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36 results for “Serengeti”
Data from: Elephant damage, not fire or rainfall, explains mortality of overstorey trees in Serengeti
Generalizations about the drivers of tree demography in tropical savannahs continue to prove difficult because of the complex and dynamic interactions involved, and because multi-year datasets spanning meaningful gradients in potential drivers are lacking. Overstorey trees play disproportionate roles in the long-term dynamics and functioning of savannah ecosystems. Understanding demographic patterns in these trees is complicated by their resprouting ability after being top-killed and few studies have attempted to separate top-kill from true mortality events. We examined the interactive effects of fire frequency, mean annual precipitation and elephant herbivory on overstorey (>2m) tree mortality between 2009 and 2014 across 32 permanent vegetation plots in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania. Mean tree mortality over the study period was 0.28 ± 0.02 (0.07 yr−1). Among trees that were top-killed (19.1% of all individuals), 31.2% resprouted. Mortality was driven largely by elephant herbivory, though mortality rates varied considerably across space and tree species. Fire frequency and mean annual rainfall were weak predictors of tree mortality. Over the five year period, chronic elephant herbivory (i.e., repeated through time) was a stronger predictor of tree mortality than maximum elephant herbivory, suggesting that repeated, low-intensity damage from elephants was more important to mortality than acute, but infrequent, damage. Elephants disproportionately damaged certain tree species relative to their availability on the landscape, and the tolerance to damage differed by species as well. Acacia senegal was strongly selected and appeared to have low tolerance to damage when it occurred, resulting in a mortality rate of 0.736 ± 0.052 (0.234 yr−1) over the study period. Topkilling and resprouting rates varied across species, with Acacias generally having low resprout rates. Synthesis. Our study highlights the considerable role that chronic herbivory plays in structuring savannah tree populations, irrespective of prevailing fire and rainfall conditions, and provides important vegetative context to the dramatic recent declines and (in the case of Serengeti) increases in savannah elephant densities in sub-Saharan Africa.
On following pages: 164. Johnston's Wildebeest (Connochaetes johnstoni); 165. Eastern White-bearded Wildebeest (Connochaetes albojubatus); 166. Serengeti White-bearded Wildebeest (Connochaetes mearnsi). in Bovidae
On following pages: 164. Johnston's Wildebeest (Connochaetes johnstoni); 165. Eastern White-bearded Wildebeest (Connochaetes albojubatus); 166. Serengeti White-bearded Wildebeest (Connochaetes mearnsi).
On following pages: 154. Western Tsessebe (Damaliscus lunatus); 155. Bangweulu Tsessebe (Damaliscus superstes ugandae); 159. Ruaha Topi (Damaliscus eurus); 160. Serengeti Topi (Damaliscus jimela); 161. Coastal Topi (Damaliscus); 156. Korrigum (Damaliscus korrigum); 157. Tiang (Damaliscus tiang); 158. Uganda Topi (Damaliscus top). in Bovidae
On following pages: 154. Western Tsessebe (Damaliscus lunatus); 155. Bangweulu Tsessebe (Damaliscus superstes ugandae); 159. Ruaha Topi (Damaliscus eurus); 160. Serengeti Topi (Damaliscus jimela); 161. Coastal Topi (Damaliscus); 156. Korrigum (Damaliscus korrigum); 157. Tiang (Damaliscus tiang); 158. Uganda Topi (Damaliscus top).
Distribution. Restricted to the Serengeti— Mara ecosystem in S Kenya and N Tanzania, within which the bulk of the population migrates N and S seasonally. in Bovidae
Distribution. Restricted to the Serengeti— Mara ecosystem in S Kenya and N Tanzania, within which the bulk of the population migrates N and S seasonally.
