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FIG. 30 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 30. — Paraseraphs armoricus (Vasseur, 1882) under UV light: A-F, MNHN A28788, Saffré (Bois Gouët), Loire-Atlantique, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, C, detailed views of the dots (C in negative view); D, labral view; E, detailed view of the dots; F, dorsal view). Scale bars: A, D, F, 10 mm; B, C, E, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 10 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 10. — Seraphs olivaceus (Cossmann, 1889) under UV light: A-C, MNHN A28560 (leg. Pacaud), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; A, dorsal view; B, abapertural view; C, detailed view of the dots;D, E, MNHN A29057 (Houdas coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; D, dorsal view; E, abapertural view; F-H, neotype, MNHN A28885 (leg. Pacaud), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; F, dorsal view; G, labral view; H, detailed view of the dots. Scale bars: A, B, D-G, 10 mm; C, 5 mm; H, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 9 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 9. — Seraphs sopitus (Solander in Brander, 1766) under UV light: A-D, MNHN A28884, Saint-Witz (Le Guépelle), Val d'Oise, France, Bartonian; A, dorsal view; B, labral view; C, D, detailed views of the dots; E-H, MNHN A27526, Saint-Witz (Le Guépelle), Bartonian; E, dorsal view; F, abapertural view; G, H, detailed views of the dots; I-K, MNHN A28778, Le Limon, Seine-et-Marne, France, Bartonian; I, dorsal view; J, detailed view of the dots; K, abapertural view. Scale bars: A, B, E, F, I, K, 10 mm; C, D, J, 2 mm; G, H, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda and P. Loubry (MNHN).

FIG. 8 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 8. — Oldest known specimens of Seraphs volutatus (Solander in Brander, 1766) under UV light: A-D, MNHN A30419, Sapicourt, Marne, France, Ypresian (Cuisian); A, dorsal view; B, C, detailed view of the dots; D, labral view; E, F, MNHN A30420, Sapicourt, Ypresian (Cuisian); E, dorsal view; F, labral view. Scale bars: A, D, E, F, 5 mm; B, C, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 7 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 7. — Seraphs volutatus (Solander in Brander, 1766) under UV light: A, B, G, MNHN A28873, Grignon, Yvelines, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; G, detailed view of the dots; C, D, MNHN A28876, Grignon, Lutetian; C, ventral view; D, dorsal view; E, F, MNHN A28875 (Valenciennes coll.), Fontenay-en-Vexin, Eure, France, Lutetian; E, ventral view; F, dorsal view; H, I, MNHN A28874, Grignon, Lutetian; H, ventral view; I, dorsal view. Scale bars: A-F, H, I, 10 mm; G, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 4 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 4. — Descriptive terminology of the residual colour patterns of the Seraphsidae Jung, 1974: A, paratype of Seraphs peterjungi n. sp. (apical part), MNHN A28931 (leg. Pacaud), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; B, Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974 (apical part), MNHN A28958 (Faullummel coll.), Saint-Gobain, Aisne, France, Ypresian (Cuisian); C, Terebellum terebellum (Linnaeus, 1758) (median part), MNHN IM, Atoll de Surprise, New Caledonia, Recent; D, Paraseraphs tetanus (median part), MNHN A28943, Cuise-Lamotte (Butte-des-Usages), Oise, France, Ypresian (Cuisian); A, B, D, under UV light; C, in normal light. Abbreviations: asg, axial segment; ast, axial stripes; sl, spiral line; srd, spiral row of dots. Scale bars: 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 1 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 1. — Variability of the extant species Terebellum terebellum (Linnaeus, 1758) in dorsal view and normal light: A, T. terebellum form delicatum Kuroda & Kawamoto, 1961, MNHN IM, Segond Channel, Santo, Vanuatu; B, H, I, T. terebellum form punctulorum (RÖding, 1798); C-G, T. terebellum form lineatum (RÖding, 1798); B, MNHN IM, Grand Récif Sud, New Caledonia; C, MNHN IM, Lagon Nord, New Caledonia; D, MNHN IM, unknown locality; E, MNHN IM, New Caledonia; F, MNHN IM, Grand Récif Sud, New Caledonia; G, MNHN IM, Atoll de Surprise, New Caledonia; H, MNHN IM, Grand Récif Sud, New Caledonia; I, MNHN IM, Grand Récif Sud, New Caledonia. Scale bars: 10 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 5 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 5. — Comparison between the colour patterns of fossil and Recent Seraphsidae Jung, 1974: A-C, Seraphs volutatus (Solander in Brander, 1766), MNHN A28873, Grignon, Yvelines, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, detailed view of the dots; D, E, Terebellum terebellum (Linnaeus, 1758), MNHN IM, Baie des Citrons, Nouméa, New Caledonia, Recent; D, dorsal view; E, detailed view of the dots; F, G, Paraseraphs placitus Jung, 1974, MNHN A29168 (leg. Pacaud), Chaussy, Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; F, dorsal view; G, detailed view of the dots; A-C, F, G, under UV light in negative view; D, E, in normal light. Scale bars: A, B, D, F, 10 mm; C, G, 2 mm; E, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 6 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 6. — Seraphs Montfort, 1810 shells in normal light: A-E, S. volutatus (Solander in Brander, 1766); A-C, MNHN A28776 (ex Galerie de Zoologie coll.), Grignon, Yvelines, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, labral view; C, dorsal view; D, E, lectotype of Terebellum convolutum Lamarck, 1802, MNHN B70325 (Lamarck coll.), Grignon, Lutetian; D, ventral view; E, dorsal view; F, G, S. sopitus (Solan- der in Brander, 1766), MNHN A28778 (Faullummel coll.), Le Limon, Seine-et-Marne, France, Bartonian; F, ventral view; G, labral view; H-J, S. olivaceus (Cossmann, 1889); H, I, MNHN A28577 (Ledon coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val d'Oise, France, Lutetian; H, ventral view; I, dorsal view; J, MNHN A29225, labral view (Ledon coll.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian. Scale bars: 10 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIG. 3 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 3. — Descriptive terminology of the residual colour patterns of the Seraphsidae Jung, 1974: A, B, Paraseraphs placitus Jung, 1974, MNHN A28963 (Ballot coll.), Grignon, Yvelines, France, Lutetian; A, apical part; B, detailed view of the dots; C, D, Seraphs volutatus (Solander in Brander, 1766), MNHN A28873, Grignon, Lutetian; C, apical part; D, detailed view of the dots; E, S. chilophorus (Cossmann, 1889), MNHN A28922 (leg. Pacaud), Fercourt, Oise, France, Lutetian (apical part). Abbreviations: coad, coalescence of dots; d, dot; ds, darker spot; ls, lighter spot; p, patch. All pictures taken under UV light. Scale bars: A, C, E, 5 mm; B, D, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).

