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83 results for “Soil type”
Data from: Fungal energy channeling sustains soil animal communities across forest types and regions
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Data from: Temporal variation of soil microarthropods in different forest types and regions of Central Europe
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Meta-analysis shows forest soil CO2 effluxes are dependent on the disturbance regime and biome type
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The more microplastic types pollute the soil, the stronger the growth suppression of invasive alien and native plants
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Data from: eDNA metabarcoding of log hollow sediments and soils highlights the importance of substrate type, frequency of sampling and animal size, for vertebrate species detection
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Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content in the seasonally thawed soils are described for four arctic tundra vegetation types located near the Toolik Field Station, Arctic LTER 1993.
Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content in thawed soils are described for four arctic tundra vegetation types located near the Toolik Field Station.
Data from: Effects of soil type and light on height growth, biomass partitioning, and nitrogen dynamics on 22 species of tropical dry forest tree seedlings: comparisons between legumes and nonlegumes
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The seedling stage is particularly vulnerable to resource limitation, with potential consequences for community composition. We investigated how light and soil variation affected early growth, biomass partitioning, morphology, and physiology of 22 tree species common in tropical dry forest, including eight legumes. Our hypothesis was that legume seedlings are better at taking advantage of increased resource availability, which contributes to their successful regeneration in tropical dry forests. METHODS: We grew seedlings in a full-factorial design under two light levels in two soil types that differed in nutrient concentrations and soil moisture. We measured height biweekly and, at final harvest, biomass partitioning, internode segments, leaf carbon, nitrogen, δ 13 C, and δ 15 N. KEY RESULTS: Legumes initially grew taller and maintained that height advantage over time under all experimental conditions. Legumes also had the highest final total biomass and water-use efficiency in the high-light and high-resource soil. For nitrogen-fixing legumes, the amount of nitrogen derived from fixation was highest in the richer soil. Although seed mass tended to be larger in legumes, seed size alone did not account for all the differences between legumes and nonlegumes. Both belowground and aboveground resources were limiting to early seedling growth and function. CONCLUSIONS: Legumes may have a different regeneration niche, in that they germinate rapidly and grow taller than other species immediately after germination, maximizing their performance when light and belowground resources are readily available, and potentially permitting them to take advantage of high light, nutrient, and water availability at the beginning of the wet season.
The effects of microplastics on crop variation depend on polymer types and their interactions with soil nutrient availability and weed competition
<p>Microplastics pollution of agricultural soil is a global environmental concern because of its potential risk to food security and human health. Although many studies have tested the direct effects of microplastics on growth of <em>Eruca sativa</em> Mill., little is known about whether these effects are regulated by fertilization and weed competition in field management practices.</p> <p>Here, we performed a greenhouse experiment growing <em>E. sativa</em> as target species in a three-factorial design with two levels of fertilization (low versus. high), two levels of weed competition treatments (weed competition versus no weed competition) and five levels of microplastic treatments (no microplastics, Polybutylene adipateco-terephthalate [PBAT], Polybutylene succinate [PBS], Polycaprolactone [PCL] or Polypropylene [PP]).</p> <p>Compared to the soil without microplastics, PBS and PCL reduced aboveground biomass and leaf number of the <em>E. sativa</em>. PBS also resulted in increased root allocation and thicker roots in <em>E. sativa</em>. In addition, fertilization significantly mitigated the negative effects of PBS and PCL on aboveground biomass of <em>E. sativa</em>, but weed competition significantly promoted these effects. Although fertilization alleviated the negative effect of PBS on aboveground biomass, such alleviation became weaker under weed competition than when <em>E. sativa</em> grew alone.</p> <p>The results indicate that the effects of specific polymer types on <em>E. sativa</em> growth could be regulated by fertilization, weed management, and even their interactions. Therefore, reasonable on-farm management practices may help in mitigating the negative effects of microplastics pollution on <em>E. sativa</em> growth in agricultural fields.</p>
Response of soil fungal communities and their co-occurrence patterns to grazing exclusion in different grassland types
<p>Overgrazing and climate change are the main causes of grassland degradation, and grazing exclusion is one of the most common measures for restoring degraded grasslands worldwide. Soil fungi can respond rapidly to environmental stresses, but the response of different grassland types to grazing control has not been uniformly determined. Three grassland types (temperate desert, temperate steppe grassland, and mountain meadow) that were closed for grazing exclusion for nine years were used to study the effects of grazing exclusion on soil nutrients as well as fungal community structure in the three grassland types. The results showed that (1) in the 0–5 cm soil layer, grazing exclusion significantly affected the soil water content of the three grassland types (<em>P</em><0.05), and the pH, total phosphorous (TP) and nitrogen-to-phosphorous ratio (N/P) changed significantly in all three grassland types (<em>P</em><0.05). Significant changes in soil nutrients in the 5–10 cm soil layer after grazing exclusion occurred in the mountain meadow grasslands (<em>P</em><0.05), but not in the temperate desert and temperate steppe grasslands. (2) For the different grassland types, Archaeorhizomycetes was most abundant in the montane meadows, and Dothideomycetes was most abundant in the temperate desert grasslands and was significantly more abundant than in the remaining two grassland types (<em>P</em><0.05). Grazing exclusion let to insignificant changes in the dominant soil fungal phyla and in α diversity but significant changes in the β diversity of soil fungi (<em>P</em><0.05). (3) Grazing exclusion areas have higher mean clustering coefficients and modularity classes than grazing areas. In particular, the highest modularity class is found in temperate steppe grassland grazing exclusion areas. (4) We also found that pH is the main driving factor affecting soil fungal community structure, that plant coverage is a key environmental factor affecting soil community composition, and that grazing exclusion indirectly affects soil fungal communities by affecting soil nutrients. The above results suggest that grazing exclusion may regulate microbial ecological processes by changing the soil fungal β diversity in the three grassland types. Grazing exclusion is not conducive to the recovery of soil nutrients in areas with mountain meadow but improves the stability of soil fungi in temperate steppe grassland. Therefore, the type of degraded grassland should be considered when formulating suitable restoration programmes when grazing exclusion measures are implemented. The results of this study provide new insights into the response of soil fungal communities to grazing exclusion, providing a theoretical basis for the management of degraded grassland restoration.</p>
Soil properties and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions in terms of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type
<p>This data set contains a data-mining performed to assess the impact of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type on soil and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions by a further meta-analysis of the data. </p> <p>These data correspond to the open-access article "The impact of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type on soil and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions: A meta-analysis of field studies" published in Agricultural Systems. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736</a>), funded by he European Commission Horizon 2020 project Diverfarming [grant agreement 728003]. Raúl Zornoza acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the “Ramón y Cajal” Program [RYC-2015-18758].. </p> <p> </p>
Raw data for the submitted manuscript: The Effect of Clay Type on the Toxicity of Carbendazim and Imidacloprid to the Earthworm Eisenia andrei in Artificial Soils
<p>Raw data obtained from toxicity tests with the earthworm <em>Eisenia </em><em>andrei </em>exposed for 56 days to carbendazim and imidacloprid in artificial soils created with kaolin and bentonite clay. Tests were performed following OECD guideline 222. The file includes data on earthworm starting and ending weights, survival, and reproduction.</p>
Agroecosystem diversification with legumes or non-legumes improves differently soil fertility according to soil type
<p>Plant diversification through crop rotation or agroforestry is a promising way to improve sustainability of agroecosystems. Nonetheless, criteria to select the most suitable plant communities for agroecosystems diversification facing contrasting environmental constraints need to be refined. Here, we compared the impacts of 24 different plant communities on soil fertility across six tropical agroecosystems: either on highly weathered Ferralsols, with strong P limitation, or on partially weathered soils derived from volcanic material, with major N limitation. In each agroecosystem, we tested several plant communities for diversification, as compared to a matching low diversity management for their cropping system. Plant residue restitution, N, P and lignin contents were measured for each plant community. In parallel, the soil under each community was analyzed for organic C and N, inorganic N, Olsen P, soil pH and nematode community composition. Soil potential fertility was assessed with plant bioassays under greenhouse controlled climatic conditions.<br> Overall, plant diversification had a positive effect on soil fertility across all sites, with contrasting effects depending on soil type and legumes presence in the community. Communities with legumes improved soil fertility indicators of volcanic soils, which was demonstrated through significantly higher plant biomass production in the bioassays (+18%) and soil inorganic N (+26%) compared to the low diversity management. Contrastingly, communities without legumes were the most beneficial in Ferralsols, with increases in plant biomass production in the bioassays (+39%), soil Olsen P (+46%), soil C (+26%), and pH (+5%). Piecewise structural equation models with Shipley's test revealed that plant diversification impacts on volcanic soil fertility were related to soil N availability, driven by litter N. Meanwhile, Ferralsols fertility was related to soil P availability, driven by litter P. These findings underline the importance of multifactorial and multi-sites experiments to inform trait-based frameworks used in designing optimal plant diversification in agroecological systems.</p>
