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24 results for “Semi-arid savannas”
Large herbivores maintain a two-phase herbaceous vegetation mosaic in a semi-arid savanna
<ol> <li>Many arid and semi-arid rangelands exhibit distinct spatial patterning of vegetated and bare-soil-dominated patches. The latter potentially represent a grazing-induced, degraded ecosystem state, but could also arise via mechanisms related to feedbacks between vegetation cover and soil moisture availability that are unrelated to grazing. The degree to which grazing contributes to the formation or maintenance of degraded patches has been widely discussed and modelled, but empirical studies of the role of grazing in their formation, persistence, and reversibility are limited. </li> <li>We report on a long-term (17 yr) grazing removal experiment in a semi-arid savanna where vegetated patches composed of perennial grasses were interspersed within large (>10 m<sup>2</sup>) patches of bare soil. </li> <li>Short term (3 yr) grazing removal did not allow bare patches to become revegetated, whereas following long-term (17 yr) grazing removal, bare soil patches were revegetated by a combination of stoloniferous grasses and tufted bunchgrasses. In the presence of grazers, stoloniferous grasses partially recolonized bare patches, but this did not lead to full recovery or to the establishment of tufted bunchgrasses. </li> <li>These results show that grazers alter both the balance between bare and vegetated patches, as well as the types of grasses dominating both patch types in this semiarid savanna. </li> <li>Synthesis: Large herbivores fundamentally shaped the composition and spatial pattern of the herbaceous layer by maintaining a two-phase herbaceous mosaic. However, bare patches within this mosaic can recover given herbivore removal over sufficiently long time scales, and hence do not represent a permanently degraded ecosystem state. </li> </ol>
Semi-arid African savanna habitat suitability for two Vachellia species
<p><span>The habitat suitability of <em>Vachellia</em> <em>stuhlmannii</em> and <em>Vachellia</em> <em>tortilis</em> was assessed using Maximum Entropy model. Location data was collected and nineteen bioclimatic variables data for 1950 to 2000 downloaded from the WorldClim database. Soils were analyzed to investigate their influence on habitat suitability of the two species. MaxEnt effectively predicted current habitat suitability with an average test Area Under Curve value of 0.936 for <em>V. stuhlmannii</em> and 0.689 for <em>V. tortilis</em>. Key influential variables were BIO-1 (Annual mean temperature) with 71.7% highest gain for <em>V. stuhlmannii</em> and BIO-17 (Precipitation of driest quarter) with 65.3% highest gain for <em>V. tortilis</em>. However, BIO-14 (Precipitation of driest month) exhibited limited influence in predicting habitat suitability for both species.<em> V. stuhlmannii</em> occupies twenty-nine hectares and <em>V. tortilis</em> covers 102 hectares. Both species predominantly occur on Prismacutanic/pedocutanic B-horizons. <em>V. tortilis</em> also thrive on Glenrosa and Mispah soils, which are crucial for diverse plant and animal life. These findings have practical implications for conservation efforts aimed at protecting both species. Identifying suitable habitats and preserving soil types is crucial as soil affects microclimate conditions and influences moisture retention. Overall, this study provides insights for the conservation of <em>V. stuhlmannii </em>and<em> V. tortilis</em> in the semi-arid African savanna.</span></p>
Semi-arid African savanna habitat suitability for two Vachellia species
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Large herbivores maintain a two-phase herbaceous vegetation mosaic in a semi-arid savanna
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