Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Fig 7A in Diversity and distribution of scleractinian corals from Mandapam group of Islands in Gulf of Mannar marine national park, South East coast of India

Fig 7A: Turbinaria mesenterina, B- Turbinaria peltata, C- Diploria strigosa, D- Echinopora lamellose, E- Favia favus, F- Favia speciosa, GFavia sp., H- Favites abdita

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Fig 1 in Diversity and distribution of scleractinian corals from Mandapam group of Islands in Gulf of Mannar marine national park, South East coast of India

Fig 1: Study sites in Mandapam group of Islands in Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park (https://www.geoplaner.com/)

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Fig 4 in Diversity and distribution of scleractinian corals from Mandapam group of Islands in Gulf of Mannar marine national park, South East coast of India

Fig 4: Correspondence Analyses of life form categories recorded from the reef islands in Mandapam group, Gulf of Mannar Marina National Park. HC – Hard corals, SC- Soft coral, CB- Coral bleaching, AA-Algae, SP – Sponges, DC-Dead corals, RB-Rubbles, SD- Sand, SI – Silt, OT-Others, SI –Shingle Island, KI – Kurusadai Island, PI – Pullivasal Island, POI – Poomarichan Island, MPI – Manoliputti Island, MI – Manoli Island, HI - Hare Island.

Text-fig. 4. Glenarea cretacea POČTA, 1887, holotype (NM-O7541), a coral surface, b, c, coral surface, detail, d, longitudinal section. Photos a, b, d by L. Váchová, National Museum, Prague. Scale bar 1 mm. in The Scleractinian Coral Genus Glenarea (Bohemian Cretaceous Basin)

Text-fig. 4. Glenarea cretacea POČTA, 1887, holotype (NM-O7541), a coral surface, b, c, coral surface, detail, d, longitudinal section. Photos a, b, d by L. Váchová, National Museum, Prague. Scale bar 1 mm.

Text-fig. 5. a, Triphyllocoenia excavata D'ORBIGNY, 1849, lectotype (MNHN-B24232), coral surface. b, Ewaldocaenia hawelkai, syntype (NHM-R22349), coral surface. c–e, Ewaldocaenia hawelkai, syntype (MB-K2491), c, coral surface, d, transversal thin section, e, longitudinal thin section. Scale bar 1 mm. in The Scleractinian Coral Genus Glenarea (Bohemian Cretaceous Basin)

Text-fig. 5. a, Triphyllocoenia excavata D'ORBIGNY, 1849, lectotype (MNHN-B24232), coral surface. b, Ewaldocaenia hawelkai, syntype (NHM-R22349), coral surface. c–e, Ewaldocaenia hawelkai, syntype (MB-K2491), c, coral surface, d, transversal thin section, e, longitudinal thin section. Scale bar 1 mm.

Text-fig. 1. Geographic situation of the source area of the Glenarea cretacea holotype. a, Řetenice locality of A. E. Reuss, b, Teplice-Stínadla locality, c, Teplice-Písečný vrch locality. For detail, see 'type locality of Glenarea cretacea' chapter. in The Scleractinian Coral Genus Glenarea (Bohemian Cretaceous Basin)

Text-fig. 1. Geographic situation of the source area of the Glenarea cretacea holotype. a, Řetenice locality of A. E. Reuss, b, Teplice-Stínadla locality, c, Teplice-Písečný vrch locality. For detail, see 'type locality of Glenarea cretacea' chapter.

Text-fig. 3. Sakalavastraea perturbata n. sp., a, c, holotype and invalid neotype of Glenarea cretacea (CGS-HF2478), transversal thin section; b, d, paratype (CGS-HF1706), b, transversal thin section, d, longitudinal thin section. Scale bar 1 mm. in The Scleractinian Coral Genus Glenarea (Bohemian Cretaceous Basin)

Text-fig. 3. Sakalavastraea perturbata n. sp., a, c, holotype and invalid neotype of Glenarea cretacea (CGS-HF2478), transversal thin section; b, d, paratype (CGS-HF1706), b, transversal thin section, d, longitudinal thin section. Scale bar 1 mm.

Text-fig. 2. Sakalavastraea clementi BEAUVAIS, 1972, CGS-HF2402, a, transversal thin section, b, transversal thin section, detail, c, longitudinal thin section. Scale bar 1 mm. in The Scleractinian Coral Genus Glenarea (Bohemian Cretaceous Basin)

Text-fig. 2. Sakalavastraea clementi BEAUVAIS, 1972, CGS-HF2402, a, transversal thin section, b, transversal thin section, detail, c, longitudinal thin section. Scale bar 1 mm.

