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Figure 8 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 8. (a) Radiolar crowns in (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma bairdi, Spirobranchus kraussii and Euchone variabilis. (b) Radioles of Bispira serrata and Bispira manicata; arrows indicate radiolar eyes. (c) Arrow indicates radiolar flange on Bispira serrata. (d) Radiolar crown of Bispira manicata, consisting of 2 radiolar lobes (arrows). (e) Radiole filaments of Sabellastarte australiensis and Bispira porifera. (f) Single radius highlighted red in Hydroides brachyacanthus and Serpula jukesii. (g) SEM image of rasp-shaped posterior abdominal uncini in Serpula columbiana. (h) Recurved spines in posterior notopodia of Boccardiella bihamata (on left, stained with methyl green) and Polydora uncinata (on right). (i) SEM image of saw-shaped thoracic uncini on Serpula columbiana. All scales in mm.

Figure 9 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 9. (a) Single segments of Branchiomma bairdi (left 2 images) and Polydora haswelli (stained with methyl green) highlighted red. (b) Arrows indicate spinules on opercula of (left to right, respectively) Hydroides elegans, H. heteroceros and H. tambalagamensis. (c) Spirobranchus- type collar chaetae from Spirobranchus tetraceros (stained with methyl green). (d) Radioles of Branchiomma galei and Branchiomma bairdi; arrows indicate stylodes (palmate in B. galei and simple in B. bairdi). (e) Arrow indicates thoracic membrane of Spirobranchus cariniferus, stained with methylene blue. (f) Thorax regions (highlighted red) of (left to right, respectively) Bispira manicata, Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue) and Branchiomma bairdi. (g) Arrow indicates tonguelet of Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue), partially covered by collar. All scales in mm.

Figure 10 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 10. (a) Tori of Branchiomma bairdi and Sabella spallanzanii highlighted red. (b) Triangular depression in Spirobranchus tetraceros (stained with methylene blue) highlighted red. (c) SEM image of true trumpet-shaped chaetae of Spirobranchus giganteus. (d) Tubes of (left to right, respectively) Spirobranchus taeniatus, Bispira serrata and Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata: calcareous in Serpulidae (S. taeniatus) and muddy in Sabellidae (B. serrata) and Spionidae (P. paucibranchiata). (e) Uncini of (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma bairdi, Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue), and close-up in Bispira manicata (stained with methyl green). (f) Arrow indicates ventral lip in live specimen of Branchiomma arctica (photo: © Alexander Semenov). (g) Collar region of Bispira serrata and Sabella spallanzanii; arrows indicate ventral sacs. All scales in mm.

Figure 7 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 7. (a) Operculum of Spirobranchus minutus (above) and Spirobranchus kraussii (below); arrows indicate opercular endplate. (b) Paleate collar chaetae of Laonome triangularis. (c) Arrows indicate palps of Polydora haswelli (stained with methyl green) and Boccardia proboscidea (live specimen). (d) Parapodia highlighted red in (left to right, respectively) Sabellastarte australiensis, Boccardiella bihamata (stained with methyl green) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue). (e) Arrows indicate peduncle of Hydroides norvegicus (stained with methylene blue) and Spirobranchus cariniferus. (f) Tubes of Ficopomatus enigmaticus and Ficopomatus uschakovi; arrows indicate peristomes. (g) Collar region/base of radiolar crown in Myxicola infundibulum stained with methylene blue; peristomium highlighted red. (h) Radioles of Bispira serrata and Bispira porifera; arrows indicate individual pinnules. (i) Anterior end of Hydroides norvegicus (stained with methylene blue); arrow indicates pseudoperculum. (j) Arrows indicate pygidium of Bispira serrata and Boccardia polybranchia (stained with methyl green). All scales in mm.

Figure 5 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 5. (a) Arrows indicate hood on collar chaetae of Laonome triangularis (left 2 images), Laonome calida and thoracic chaetae of Crucigera websteri (SEM image). (b) Arrow indicates hood in neuropodial hooks of Polydora uncinata. (c) Hooks in posterior neuropodia of Polydora uncinata. (d) Radioles proximally connected by inter-radiolar membranes (arrows) in Sabella spallanzanii and Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue). (e) Inter-ramal eyes (arrows) located between notopodia and neuropodia of Branchiomma galei and Branchiomma bairdi. (f) Calcareous tubes of Spirobranchus cariniferus (left) and Spirobranchus kraussii (right); arrows indicate keels on tube. (g) Falcate spines in notopodia of chaetiger 5 of Polydora uncinata; arrow indicates lateral flange. (h) Lobate condition in collars of (left to right, respectively) Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue), Sabella spallanzanii and pygidium of Polydora ciliata (stained with methyl green). Lobes highlighted red. All scales in mm.

Figure 6 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 6. (a) Thoracic uncini of Desdemona aniara (above, SEM image) and Laonome triangularis (below); arrows indicate main fangs. (b) A pair of dorsal horns (indicated by arrow) on chaetiger 2 of a male of Pygospio elegans. (c) Narrowly hooded thoracic chaetae of Sabellastarte australiensis. (d) Thoracic neuropodia highlighted red on (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma bairdi, Bispira manicata, Boccardiella bihamata (stained with methyl green) and Boccardia proboscidea (stained with methyl green); arrows indicate neurochaetae. (e) Thoracic notopodia highlighted red on (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma bairdi, Bispira manicata, Boccardiella bihamata (stained with methyl green) and Boccardia proboscidea (stained with methyl green); arrows indicate notochaetae. (f) SEM image of dorsal anterior end of Polydora cornuta. Red arrows indicate a pair of nuchal organs; outlined arrow indicates occipital antenna. (g) Arrows indicate opercula of (left to right, respectively) Hydroides norvegicus (stained with methylene blue), Ficopomatus enigmaticus and Spirobranchus tetraceros. All scales in mm.

Figure 4 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 4. (a) Dorsal/ventral sides illustrated on examples of (left to right, respectively) Serpulidae (Spirobranchus tetraceros), Sabellidae (Bispira manicata) and Spionidae (Polydora haswelli, stained with methyl green). (b) Arrows indicating paired dorsal radiolar appendages, fused to dorsal lips, in (left to right, respectively) Sabella spallanzanii, Bispira porifera and Bispira manicata. (c) Falcate spines in notochaetae on chaetiger 5 of Polydora uncinata. (d) Anterior regions of Branchiomma bairdi (dorsal view) and Laonome calida (ventral view, stained with methylene blue); arrows indicate faecal grooves. (e) Faecal groove inversion in Branchiomma bairdi: faecal groove runs ventrally in abdomen and dorsally in thorax. (f) SEM image of flat trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae in Serpula columbiana. (g) Arrows indicate opercula funnels in Hydroides malleolaspinus and Hydroides tuberculatus. (h) Arrow indicates glandular girdle on chaetiger 2 of Euchone variabilis, stained with methylene blue. (i) Arrows indicate handles of acicular thoracic uncini in Euchone limnicola (left) and avicular thoracic uncini in Bispira manicata (right, stained with methyl green). All scales in mm.

Figure 3 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 3. (a) Cirriform pygidium of Pygospio elegans, stained with methyl green; arrow points to a cirrus. (b) Companion chaetae (arrows) as parallel row anterior to thoracic uncini in Sabella spallanzanii (left) and Bispira manicata (right, stained with methylene blue). (c) Arrows point to collar flaps in Laonome calida (left) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (right), both stained with methylene blue. (d) Collar/thoracic regions of Laonome triangularis (left, stained with methylene blue) and Ficopomatus enigmaticus (right); arrows point to collar chaetae. (e) Collar segments indicated by different arrows in (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma galei, Laonome triangularis (stained with methylene blue) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue). (f) Constrictions, indicated by arrows, occurring below funnels in opercula of Hydroides malleolaspinus and Hydroides minax. (g) Constriction, indicated by arrow, in upper shaft of neuropodial hooks of Polydora uncinata. (h) Opercula of Spirobranchus polytrema, S. cariniferus and S. tetraceros (left to right, respectively); arrows indicate distal wings. All scales in mm.

Figure 1 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 1. (a) Bispira manicata with abdomen region highlighted red. (b) Posterior notopodia of Boccardiella bihamata stained with methyl green; arrow points to acicular spine. (c) Acicular thoracic uncini of Euchone limnicola. (d) Ventral anal depression in Euchone variabilis (left, stained with methylene blue) with lateral flanges, and in Euchone limnicola, without flanges. (e) Collar region/base of radiolar crown in Myxicola infundibulum stained with methylene blue; anterior peristomial ring highlighted red. (f) Lateral view of Spirobranchus tetraceros (left) and ventral view of Spirobranchus kraussii (right), both stained with methylene blue; arrows point to apron. (g) Z-shaped avicular thoracic uncini of Laonome triangularis (above) and Bispira manicata (below, stained with methyl green). (h) Bayonet collar chaetae in Serpula jukesi, stained with methyl green. (i) Bayonet thoracic chaetae in Jasmineira sp. (j) Arrows point to branchiae in Boccardia chilensis (left and right specimens stained with methylene blue and methyl green, respectively). All scales in mm.

Figure 2 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 2. (a) Thoracic uncini of Bispira manicata, stained with methyl green; arrow points to breast of uncinus. (b) Broadly hooded thoracic chaetae of Euchone limnicola and collar chaetae of Laonome calida. (c) Capillary chaetae from collar of Spirobranchus taeniatus (on left, stained with methyl green) and chaetiger 1 of Boccardia proboscidea (on right). (d) Dorsal view of anterior ends of Polydora haswelli (on left, stained with methyl green) and Boccardia proboscidea (on right); arrows point to caruncle. (e) Arrows point to thoracic chaetae of (left to right, respectively) Bispira porifera, Boccardiella bihamata (stained with methyl green) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue). (f) Arrows demonstrate chaetal inversion in Branchiomma bairdi (left) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (right). (g) Lateral views of thoracic regions of Bispira porifera (left) and Polydora haswelli (right, stained with methyl green); each bracket indicates 1 chaetiger. All scales in mm.