FIGURE 9 in Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)

FIGURE 9. Terebellum Röding, 1798. A. Terebellum delicatum Kuroda & Kawamoto in Kawamoto & Tanabe, 1956, Khánh Hòa, Nha Trang, Vietnam, length 27 mm (NMR 54693). B. Terebellum hubrechti Poppe & Tagaro, 2016, Caubian Deep, Bohol, Philippine, length 33.2 mm (image Conchology Inc.). C. Terebellum simoni Dekkers et al., 2019, Bohol Island, Philippines, length 50.6 mm (Paratype 1, AMD STR2269). D. Terebellum terebellum. D1. Vanuatu, length 63.4 mm (Coll. Guido and Philippe Poppe, 464722). D2. Solomon Islands, size unknown (NMR 44172). D3. Solomon Islands, size unknown (NMR 54964). D4. Leyte, Philippines, length 41.3 mm (Coll. Guido and Philippe Poppe, 378696).

FIGURE 6. Dimeza Deshayes, 1865, Miniseraphs Jung 1974 in Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)

FIGURE 6. Dimeza Deshayes, 1865, Miniseraphs Jung 1974 and Mauryna de Gregorio 1880. A. Diameza fragilis (Defrance, 1825), MNHN A28784, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 6.9 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 20A, C & E). B. Miniseraphs eratoides (Cossmann, 1889), MNHN A28785, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 8.3 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 20F–H). C. Miniseraphs isabella (Deshayes, 1865), MNHN A28783, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 7.5 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 20M–O). D. Mauryna plicata (d'Archiac & Haime, 1853), NMB H15324, length 51 mm.

FIGURE 5. Seraphs Montfort, 1810. A in Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)

FIGURE 5. Seraphs Montfort, 1810. A. Seraphs minus (Vincent, 1913), length 7.1 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 6, figs. 9, 10). B. Seraphs naricus (Vredenberg, 1925), holotype, GSI 12614, length 38.6 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 6, figs. 20–22). C. Seraphs olivaceus (Cossmann, 1889), MNHN A28577, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 32 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 6H, I). D. Seraphs peterjungi Caze et al., 2010, holotype, MNHN A28578, Collection de Paleontologie, length 16 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 15J, K, N). E. Seraphs placiferus (Bayan, 1870), lectotype, MNHN G2100, length 33.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 7, figs. 5–7). F. Seraphs sopita (Brander, 1766), lectotype, NHMUK GG21010, length 26.4 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 1, figs. 1–3). G. Seraphs squamosus (Martin, 1914), Lectotype, RGM, Leiden St10344, length 37.1 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 6, figs. 17–19). H. Seraphs striatus (von Koenen, 1889), holotype, length 38.5 mm (von Koenen 1889, pl. I, figs. 7A–C). I. Seraphs subconvolutus (d'Orbigny, 1852), lectotype, MNHN UBT65-2-120, length 28 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 14A, B). J. Seraphs volutatus (Brander, 1766), MNHN A28776, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 17 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 6A–C).

FIGURE 1. The single tnt generated maximum likelihood cladogram showing internal cladistic relationships within Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 in Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)

FIGURE 1. The single tnt generated maximum likelihood cladogram showing internal cladistic relationships within Seraphsidae Jung, 1974.

