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FIGURE 2 in Cottus schitsuumsh, a new species of sculpin (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) in the Columbia River basin, Idaho-Montana, USA

FIGURE 2. Outgroup-rooted neighbor-joining tree of Cottus from all available haplotypes based on uncorrected p-distances for cytochrome c subunit 1 sequences. State and province abbreviations are given for North American samples, and river basins are noted for C. beldingii, C. confusus, and C. schitsuumsh in Idaho and Montana. Cottus poecilopus, C. reinii, those in the Cottopsis clade (Kinziger et al. 2005), and the outgroup Leptocottus armatus are not shown.

FIGURE 3 in Cottus schitsuumsh, a new species of sculpin (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) in the Columbia River basin, Idaho-Montana, USA

FIGURE 3. Plot of the first two principal coordinates based on 11 microsatellite loci for Cottus schitsuumsh (triangles) and potentially sympatric C. cognatus (diamonds) and C. rhotheus (squares).

FIGURE 1 in Cottus schitsuumsh, a new species of sculpin (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) in the Columbia River basin, Idaho-Montana, USA

FIGURE 1. Distribution of specimens of Cottus schitsuumsh (filled circles; type location, unfilled star) examined within the upper Spokane River (the Couer d'Alene and St. Joe rivers) in Idaho and the Clark Fork River in Montana. Locations of specimens of other Cottus species examined from adjacent basins are depicted (unfilled squares); others beyond this area are noted in the text. Inset: Columbia River basin in the United States.

FIGURE 7 in Cottus schitsuumsh, a new species of sculpin (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) in the Columbia River basin, Idaho-Montana, USA

FIGURE 7. Lateral pores absent on the caudal peduncle on Cottus schitsuumsh (left) and present on Cottus confusus (right).

FIGURE 3 in Cottus immaculatus, a new species of sculpin (Cottidae) from the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri, USA

FIGURE 3. Enlargement of the tips of dorsal-fin spines (fin-knobs) of male Cottus immaculatus (79 mm SL, HSU 3489). A) first dorsal-fin, B) third and fourth dorsal-fin spines, and C) tip of third dorsal-fin spine.

FIGURE 5 in Cottus immaculatus, a new species of sculpin (Cottidae) from the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri, USA

FIGURE 5. Plot of landmark body depth in percent standard length versus least caudal peduncle depth in percent standard length for Cottus immaculatus (circle), Cottus hypselurus (square) and Cottus bairdii (cross).

FIGURE 4 in Cottus immaculatus, a new species of sculpin (Cottidae) from the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri, USA

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Cottus immaculatus (stippling) and C. hypselurus (horizontal lines) in the Ozark Highlands of Missouri and Arkansas (after Robison and Buchanan, 1988; Pflieger, 1997). Material examined of Cottus immaculatus (squares) and comparative material of Cottus hypselurus (circles). Inset is combined range of Cottus immaculatus and Cottus hypselurus.

FIGURE 1 in Cottus immaculatus, a new species of sculpin (Cottidae) from the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri, USA

FIGURE 1. Cottus immaculatus (A) male 63 mm SL, holotype, USNM 396996, and (B) male, 60.44 mm SL. Photographs by J.F. Switzer.

FIGURE 2 in Cottus immaculatus, a new species of sculpin (Cottidae) from the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri, USA

FIGURE 2. Pigmentation of the ventral surface of the peritoneum in: (A) Cottus bairdii (HSU 3506, 59.9 mm SL) with moderate to strong peritoneum pigmentation, and (B) Cottus immaculatus (HSU 3489, 80.0 mm SL) with weak peritoneum pigmentation.

opennotspecifiedNov 2019View details →

FIGURE 1 in The trophic niche of sculpins Cottus spp. in forage fish assemblages of boreal lakes

FIGURE 1 Biplots of trophic niche positions (total mass size-adjusted muscle δ15N vs δ13C) for individual small-bodied fishes sampled from representative Far North Lakes, (a) Goods and (b) Kapkichi and Near North Lakes, (c) Temagami and (d) Wanapitei, of Ontario, Canada. Trophic niches, represented by fitted 1 SD bivariate ellipses, of Cottus spp (,) and all other species (,); numbers beside ellipses correspond to the species index of Table 2

opennotspecifiedNov 2019View details →

FIGURE 2 in The trophic niche of sculpins Cottus spp. in forage fish assemblages of boreal lakes

FIGURE 2 Boxplots (, median;, interquartile range;, 1.5 times the length of the box;, outliers) showing separation of trophic niche positions in δ13C–δ15N space (distance between centroids) between Cottus spp. and (a) all co-habiting small-bodied fish species and (b) Perca flavescens, for Far North and Near North Lakes of Ontario, Canada. Test results are for two-sample t-tests

FIGURE 7 in Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic hypotheses generated by TreeMix from genotype calls with Cottus beldingii designated as the root, permitting no migration (A), one migration edge (B) and two migration edges (C). A minimum-spanning network is shown in panel D generated from cytochrome b data from Inland Riffle Sculpin individuals. Color-coding of taxa is shown in the figure key.

