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54 results for “Silurus”
Exceptional longevity in northern peripheral populations of Wels catfish (Silurus glanis)
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Data from: Chromosome-level assembly of Southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis) provides insights into visual adaptation to the nocturnal and benthic lifestyles
Southern catfish (<i><span>Silurus meridionalis</span></i>) is a nocturnal and benthic freshwater fish endemic to the Yangtze River and its tributaries with an important economic value but a drastically declining wild population. In this study, we constructed a chromosome-level draft genome of <i><span>S. meridionalis</span></i> using 69.7 Gb Nanopore long reads and 49.5 Gb Illumina short reads. The genome assembly was 741.2 Mb in size with a contig N50 of 13.19 Mb. An additional 116.4 Gb of Bionano and 77.4 Gb of Hi-C data were applied to assemble contigs into scaffolds and further into 29 chromosomes, resulting in a 738.9 Mb genome with a scaffold N50 of 28.04 Mb. A total of 22,965 protein-coding genes were predicted from the genome with 22,519 (98.06%) genes functionally annotated. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that catfish possess a rod-dominated visual system which is responsible for scotopic vision. The absence of cone opsins SWS1 and SWS2 resulted in the lack of UV and violet sensitivity. Mutations at key amino acid sites of RH1.1, RH1.2 and RH2 resulted in spectral tuning good for dim light vision and narrow color vision. A higher expression level of rod phototransduction genes than that of cone genes and higher rod-to-cone ratio leaded to higher optical sensitivity under dim light conditions. In addition, analysis of the genes involved in eye morphogenesis and development revealed the loss of conserved noncoding elements (CNEs), which might be associated with the small eyes in catfish. Taken together, our study provided important clues for the adaptation of the catfish visual system to a benthic lifestyle. The draft genome of <i><span>S. meridionalis</span></i> represents a valuable resource for elucidation of molecular mechanism of ecological adaptation, as well as genetic breeding in aquaculture.
Figs 1-9. Glanitaenia osculata from Silurus glanis, Switzerland. 1-7 in An emendation of the generic diagnosis of the monotypic Glanitaenia (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), with notes on the geographical distribution of G. osculata, a parasite of invasive wels catfish
Figs 1-9. Glanitaenia osculata from Silurus glanis, Switzerland. 1-7. Scanning electron micrographs (INVE-PLAT-91260). (1) Scolex, dorsoventral view. (2) Scolex, apical view. (3) Scolex, lateral view. (4) Acicular filitriches on the apex of the scolex. (5) Papilliform filitriches on the internal surface of suckers. (6) Capilliform filitriches between the suckers. (7) Gladiate spinitriches on the external surface of the proliferation zone (neck). (8, 9.) Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of the scolex (INVE-PLAT-91260). (8) Detail of the apical part of the scolex showing an apical sucker. (9) Detail of the dense network of osmoregulatory canals in the posterior part of the scolex and the anterior part of the neck (proliferation zone).
FIGURE 14 in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 14. Lateral view of head. a. Silurus tomodai sp. nov., BMNH 2018.5.29.1 (formerly FRLM 53218), paratype, 159 mm SL, Isuzu River system, Mie Prefecture; b. S. asotus, 52851, 210 mm SL, Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture.
FIGURE 13 in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 13. Body shape in preserved specimens. a. Silurus tomodai sp. nov., holotype, FRLM 52893, holotype, 508 mm SL, Kushida River system, Mie Prefecture; b. S. lithophilus, NSMT-P 31194 (formerly MIKU 34414), paratype, 523 mm SL, Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture.
FIGURE 12 in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 12. Relationships between body depth at 10th anal-fin ray (a), head length (b) and pre-dorsal-fin length (c) to standard length in Silurus tomodai sp. nov. (blue circles) and S. lithophilus (red circles). Closed arrows indicate the holotype of S. tomodai and open arrows indicate that of S. lithophlus.
FIGURE 11 in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 11. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of mtDNA cytochrome b (1110 bp) of Silurus tomodai sp. nov., S. asotus, S. biwaensis, and S. lithophilus with the GTR+G model. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap probabilities of 1,000 resamplings (values <70% not shown).
FIGURE 7 in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 7. Variation in Silurus tomodai sp. nov. a. Live specimen, ANSP 203160, paratype, 255 mm SL, Shonai River system, Gifu Prefecture (photographed by T. Nishimura); b. live specimen, FRLM 52858, paratype, 210 mm SL, Shonai River system, Gifu Prefecture; c. fresh specimen, ANSP 203160 (just after death); d. fresh specimen (about six hours after death), FRLM 52858.
FIGURE 9. Mature eggs. a in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 9. Mature eggs. a. Silurus tomodai sp. nov., FRLM 52939, paratype, 514 mm SL, Kumozu River system, Mie Prefecture; b. S. asotus, FRLM 52938, 371 mm SL, artificial pond in Azumino, Nagano Prefecture.
FIGURE 6. Mesethmoid bones. a in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 6. Mesethmoid bones. a. Silurus tomodai sp. nov., FRLM 54428, paratype, 325 mm SL, Miya River system, Mie Prefecture; b. S. lithophilus, FRLM 54427, 485 mm SL, Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture.
FIGURE 2 in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 2. Live condition of Silurus tomodai sp. nov., FRLM 52893, holotype, 508 mm SL, Kushida River system, Mie Prefecture (photographed by R. Matsuo).
FIGURE 4 in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 4. Shape of vomerine tooth band. a. Silurus tomodai sp. nov., FRLM 52843, paratype, 412 mm SL, Kamo River system, Mie Prefecture; b. S. tomodai sp. nov., FRLM 52893, holotype, 508 mm SL, Kushida River system, Mie Prefecture; c. S. tomodai sp. nov., FRLM 52877, paratype, 499 mm SL, Yahagi River system, Aichi Prefecture; d. S. asotus, FRLM 52845, Nikko River, Aichi Prefecture; e. S. asotus, FRLM 52856, 316 mm SL, Zenta River, Aichi Prefecture; f. S. lithophilus, FRLM 52940, Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture.
FIGURE 5 in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 5. Pectoral-fin spines of Silurus tomodai sp. nov., dorsal views (a, c) and ventral views (b, d). a, b. FRLM 52843, paratype (male), 412 mm SL, Kamo River system, Mie Prefecture; c, d. FRLM 52862, paratype (female), 357 mm SL, Kamo River system, Mie Prefecture.
FIGURE 1 in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 1. Distribution of Silurus tomodai sp. nov. and S. lithophilus. a. Distributional prefectures of S. tomodai verified by museum specimens (blue); b. Distributional prefecture of S. tomodai not verified by museum specimens (pale blue); c. Distributional area of S. lithophilus (red). Im, Ibuki mountains; Sm, Suzuka mountains.
FIGURE 3 in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of head showing protrusion of eye (arrows). a. Silurus tomodai sp. nov., FRLM 52843, paratype, 412 mm SL, Kamo River system, Mie Prefecture; b. S. lithophilus, FRLM 52941, 362 mm SL, Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture.
FIGURE 8 in Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
FIGURE 8. Ventral views when live (b, d) and just after death (a, c, e). a. Silurus tomodai sp. nov., FRLM 52909, paratype, 300 mm SL, Yahagi River system, Aichi Prefecture; b. S. tomodai sp. nov., FRLM 52939, paratype, 514 mm SL, Kumozu River system, Mie Prefecture; c. S. tomodai sp. nov., FRLM 52876, paratype, 321 mm SL, Yahagi River system, Aichi Prefecture; d. S. asotus, FRLM 52861, 186 mm SL, Goroku River, Gifu Prefecture; e. S. asotus, FRLM 52781, 396 mm SL, clique of Kumozu River system, Mie Prefecture.
FIGURE 1. Silurus burmanensis, BMNH 2010.7.30.1, 250 in Redescription of Silurus burmanensis Thant 1967: a Silurus not a Pterocryptis (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Siluridae)
FIGURE 1. Silurus burmanensis, BMNH 2010.7.30.1, 250 mm SL; Myanmar: Shan States, Inle Lake, In-Paw-Khone village.
FIGURE 5 in Redescription of Silurus burmanensis Thant 1967: a Silurus not a Pterocryptis (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Siluridae)
FIGURE 5. Reproduction of Plate I of Thant (1967), the original description of S. burmanensis, from Journal of the Burma Research Society.
Data from: Chromosome-level assembly of Southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis) provides insights into visual adaptation to the nocturnal and benthic lifestyles
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Silurus fasciatus Linnaeus, 1766 Bloch, pl. 366 in CLOFFBR-MA - update 1 - supplement to Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Maranhão, Brazil.
Silurus fasciatus Linnaeus, 1766 Bloch, pl. 366
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