Contrasting effects of vineyard type, soil and landscape factors on ground- versus above-ground nesting bees
<p><span>1. Agricultural intensification and abandonment of traditional agricultural practices are main drivers of current insect declines. The resulting loss of feeding and nesting opportunities has led to a decrease in pollinator populations like wild bees. While the restoration of floral resources has been widely implemented in wild bee conservation, nesting resources, particularly for ground-nesting species, are barely considered.</span></p> <p><span>2. We assessed wild bee diversity in a wine-growing area in Germany in 15 study sites along a soil gradient and evaluated whether wild bees were distinctly affected by different vineyard types (vertically oriented, terraced, abandoned), local conditions (e.g. shrub and flower cover), and landscape factors in response to divergent nesting needs (above-ground vs. ground-nesting). </span></p> <p><span>3. We found that wild bees responded more strongly to the availability of nesting sites than to flower resources. While ground-nesting bees were determined by the suitability of soil aspects for nesting irrespective of vineyard management types, above-ground nesting bees profited from vineyard abandonment and shrub encroachment in vineyard fallows and were enhanced by the availability of seminatural habitats (SNH) in the surrounding landscape. In contrast, floral resource availability in managed vineyards had only marginal effects on above-ground-nesting bees.</span></p> <p><span>4. Synthesis and applications: Life history traits like nesting strategies have long been neglected in wild bee conservation approaches, but proved to be highly relevant, especially for ground-nesting bees. For this, agri-environmental schemes can no longer solely focus on the restoration of floral resources, but should equally address nesting resources. Therefore, management efforts for enhancing wild bees in vineyard landscapes should aim at complementing nesting resources for ground-nesting bees (e.g. exposed bare ground patches) and above-ground-nesting bees (e.g. woody elements, hedges) in addition to floral resources. At the landscape level, conserving heterogeneous landscapes at a mixture of actively managed vineyards and semi-natural and woody elements is significant to maintain diverse bee communities. </span></p>
Correlations between dominant vegetation type and composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities in a subtropical forest
<p><span>Single and mixed vegetation types have significant effects on soil parameters and the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities.</span><span> To understand the influence of different vegetation types on the structure of soil bacterial community across soil depth in a subtropical forest, we assessed the relative abundance of edaphic bacterial community and soil parameters, including pH, </span><span>cation exchange capacity</span><span> (CEC), and d</span><span>issolved organic carbon</span><span> (DOC) </span><span>in Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve in Fujian Province, southeastern China. The study area constitutes pine coniferous forest (CF) of <em>pinus taiwanensis</em>, broad-leaved forest (BF) of <em>castanopsis fabri</em>, and a mixed forest comprising CF and BF (MF). Quantitative PCR and Illumina sequencing of 16S rDNA were used to analyze the abundance, diversity, and composition of soil bacteria. </span><span>The results showed that the pH, CEC and diversity of tree species are all associated with the composition of the bacterial community in the soil.</span> <span>It was found that CEC, soluble</span><span> organic nitrogen (</span><span>DON) and pH largely affected the structure of soil bacterial community in A horizon, whereas CEC, moisture content (MC) and </span><span>organic phosphorus</span><span> (OP) affected the structure of soil bacterial community in B horizon. </span><span>We found that the dominant taxa in the CF and BF were <em>Proteobacteria</em> and <em>Acidobacteria</em>, respectively. The results of both mental and random forest (RF) analyses displayed groups according to vegetation types, indicating that the bacterial communities in the research site were significantly influenced by vegetation types in subtropical forests. </span><span>The study highlights the ecological effects of forest management and elucidates the differences in the functional structure of soil bacterial communities under different vegetation types and soil depths.</span></p>
Agroecosystem diversification with legumes or non-legumes improves differently soil fertility according to soil type
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Spatial patterns and ecological drivers of soil nematode β-diversity in natural grasslands vary among vegetation types and trophic position
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Response of soil fungal communities and their co-occurrence patterns to grazing exclusion in different grassland types
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Contrasting effects of vineyard type, soil and landscape factors on ground- versus above-ground nesting bees
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The effects of microplastics on crop variation depend on polymer types and their interactions with soil nutrient availability and weed competition
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Data from: Soil macrofauna communities vary by land use type and environmental conditions in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.