p>4. Our results suggest that plant trait-mediated effects of drought on litter decomposability can either increase or decrease vegetation feedbacks to climate change. They also show that drought-induced plasticity in root and shoot traits does not automatically translate into equivalent changes in litter decomposability.</p>
Root functional traits determine the magnitude of the rhizosphere priming effect among eight tree species
<p><span>Rhizosphere priming effect </span>can accelerate or decelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter. Using a natural abundance <sup>13</sup>C tracer method allowing partitioning of native soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and plant rhizosphere respiration, we studied the effects of eight tree species on the strength of the rhizosphere priming. All tree species enhanced the rate of SOC decomposition, by 82% on average. <span>M</span><span>ean diameter of first-order roots and root exudate-derived respiration</span><span> were positively correlated with the RPE</span><span>, together explaining a large part of the observed variation in the RPE (<em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.72), whereas root branching density was negatively associated with the RPE. Path analyses further suggested that mean diameter of first-order roots was the main driver of the RPE owing to its positive direct effect on the RPE and its indirect effects via root exudate-derived respiration and root branching density. </span>These results demonstrate that the magnitude of the RPE is regulated by complementary aspects of root morphology, architecture and physiology, implying that comprehensive approaches are needed to reveal the multiple mechanisms driving plant effects on the RPE.</p>
Effects of long-term mowing on leaf- and root-associated bacterial community structures are linked to functional traits in 11 plant species from a temperate steppe
<ol> <li><span>Long-term mowing can cause morphological stuntedness of plants, thus reducing grassland productivity and exacerbating grassland degradation. Although plant microbiomes can enhance plant resistance against disturbance, considerable uncertainty exists regarding how mowing and mowing-induced plant trait plasticity affect plant microbiomes in natural grasslands. </span></li> <li><span>Here we examined the responses of leaf-/root-associated bacterial (LAB/RAB) communities of 11 dominant herbaceous perennials (6 replicates per species) to a 17-year mowing treatment in a temperate grassland. We also measured leaf/root physiological and morphological traits and analyzed the relationships among mowing practice, bacterial community structures, and leaf/root trait parameters. </span></li> <li><span>We found that both leaf and root functional traits showed interspecific variations (variations across different plant species), while only the leaf traits exhibited intraspecific variation (treatment-induced variations within plant species) between the treatments. Similarly, the LAB community structure was more sensitive to mowing but less influenced by host species identity, compared to the RAB community. The RAB community structure was primarily shaped by host species identity, while mowing was a secondary influencing factor. </span></li> <li> <span>The different patterns of LAB and RAB communities in response to mowing could be specifically explained by the inter-/intraspecific variations of the related leaf and root traits. The LAB community was strongly correlated with the leaf traits which exhibited mowing-induced plasticity (intraspecific variation), with the correlations with nitrogen resorption efficiency and aboveground dry weight being the greatest. The root traits were important indicators of bacterial community structure in the root compartment across the hosts, rather than between the treatments. Root tissue density</span> <span>showed the strongest interspecific variation, and was identified as an overwhelming driver of the RAB community. The shifts in LAB/RAB communities under mowing were largely attributed to the increased proportions of Actinobacteria. The high mowing sensitivity of the LAB community was associated with the enrichment of soil-derived Actinobacteria in leaves under mowing. Actinobacteria were also the main keystone taxa in the bacterial community networks under mowing.</span> </li> <li><span>Our results demonstrate that the magnitude of plant-associated microbial community response to long-term mowing is plant compartment- and trait-variation-dependent, and advance our understanding of the leaf/root microbiome-trait relationships in complex plant communities.</span></li> </ol>
Data from: Effects of light quality on colonization of tomato roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and implications for growth and defense
<p>Beneficial soil microbes can enhance plant growth and defense, but the extent to which this occurs depends on the availability of resources, such as water and nutrients. However, relatively little is known about the role of light quality, which is altered during shading, resulting in a low red: far-red ratio (R:FR) of light. We examined how low R:FR light influences arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)-mediated changes in plant growth and defense using <em>Solanum lycopersicum </em>(tomato) and the insect herbivore <em>Chrysodeixis chalcites</em>. We also examined effects on third trophic level interactions with the parasitoid <em>Cotesia marginiventris</em>. Under low R:FR light, non-mycorrhizal plants activated the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), resulting in enhanced biomass production. However, mycorrhizal inoculation decreased stem elongation in shaded plants, thus counteracting the plant's SAS response to shading. Unexpectedly, activation of SAS under low R:FR light did not increase plant susceptibility to the herbivore in either non-mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal plants. AMF did not significantly affect survival or growth of caterpillars and parasitoids but suppressed herbivore-induced expression of jasmonic acid-signaled defenses genes under low R:FR light. These results highlight the context-dependency of AMF effects on plant growth and defense and the potentially adverse effects of AMF under shading.</p>
A Safety and Effectiveness Trial of Spinal Cord Stimulation of the Dorsal Root Ganglion for Chronic Lower Limb Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01923285. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Root Canal Treatment (Versus no Treatment) for Patients With Tooth Infections and Toothaches
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01870973. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Rewetting prolongs root growing season in minerotrophic peatlands and mitigates negative drought effects
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Data from: The effect of root-associated microbes on plant growth and chemical defence traits across two contrasted elevations,
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Persistence of plant-mediated microbial soil legacy effects in soil and inside roots
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Data from: Soil moisture mediates the effect of plant belowground carbon allocation on the decomposition of root litter in a subtropical forest
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Decision analysis rooted in Indigenous and Western scientific knowledge identifies cost-effective strategies for managing hyperabundant deer to restore keystone places
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Effects of long-term mowing on leaf- and root-associated bacterial community structures are linked to functional traits in 11 plant species from a temperate steppe
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Data from: Complementary effects of beneficial and non-beneficial mycorrhizal fungi on root phosphatase activity: A mycorrhizal “White Album” effect
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Home-field advantage meets priming effect in root decomposition: Implications for belowground carbon dynamics
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