Fig. 17 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 17. Idealized and representing two extremes, three−dimensional models of septal microstructures in corals with fibrous skeletal tissue. First extreme model (A), shows perfect continuity between organo−mineral phases of dRAF and TD regions, whereas the second extreme model (B) shows consistent discontinuity of these phases in longitudinal, perpendicular to septal plane section. Real specimens (e.g., Figs. 3E–H, 5B) usually have some regions with dRAF and TD layers continuing, and some parts where these layers discontinue. Left to A, longitudinal section through RAF plane. Septal surfaces in the RAF zone may have "microcrystalline" texture (if a snapshot were taken during formation of the mineral phase); "microcrystals" represent exposed fiber tips (fasciculi of Wise 1972) of organic−depleted zones (circle on right of A).

Fig. 16. The rugosan Endotheciumdecipiens Koker, 1924 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 16. The rugosan Endotheciumdecipiens Koker, 1924. Here re−illustrated from Schindewolf's (1942: fig. 7). Lower Upper Permian (Basleo−Schichten), Basleo, Timor. "Transverse" section of corallum (A) with septa in axial region (B) showing alternation of layers of fibers (white) and areas infilled by dark (?iron−manganese rich) minerals (see also footnote 2). TLM view.

Fig. 15. A. Pachythecalis major Cuif, 1975, ZPAL H.23 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 15. A. Pachythecalis major Cuif, 1975, ZPAL H.23/10. Triassic, Lower Norian. Alakir Çay,Turkey. Transverse polished corallite in TLM (A1); enlargement of dRAF (A2). A3. Transverse polished pachytheca in TLM; fibers show faint regular (ca. 7 µm) alternations of lighter and darker zones. B. Zardinophyllum zardini Montanaro−Gallitelli, 1975. Triassic (Middle Carnian), San Cassiano Beds, Alpe di Specie, Dolomiti (Italy). Completely smooth RAF of septum in distal view, IPUM11 (B1, SEM). B2. Transverse, polished and etched septum (ZPALH.23/11); note fissure in dRAF region (arrow), more or less regular discontinuities in arrangement of pachytheca fibers (arrows), and secondary, probably biogenic deposits filling up the calice (marked transparent dark grey). All coralla with still preserved aragonitic mineralogy.

Fig. 14. Pachysolenia cylindrica Cuif, 1975 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 14. Pachysolenia cylindrica Cuif, 1975, ZPALH. XXI/4. Triassic, Lower Norian. Alakir Çay,Turkey. A–C. Complementary regions of transversely sectioned and polished pachytheca: TLM image (A), greyscale Sr (B) and Mg (C) mapping acquired on the electron microprobe by wavelength−dispersive techniques; darker areas equal very low concentration whereas lighter areas equal slightly higher concentrations. Sr (in B) shows enrichment, at least in some regions (arrows) where Mg (in C) appears depleted. Sr mapping of diagenetically non−altered fibrous parts of coralla of extant corals (not illustrated here) invariably shows nearly homogenous distribution of this element. D. TLM view of longitudinally sectioned pachytheca and septum; part of the preserved septum encircled and enlarged in E to show "non−trabecular" nature of dRAF. F. Transverse polished section of pachytheca in TLM; fibers show faint regular 5–8 µm alternations of lighter and darker zones. G. Homogenous septal dRAF zone in SEM view of transversely polished and etched section. H. Transverse polished and etched section of pachytheca (SEM); fibrous skeleton shows negative and positive etching relief (at ca. 5–8 µm distance).

Fig. 13.Stylophyllumparadoxum Frech, 1890, NHMW 1982 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 13.Stylophyllumparadoxum Frech, 1890, NHMW 1982/57/100, corallum with aragonitic mineralogy still preserved. Triassic, Rhaetian, Fischerwiese, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. A, B. Transverse section of septa with concentric arrangement of fibers within septal spines (B, enlargement). C–F. Longitudinal sections crossing centers of septal spines; domed, successive layers of aragonite fibers (darker) separated by lighter "voids" infilled by spar (see D, F enlargements). Except for regular voids in spine centers, there is no difference in organization of superimposed layers of fibers within septal spine. All TLM micrographs.

Fig. 5. Flabellum chunii Marenzeller, 1904 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 5. Flabellum chunii Marenzeller, 1904. Recent, Great Meteor Seamount, SEAMOUNT2 (1993), DW 152 (January 11, 1993), 30°02.00'N, 28°22.10'W, 470 m. A. Septa and inner side of wall (A1) thickened by fibers arranged in scale−like units (A2, enlargement); ZPALH.23/2/1. B. Marginothecal wall sectioned longitudinally (large white arrow); layers of successive growth increments (dRAF) continue in wall "stereome", i.e.,TD (small white arrows); ZPAL H.23/2/2. C. Septum longitudinally sectioned in RAF plane. Dissolved or etched components of RAF form narrow "strands" (C2 enlargement); ZPALH.23/2/3. D. Transverse polished and etched section of septum; dRAF zone composed of neighboring dCRA (D1) is from both sides covered with layers of TD fibers (D2) which direction conform to that of scale−like units (i.e., semi−parallel to RAF); ZPALH.23/2/4. All SEM; growth direction within skeletal element i ndicated by black arrow in B.

Fig. 12. Undetermined conophylliid. ZPALH.23 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 12. Undetermined conophylliid. ZPALH.23/9. Triassic (Middle Carnian), San Cassiano Beds, Alpe di Specie, Dolomiti (Italy), corallum still wi th aragonitic mineralogy preserved. B. Transverse polished section of corallite in TLM (A); enlarged portions of longitudinally sectioned septa with regular growth increments of fibers (B). C. Longitudinally polished and etched section of septum with fibers regularly tapered (SEM). D. Transverse, polished and etched septum (SEM) with dCRA ("center of calcification", arrows). E. Septum longitudinally sectioned in dCRA region with domed, successive layers of fibers and occasional (arrow) larger voids between them.

Fig. 10 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 10. Galaxea fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767); ZPAL H.23/7 (originally NMNH 90860 lot). Recent, North Pacific Ocean, Central Philippines (southern parts of islands), coll. J.B. Steere. A. Transverse polished section of septum in TLM; note dRAF in lower right corner (brown "calcification center") and regular growth increments of TD fibers (red arrows). B. SEM of transverse (slightly oblique) polished and etched section of septum; fibers adjacent to dRAF (bottom) show regular tapering periods at ca. 2–3 µm: red arrows). Oblique sectioned dRAD, with dissolved/etched inner components have crescent appearance. C. Transverse polished (slightly oblique) section of septum, TLM view; dRAF show brownish coloration; borders between bundles of fibers only gently outlined (white arrows). D. The same septal fragment as C, stained with acridine orange in MFM view; dRAF exhibit light, green−yellow fluorescence, whereas borders between bundles of fibers (arrows) emphasize greenish fluorescence.

Fig. 9 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 9. Galaxea fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767); ZPAL H.23/7 (originally NMNH 90860 lot). Recent, North Pacific Ocean, Central Philippines (southern parts of islands), collection J.B. Steere. A, B. Morphology of distal septal edge (A) and septal flank spine (B). Note "Persian lamb" texture of skeletal surface (as shown by these fasciculi). C, D. Transverse section of polished and etched septum. Arrow in enlarged (D) fragment (general view in C) shows "blurry", probably organic material in dCRA and adjacent, radiating TD fibers (ca. 3–5 µm growth increments). E, F. Septum longitudinally sectioned in RAF plane; note dissolved/etched dRAF components in longitudinal "strand" (F enlargement). All are SEM.

Fig. 4. Stephanocyathuspaliferus Cairns 1977. ZPALH.23 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 4. Stephanocyathuspaliferus Cairns 1977. ZPALH.23/1. Locality data as in Fig. 1. A–C. AFM (contact mode): height—2D projection (A), phase (B), and height—3D projection (C) images of 5 m2 polished (not etched) septum sectioned in RAF plane; AFM tip was placed in dRAF "strand" region as seen in etched sections (Fig. 3C). D, E. AFM (tapping mode) height—2D projection (D) and phase (E) images of spherical bodies seen on the bottom of dRAF "strand".

Fig. 8 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 8. "Ceratotrochus" magnaghii Cecchini, 1914. A. ZPALH.23/4 in oblique view (A 1); distal septal edge enlarged in A2. A3. "Patches of microcrystals" at growing septal edge (RAF). B. ZPALH.23/5. Polished and etched septum sectioned transversely with dRAF that appear to be com − posed of homogenous "microcrystalline" material, SEM micrograph. C. TL M (C1, C2) and MFM (C3) micrographs of longitudinally sectioned septum ZPALH.23/6 in RAF plane. Organic and mineral phases regularly alternate (grayscale enlargement in C 2); brownish organic dRAF components (C1) stained with acridine orange, fluoresce (C2) with bright−green light. Seemingly homogenous dRAF in transverse section (B), sectioned longitudinally is composed of elongated units spaced ca. 5–7 µm (red arrows in C1). Growth direction of septum indicates black arrow. A. Recent, deep−water specimen, SEAMOUNT 2 cruise, Stat. DW 279, 33°55.60'N, 28°23.70'W, 805 m. B, C. Recent, shallow−water specimen from Mediterranean (Marseille, Riou−Grand Conglu submarine cave), 50 m.

Fig. 1. Stephanocyathuspaliferus Cairns, 1977. ZPALH.23 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 1. Stephanocyathuspaliferus Cairns, 1977. ZPALH.23/1 (originally NMNH 46443 lot). Recent, south of Bonaire, 11°18.8'N, 68°22'W, 384–607 m. Pills sta. P−753. July 26, 1968. A–C. Distal (A), lateral (B), and proximal (C) views of corallum. D, E. SEM of septa and paliform lobes. D. Arrow indicates portion of septum enlarged on E. E. "Patches of microcrystals" (fasciculi of Wise 1972) at the growing septal edge here called the Rapid Acretion Front (RAF).