FIGURE 6 in Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA

FIGURE 6. Species tree generated from genotype calls with SVDQuartets. The tree is rooted by Cottus asper and C. beldingii. Circles at tips are proportional to sample size and colored by taxon. Nodal support was maximal (bootstrap support = 100%) for all nodes, and is not indicated.

FIGURE 4 in Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA

FIGURE 4. Principal Components analyses of genome-wide SNP data from all sampling locations in study (A) and from locations where the fish were only identified as Riffle or Pit Sculpin when collected (B). Points are color coded by taxon as indicated in the legend with sampling locations indicated corresponding to Table 2. The total variance explained by each Principal Component is indicated in the axis labels.

FIGURE 5 in Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA

FIGURE 5. Admixture analysis of all sampling locations from K = 2 to 6 genetic clusters. Sampling locations along the x-axis are color coded by sampling location as in Figure 4 and correspond to Table 2. Cottus taxa are designated on the x-axis.

FIGURE 3 in Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA

FIGURE 3. (A) Distribution of Cottus pitensis in northeastern California (light green). This distribution is mostly in streams of the Pit River basin in California but extends into Oregon tributaries of Goose Lake (upper right corner of map). (B) Drawing of C. pitensis holotype from Bailey and Bond (1963), collected from the North Fork Pit River, Modoc County, CA.

FIGURE 2 in Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA

FIGURE 2. Distribution of Riffle Sculpin taxa in California, described in the text. Pit Sculpin (Cottus pitensis) is found in the northeast (light green). Inland Riffle Sculpin (Cottus gulosus) is found mainly in streams of the Central Valley (blue/orange), while Coastal Riffle Sculpin (Cottus ohlone) is confined to coastal and South San Francisco Bay watersheds (yellow/pink).

FIGURE 1 in Cryptic Species of Freshwater Sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA

FIGURE 1. Inland (A, B) and Coastal (C, D) Riffle Sculpins from the UC Davis Museum of Wildlife and Fish Biology. (A) San Joaquin Riffle Sculpin, Cottus gulosus gulosus. WFB-277-08-09. Kaweah River, Tulare County, California (68 mm SL, 82 mm TL). Coll. Larry Brown, September 10, 1985. Holotype is same as for C. gulosus (USNM 291). (B) Sacramento Riffle Sculpin, Cottus gulosus wintu. Holotype WFB-3464. North Fork Feather River, Butte County, California (78 mm SL, 96 mm TL). Coll. Jason Baumsteiger, October 5, 2017. (C) Coastal Riffle Sculpin, Cottus ohlone. Holotype. WFB-3402. Also, holotype for Ohlone Sculpin, C. o. ohlone. Guadalupe River, Santa Clara County, California (65 mm SL, 79 mm TL). Coll: J. J. Smith, November 18, 1986. (D) Pomo Riffle Sculpin, Cottus ohlone pomo. Holotype. WFB-3396. Pieta Creek near mouth on Russian River, Mendocino County, California (90 mm SL, 105 mm TL). Coll. P Moyle, J. Baumsteiger, August 2, 2017.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

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Data from: Adaptive genomic divergence under high gene flow between freshwater and brackish-water ecotypes of prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) revealed by Pool-Seq

Understanding the genomic basis of adaptive divergence in the presence of gene flow remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. In prickly sculpin (Cottus asper), an abundant euryhaline fish in northwestern North America, high genetic connectivity among brackish-water (estuarine) and freshwater (tributary) habitats of coastal rivers does not preclude the build-up of neutral genetic differentiation and emergence of different life history strategies. Because these two habitats present different osmotic niches, we predicted high genetic differentiation at known teleost candidate genes underlying salinity tolerance and osmoregulation. We applied whole-genome sequencing of pooled DNA samples (Pool-Seq) to explore adaptive divergence between two estuarine and two tributary habitats. Paired-end sequence reads were mapped against genomic contigs of European Cottus, and the gene content of candidate regions was explored based on comparisons with the threespine stickleback genome. Genes showing signals of repeated differentiation among brackish-water and freshwater habitats included functions such as ion transport and structural permeability in freshwater gills, which suggests that local adaptation to different osmotic niches might contribute to genomic divergence among habitats. Overall, the presence of both repeated and unique signatures of differentiation across many loci scattered throughout the genome is consistent with polygenic adaptation from standing genetic variation and locally variable selection pressures in the early stages of life history divergence.