Distribution. SE Kenya and NE Tanzania. The Fringe-eared Oryx is geographically separated from the Galla Oryx by the Tana River and Aberdare Mts in S Kenya. Its range began to spread into the Serengeti in the 1970s. in Bovidae
Distribution. SE Kenya and NE Tanzania. The Fringe-eared Oryx is geographically separated from the Galla Oryx by the Tana River and Aberdare Mts in S Kenya. Its range began to spread into the Serengeti in the 1970s.
"Amala River" (= upper course of Mara River), Kenya. Although M. pernanus is grouped in the genus Mastomys based on morphological grounds, molecular data from one speci men grouped it with Hylomyscus. Monotypic. Distribution. Mostly Serengeti Plains on the border between Kenya and Tanzania, with an aberrant specimen from EC Tanzania and an unconfirmed record from Rwanda. in Muridae
"Amala River" (= upper course of Mara River), Kenya. Although M. pernanus is grouped in the genus Mastomys based on morphological grounds, molecular data from one speci men grouped it with Hylomyscus. Monotypic. Distribution. Mostly Serengeti Plains on the border between Kenya and Tanzania, with an aberrant specimen from EC Tanzania and an unconfirmed record from Rwanda.
Data from: Snapshot Serengeti, high-frequency annotated camera trap images of 40 mammalian species in an African savanna
Camera traps can be used to address large-scale questions in community ecology by providing systematic data on an array of wide-ranging species. We deployed 225 camera traps across 1,125 km2 in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, to evaluate spatial and temporal inter-species dynamics. The cameras have operated continuously since 2010 and had accumulated 99,241 camera-trap days and produced 1.2 million sets of pictures by 2013. Members of the general public classified the images via the citizen-science website www.snapshotserengeti.org. Multiple users viewed each image and recorded the species, number of individuals, associated behaviours, and presence of young. Over 28,000 registered users contributed 10.8 million classifications. We applied a simple algorithm to aggregate these individual classifications into a final 'consensus' dataset, yielding a final classification for each image and a measure of agreement among individual answers. The consensus classifications and raw imagery provide an unparalleled opportunity to investigate multi-species dynamics in an intact ecosystem and a valuable resource for machine-learning and computer-vision research.
Elephant agricultural use metrics in Mara-Serengeti ecosystem
<p>Agricultural use metrics were calculated for 66 elephants as part of a study to characterize crop use tactics in the Mara-Serengeti ecosystem in Kenya and Tanzania. Metrics were calculated to capture mean agricultural use, maximum use from a moving average, and the difference between mean and max use. These metrics were used to classify agricultural use tactics for each elephant using Gaussian mixture models. Tables are provided with metrics and tactic classifications for the lifetime track (TableS3) and individual years (TableS4). Data contained in these files can be used to reproduce and further investigate Guassian mixture model clustering and cutpoint calculation, agricultural use linear mixed models, and tactic change generalized logistic mixed models in Hahn et al. 2021. </p>
Data from: Snapshot Serengeti, high-frequency annotated camera trap images of 40 mammalian species in an African savanna
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Microbial community structure across grazing treatments and environmental gradients in the Serengeti
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Elephant agricultural use metrics in Mara-Serengeti ecosystem
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Data from: Elephant damage, not fire or rainfall, explains mortality of overstorey trees in Serengeti
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Data from: Grass competition overwhelms effects of herbivores and precipitation on early tree establishment in Serengeti
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Distribution. Restricted to the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem in S Kenya and N Tanzania. in Bovidae
Distribution. Restricted to the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem in S Kenya and N Tanzania.
Phylogeography and population structure of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes in Kenya and the Serengeti ecosystem
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Distribution. SE Tanzania (Upper Ruaha/ Lake Rukwa ecosystem). It is not known if there are any populations between this area and the Serengeti ecosystem where the Serengeti Topi (D. jimela) occurs. in Bovidae
Distribution. SE Tanzania (Upper Ruaha/ Lake Rukwa ecosystem). It is not known if there are any populations between this area and the Serengeti ecosystem where the Serengeti Topi (D. jimela) occurs.
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