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Linked collectors and determiners for: New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/4d1b5b33-2741-4f58-b920-d3c8f6abbbff">https://bionomia.net/dataset/4d1b5b33-2741-4f58-b920-d3c8f6abbbff</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/4d1b5b33-2741-4f58-b920-d3c8f6abbbff">https://gbif.org/dataset/4d1b5b33-2741-4f58-b920-d3c8f6abbbff</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Figure 9 in The genus Euchone (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, addition of two new species and discussion on some closely related taxa

Figure 9. Chone sp. SEM analysis. (A) Notochaetae from the second chaetiger; (B, C) thoracic uncini from the second chaetiger; (D) abdominal uncini from the third abdominal chaetiger.

Figure 8 in The genus Euchone (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, addition of two new species and discussion on some closely related taxa

Figure 8. Chone sp. (A) Entire worm; (B) lateral view of the anterior end; (C) dorsal view of the anterior end; (D) detail of the internal crown structures; (E) radioles showing the development of palmate membrane; (F) thoracic uncinus; (G) abdominal uncini, first chaetigers on the left, last chaetigers on the right; (H) superior thoracic notochaetae; (I) inferior paleate thoracic notochaetae. dl, dorsal lip.

Figure 6 in The genus Euchone (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, addition of two new species and discussion on some closely related taxa

Figure 6. Euchone (Chiade) sp. (A) Entire worm, dorsal view; (B) entire worm, ventral view; (C) entire worm, lateral view; (D) collar, ventral view; (E) collar, dorsal view; (F) anal depression, dorsal view; (G) anal depression, ventral view; (H) thoracic superior notochaeta and thoracic inferior paleate chaeta; (I) thoracic uncinus; (L) abdominal uncinus from an anterior abdominal chaetiger; (M) abdominal uncinus from chaetigers of the anal depression.

Figure 5 in The genus Euchone (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, addition of two new species and discussion on some closely related taxa

Figure 5. (A–D, F–H) Euchone rosea: (A) staining pattern of the anterior end, ventral view; (B) ventral view of the anterior end; (C) lateral and ventral views of the anal depression; (D) thoracic uncinus; (F) thoracic inferior paleate chaeta; (G) abdominal uncinus from the anterior abdominal chaetiger chaetiger; (H) abdominal uncinus from the anal depression region. (E) Euchone rubrocincta: thoracic inferior notochaeta.

Figure 4 in The genus Euchone (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, addition of two new species and discussion on some closely related taxa

Figure 4. Euchone sp. (A) Entire worm without crown; (B) staining pattern of the anterior end, ventral view; (C) collar, dorsal view; (D) lateral view of the anal depression; (E) thoracic superior notochaeta and thoracic inferior paleate chaeta; (F) abdominal uncinus from an anterior abdominal chaetiger; (G) abdominal uncinus from chaetigers of the anal depression.

Figure 2. Euchone pararosea n in The genus Euchone (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, addition of two new species and discussion on some closely related taxa

Figure 2. Euchone pararosea n. sp. (A) Staining pattern of the anterior end, ventral view; (B) entire worm; (C) detail of radioles showing the palmate membrane and radiolar tip; (D) collar, dorsal view; (E) frontal view of the anal depression showing lateral wings; (F) lateral view of the anal depression; (G) internal structure of branchial crown after dissection; (H) thoracic uncinus; (I) thoracic superior notochaeta; (L) thoracic inferior paleate chaeta; (M) abdominal uncinus, profile view of anterior abdominal chaetiger; (N) abdominal uncinus from chaetigers of the anal depression. dl, dorsal lip; vl, ventral lip; vpa, ventral pinnular appendage.

Figure 7 in The genus Euchone (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, addition of two new species and discussion on some closely related taxa

Figure 7. Comparison of thoracic uncini structure in some related sabellin genera having long handle. (A) Type 1 (from Chone duneri); (B) type 2 (from Chone sp.); (C) type 3 (from Chone americana); (D) type 4 (from Amphicorina armandi); (E) scheme of handle orientation found in uncini of types 1–3; (F) scheme of handle orientation found in uncini of types 2–4; (G) SEM photograph of uncini type 1; (H) SEM photograph of uncini type 2.

Figure 10 in The genus Euchone (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, addition of two new species and discussion on some closely related taxa

Figure 10. One of the equally parsimonious minimum length trees retained. (A) Distribution of character state 53; (B) distribution of character state 6.

Figure 3. Euchone pseudolimnicola n in The genus Euchone (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, addition of two new species and discussion on some closely related taxa

Figure 3. Euchone pseudolimnicola n. sp. (A) Staining pattern of the anterior end, ventral view; (B) entire worm; (C) collar, dorsal view; (D) staining pattern of abdominal chaetigers, ventral view; (E) ventral and lateral views of the anal depression; (F) tip of eadioles; (G) internal structure of branchial crown after dissection; (H) abdominal uncini in profile; (I) abdominal uncinus, the first abdominal chaetiger, frontal view; (L) abdominal uncinus from the anal depression region; (M) thoracic uncini; (N) thoracic superior notochaeta; (O) thoracic inferior paleate chaeta. dra, dorsal radiolar appendage; dl, dorsal lip.