FIGURE 2 in Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)

FIGURE 2. Temporal distribution of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974: solid lines indicate presence; dotted lines indicate a geological discontinuities and hypothetical internal relationship.

FIGURE 8 in Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)

FIGURE 8. Pseudoterebellum new genus and Terebellum Röding, 1798. A. Pseudoterebellum diversiornatum (Eames, 1952), holotype, NHMUK GG68239, length 10.1 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 14, figs. 12–14). B. Pseudoterebellum oympiae (Rolando, 2001), holotype, MGPD 28168, length 20.9 mm (Rolando 2001, fig. 2). C. Pseudoterebellum saudiensis (Abbass, 1972), holotype, ASU S53, length 25 mm (Abbass 1972, pl. V, figs. 1, 2). D. Terebellum cinctum Martin, 1916, holotype, RGM St10337, length 34.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 13, figs. 4, 6). E. Terebellum obtusum Sowerby, 1840, holotype, NHMUK GG21000, length 42.2 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 13, figs. 17, 18). F. Terebellum papilliferum Martin, 1916, lectotype, RGM St10339, length 28 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 13, figs. 9, 11).

FIGURE 4. Seraphs Montfort, 1810. A in Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)

FIGURE 4. Seraphs Montfort, 1810. A. Seraphs andersoni (Dickerson, 1917), holotype, CAS Department of Geology 434, length 38 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 9, fig. 5). B. Seraphs belemnitus (Palmer, 1953), PRI 29236, length 48.2 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 6, figs. 12–14). C. Seraphs caracassense (Leymerie, 1846), BMNH G50180, length 51.3mm (Jung 1974, pl. 4, figs. 10, 11). D. Seraphs chilophorus (Cossmann, 1889), MNHN A28779, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 29 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 15A, B, D). E. Seraphs hernandoensis (Mansfield, 1937), holotype, USNM 495948, length 31.4 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 9, figs. 7–9). F. Seraphs kaindraperi new sp., holotype, USNM 135098, length 50.6 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4). G. Seraphs leukoleptus Jung, 1974, neotype, MNHN A28781, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 27.6 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 11F, H, I). H. Seraphs mayeri Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H16579, length 21.4 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 8, figs. 16–18).

FIGURE 3. The clade Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 in Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)

FIGURE 3. The clade Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 derived from character analysis and contextualised with the fossil record showing the ancestral Seraphsinae and crown clade Pseudoterebellinae both new subfamilies.

FIGURE 7. Paraseraphs Jung, 1974. A in Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)

FIGURE 7. Paraseraphs Jung, 1974. A. Paraseraphs ameri (Abbass, 1967), Holotype, EMC, Gastropod Section, G363, incomplete (Abbass 1967, p. 61, pl. VIII, fig. 6). B. Paraseraphs armoricensis (Cossmann, 1897), Dumas Collection, length 22.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 16–18). C. Paraseraphs cantamessae Maxwell et al., 2018a, holotype, USNM 135097A, length 56.9 mm (Maxwell et al. 2018a, fig. 1). D. Paraseraphs erraticus (Cooper, 1894)), UCMP 15820, length 26.8 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 12, figs. 8–10). E. Paraseraphs placitus Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H14491, length 22.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 16–18). F. Paraseraphs praecedens Caze et al., 2010, holotype, MNHN A05707, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 19 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 29E, F). G. Paraseraphs procerus (Merian, 1844), holotype, NMB H14374, length 71.8 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2). H. Paraseraphs propedistortus (de Gregorio, 1880), NMB H14509, length 53.2 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 11, figs. 12–13). I. Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H15409, length 28.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 5–7). J) Paraseraphs texanopsis Garvie, 2013, Texas Natural Science Centre, UT(Austin), NPL46617, length 53.3 mm (Garvie 2013, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11).

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FIG. 2 in First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)

FIG. 2. — Variability of the extant species Terebellum terebellum (Linnaeus, 1758) in dorsal view and normal light: A-D, T. terebellum form punctulorum (RÖding, 1798); E, T. terebellum form delicatum Kuroda & Kawamoto, 1961, MNHN IM, Segond Channel, Santo, Vanuatu; F-J, T. terebellum form nebulosum (RÖding, 1798); A, MNHN IM, Grand Récif Sud, New Caledonia; B, MNHN IM, Grand Récif Sud, New Caledonia; C, MNHN IM, Secteur de Balabio, New Caledonia; D, MNHN IM, Grand Récif Sud, New Caledonia; F, MNHN IM, Plateau des Chesterfield; G, MNHN IM, Plateau des Chesterfield); H, MNHN IM, Aésé Island, Santo, Vanuatu; I, MNHN IM, Baie des Citrons, Nouméa, New Caledonia; J, MNHN IM, Quatre Bancs de l'Ouest, lagoon of Nouméa, New Caledonia; K, T. terebellum, MNHN IM, Plateau des Chesterfield. Scale bars: 10 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN).